Activity Of Bacterial Proteolytic Enzymes on Antinutritional Factors in Soybeans and the Effect on Growth and Organ Weights of Piglets

１　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ａｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆｓｏｙｂｅａｎｓｅｅｄｓｍａｋｅｔｈｅｍａｔｔｒａｃｔｉｖｅｃａｎｄｉｄａｔｅｓａｓ－ｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｏｆｄｉｅｔａｒｙｎｉｔｒｏｇｅｎｆｏｒｍｏｎｏｇａｃｔ...     

Inactivation of Antinutritive Factors in Soya Bean by Proteolytic Enzymes

１ＩｎｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｔｈａｓｌｏｎｇｂｅｅｎｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｓｏｙｂｅａｎｓｃｏｎｔａｉｎａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｍａｊｏｒａｎｔｉ－ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓ（ＡＮＦｓ）Ｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｃｅｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｌｉｍｉｔｓｔｈｅｎｕｔｒｉｔ...     

蝇蛆抗菌肽的诱导及其抗菌性能研究

为了探究灭活沙门氏菌对蝇蛆抗菌肽的诱导效果,试验用灭活沙门氏菌和沙门氏菌培养蝇蛆,粗提蝇蛆抗菌肽,分时间点测定其浓度及抗菌性能,同时对蝇蛆体内细菌含量进行计数。结果显示,诱导组抗菌肽浓度均高于未诱导组(P<0.05),且在24 h时浓度最高;诱导组对沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径显著大于未诱导组(P<0.05),显著小于抗生素组(P<0.05),最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值为0.5 mg/mL;蝇蛆体内细菌含量为1.6×10⁵ CFU/g,低于国家规定标准饲料中细菌总数最低值2×10⁶ CFU/g。提示,用灭活沙门氏菌诱导蝇蛆能提高抗菌肽的表达量,且具有较强的抗菌性能及安全性。     

Effect of Thermal Microbial Inactivation and Washing on Quality Properties of Fish Sausage During Cold Storage (4°C)

The effect of microbial inactivation and washing process on physicochemical and sensory quality of pasteurized fish sausage during cold storage (4°C) was evaluated. Mince was obtained after the grinding; washed mince (WM) was obtained by single washing of mince; and surimi was obtained after three washing and dewatering cycles. Texture profile analysis results demonstrated that textural characteristics of pasteurized fish sausages remain stable during storage period (p > 0.05). Color analysis showed that Hunter L* had an increasing trend, and a* and b* had a decreasing trend over time (p < 0.05). Thus, it is possible to inactivate all microorganisms in pasteurized fish sausage without any undesirable effect on physicochemical and sensory quality.     

几种植物提取液对TMV体外活性及烟草叶片超微结构的影响

[目的]烟草普通花叶病毒病(TMV)是对烟叶产量和质量影响严重的一种病害.本研究为利用环保型植物源制剂防治烟草花叶病毒病提供理论依据.[方法]分别用水煎煮和乙醇浸提2种方法提取白花蛇舌草、莲叶和配伍多种植物的提取液.取等体积的植物提取液与烟草花叶病毒混合,观察TMV粒体形态及体外钝化效果,将提取液喷施感染TMV的烟叶上,观察烟草叶片超微结构的变化,并进行大田试验.[结果]正常的TMV粒体呈刚直、杆状,植物提取液与TMV等体积混合后,由于提取液的种类和作用时间不同,TMV粒子有不同程度的破坏、断裂或凝聚,感染TMV叶片细胞中存在大量杆状病毒粒子及其垛叠成的结晶体,叶绿体肿胀,外膜破裂,基粒片层紊乱、解体,细胞器消失,细胞空泡化.经植物提取液处理后,上述症状明显减轻.植物提取液对TMV的体外钝化效果分别为:白花蛇舌草50.77%-60.61%、莲叶73.39%-85.19%、制剂91.30%-92.13%,制剂比其它2种效果明显,大田试验验证制剂防治效果达71.02%-81.92%.[结论]植物提取液对TMV粒体有明显的破坏作用,因而能减轻TMV对烟草的危害.     

