Foxp3结构、功能及其在机体免疫抑制中的作用

Foxp3特异性表达于胸腺、脾脏和淋巴结等淋巴器官和组织中的CD4＋CD25＋调节性T细胞（regulatory T cells,Treg）表面,在诱导CD4＋CD25＋Treg发育、分化与功能发挥中起重要的作用,它通过调控Treg的转录和蛋白表达参与机体稳态机体,在感染免疫、肿瘤免疫及自身免疫病中发挥重要作用。本文就Foxp3分子结构、功能及其在免疫抑制中的作用机制作一综述。     

广西梧州地区近十年传染性法氏囊病病毒vVP2变化特征分析

为了解近10年来广西梧州地区鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)分子进化情况,对2013年—2014年间来自该地区传染性法氏囊病(Infectious bursal disease,IBD)的法氏囊样品进行IBDV的分离鉴定,并对分离株以及课题组2006年—2013年间分离的毒株,共24株的VP2高变区(vVP2)进行序列分析和遗传进化分析。结果表明,QX0601等23个分离株在关键氨基酸位点上具有256I、284A、294I等超强毒株(vvIBDV)的分子特征,遗传进化分析表明,这23株分离株与UK661、HK46等超强毒参考株同处一个分支中,亲缘关系较近;QX110603在关键性氨基酸位点上则具有256V、284T、294L等弱毒株的特征,遗传进化分析显示,其与BJ836等致弱株处于同一分支,亲缘关系较近。对所有分离株进行氨基酸位点分析发现,该地区IBDV进化出现了新的特点,212D-212N符合国内近年来的分离株的变化趋势,209T-209A、338R-338H、359T-359R则表现出地域特点,未曾见过相似报道。研究结果表明,具有vvIBDV分子特征的分离株是该地区近10年来主要流行毒株,该地区IBDV毒株在vVP2序列上仍处于不断进化中,且带有地域特点。     

Varroa mites,viruses and bacteria incidences in Kenyan domesticated honeybee colonies

Varroa mite (Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman) is a major global threat to the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). The ectoparasite has been implicated in the spread of honeybee viruses. Beekeeping plays a major role in transmission of the mite. The study aimed at assessing levels of Varroa infestation, bee viruses and bacteria incidences in domesticated honeybee colonies. Samples of adult honey bees, bee brood and Varroa mites were collected from Baringo, Narok, Kwale, Magarini, Voi, Ijara, Busia and Siaya in Kenya. Ten hives in each site were inspected for the presence of Varroa mites on adult bees using the icing sugar technique and forceps in sealed brood cells. The number of mites observed were recorded per site. Ribonucleic acid was extracted from the mites, brood and adult bees and a polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the black queen cell virus. Pooled RNA samples of brood and adult bees were used in next generation sequencing on a 454 GS FLX platform to detect bee viruses and bacteria. Varroa mites were reported in all the study sites at varying levels. The black queen cell virus and three iflaviruses, European foul brood and its secondary causative agent Enterococcus faecalis were reported. The Kenyan honeybee population is threatened by bee pests and pathogens. There is a need for constant monitoring of bee pests and diseases in honeybee colonies in the country for early detection and to provide data on the status of bee health. All stakeholders in the beekeeping value chain should be enlightened on their role in pest and disease transmission.     

鸡3种主要DNA病毒多重感染复合PCR检测方法的建立

依据Gen Bank中注册的鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)、鸡痘病毒(FPV)基因组核苷酸序列中的保守序列设计引物,3种病毒各设计3对引物,共计9对引物,经生物学软件筛选后,得到3对相互匹配较佳的引物。3对匹配引物经单一PCR验证后,优化复合PCR反应条件,确定最佳的退火温度、引物浓度和Taq DNA聚合酶浓度;经特异性、敏感性试验及简化PCR试验,建立简易复合PCR检测方法。复合PCR扩增出的3条带大小与预期一致,即228 bp(MDV)、400 bp(ILTV)、499 bp(FPV);建立的复合PCR方法能同时检测出100 fg MDV、ILTV、FPV的DNA。同时依据PCR技术原理,将经典的三温热循环改进为二温热循环试验,即将退火和延伸合并为一步(62℃),缩短了反应时间。建立的3种病毒的复合PCR检测方法具有较高的特异性和敏感性,可以用于临床病料的快速诊断。     

Characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus variant of the gypsy moth,Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) in Turkey

The gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L., Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is one of the most serious pest of various forestal, food and industrial crops worldwide. We have characterized a new Lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (LdMNPV-T4) variant, which was isolated from dead L. dispar larvae in Turkey. Scanning electron microscope observations showed that the polyhedral occlusion bodies (OBs) of the LdMNPV-T4 were irregularly shaped. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that OBs of LdMNPV-T4 were occupied with several virions in which multiple nucleocapsids packaged by viral envelope. Restriction analysis of the LdMNPV-T4 DNA purified from the viral inclusion bodies yielded BamHI, BglII, EcoRI and HindIII fragments. The mean size estimated for the complete LdMNPV-T4 genome was calculated to be 163.3 kb. Phylogenetic analysis of amplified polh, lef-8 and lef-9 sequences showed its relation to the other NPVs from Lymantria species. Mortality values of the LdMNPV-T4 at four different concentrations against third instar larvae of L. dispar ranged from 45% to 88%. These results suggest that LdMNPV-T4 isolated from Turkey is a promising microbial control agent to be utilized for the biological control of L. dispar.     

四川省马铃薯主产区最新病毒病普查及血清学鉴定

应用血清学双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法（DAS-ELISA）对采自四川省21个马铃薯主产区的981份田间病株、试管苗及薯块进行了马铃薯病毒检测鉴定。检出的病毒种类有马铃薯X病毒（PVX）、马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）、马铃薯S病毒（PVS）、马铃薯A病毒（PVA）、马铃薯M病毒（PVM）以及马铃薯卷叶病毒（PLRV）等6种病毒,其中PVS的检出率最高。同时对在安第斯山地区新发现的安斯山马铃薯潜隐病毒（APLV）、安第斯山马铃薯斑驳病毒（APMoV）2种病毒进行了检测,检测结果表明,四川还未发现这2种病毒。     

转CP基因马铃薯抗病毒育种研究进展

本文简述了植物病毒CP基因介导的抗性机理、马铃薯转CP基因抗病毒（PVY、PVX、PVS、PLRA、PVA）育种研究进展及转CP基因技术研究发展情况,并展望了利用转CP基因抗病毒育种的应用前景。     

东方百合快繁培养基优化与脱毒技术研究

摘 要：【研究目的】为实现百合种球的国产化,繁育大量的优质种球,笔者以东方百合的西伯利亚和索邦品种为材料,研究东方百合茎尖诱导、继代增殖和生根的最佳培养基,并比较不同的组织培养方法的脱毒效果。【方法】设置不同的激素浓度梯度筛选东方百合茎尖诱导、继代增殖和生根的最佳培养基,并比较新鲜百合球茎尖培养、冷藏处理百合球的茎尖培养、鳞片培养、鳞片扦插苗茎尖培养和试管苗茎尖培养等5种组织培养方法的脱毒效果。【结果】试验结果表明,百合茎尖诱导的适宜培养基为MS + 2.0mg/L 6-BA + 0.1mg/L NAA,芽形成的适宜培养基为MS + 1.0mg/L 6-BA + 0.5 mg/L NAA,苗形成的适宜培养基为MS + 1.0mg/L 6-BA + 0.08mg/L NAA,生根的适宜培养基为1/2MS + 0.4mg/L NAA + 4%AC (Active Charcoal)。病毒检测表明试管苗茎尖培养的脱毒效果最好,但成活率较低;冷藏处理百合球的茎尖培养的脱毒效果也较好且成活率较高。【结论】筛选的东方百合各阶段的培养基配方能满足东方百合快速扩繁的技术要求,茎尖培养在东方百合依然是较好