二氧化氯（ClO2）在桑叶消毒上的应用研究

为探讨二氧化氯（ClO2）对桑叶质量、家蚕微孢子虫和肠球菌的灭活作用及其稳定性、腐蚀性,以直接喷洒桑园桑叶和浸泡离体桑叶消毒的方式,测定ClO2对桑叶质量的影响,并用悬液法和桑叶片载体法处理家蚕微孢子虫,测定ClO2对微孢子虫的灭活效果。结果显示,浓度在500 mg/L以下的ClO2溶液对桑叶质量无显著影响;采用悬液法时,30 mg/L ClO2溶液处理6.0 min即可达到完全杀灭家蚕微孢子虫的效果,而漂白粉精浓度需要达到0.24%才具有同等效果;采用桑叶片载体法时,300 mg/L ClO2溶液处理10.0 min可达到完全杀灭家蚕微孢子虫的效果。以10 mg/L ClO2溶液处理1.0 min,可完全杀灭家蚕肠球菌。ClO2稳定性较差,对金属具有中度腐蚀性。可见,ClO2适合作为桑叶消毒剂用于预防家蚕微粒子病的发生。     

Effect of germination on vomitoxin level in grain.

The present investigation clarified the effect of enzymes or other substances formed during the germination process on the vomitoxin level of contaminated oats. The studies found that oats containing vomitoxin germinated very poorly; the decrease in toxins was also slight. The amount of pure vomitoxin added to toxin-free grain decreased (barley 53%, oats 40%, wheat 20%) during germination (5 d). In homogenized mixture of germinated grain (2.4 and 7 d) and toxic grain no decrease in toxin amount occurred during a 1-7 day period. In contrast, when germinating toxin free grains and toxic oats in a grain mixture the toxin level decreased at first, but later rose considerably. On the basis of these results, the utilization of germination processes for the improvement of grain containing vomitoxin is of questionable value.     

嘧肽霉素对烟草花叶病毒抑制作用研究

嘧肽霉素和烟草花叶病毒(TMV)等体积混合后接种,对心叶烟的枯斑抑制率为96.5%,对系统寄主NC89的防效为84.9%。在接种病毒前24 h喷施药剂,枯斑抑制率和对系统寄主的防效分别为75.4%和69.5%。接种病毒后24 h喷药试验表明,药剂能在一定程度上抑制进入植株体内病毒的增殖。药剂与病毒混合处理后电镜观察,病毒粒子有断裂现象,混合时间越长,破坏作用越强。嘧肽霉素对TMV具有较强的体外钝化作用,且是不可逆的。     

哺乳动物早期胚胎的剂量补偿作用及其对发育的影响

剂量补偿是使X连锁基因的表达水平在两性间达到平衡的过程。哺乳动物是通过随机失活雌性的一条X染色体实现剂量补偿。X染色体失活开始于X染色体失活中心(XIC),然后传播到整条染色体。Xist基因定位于XIC中,参与X染色体失活的启动。本文主要通过分析雄核生殖胚胎、雌核生殖胚胎和正常胚胎发育中X连锁基因表达,概括了X染色体失活(XCI)在哺乳动物早期胚胎发育中作用,综述了哺乳动物早期胚胎的剂量补偿作用及其对发育的影响。     

不同失活预处液处理对切花月季保鲜及扦插效果的影响初探

研究失活预处液处理对月季品种黑魔术、影星切花瓶插保鲜及扦插效果的影响,结果表明：不同预处液处理对花枝吸水度、瓶插寿命、花朵开放直径及枝条扦插萌发率、生根率有显著影响.其中,未进行失活处理的预处液切花瓶插保鲜效果较好,瓶插寿命长,花枝吸水能力强.枝条扦插后萌发率高,生根好.进行失活处理的预处液,随失活成分浓度升高,切花瓶插效果明显下降,枝条扦插后坏死率高,失活效果明显.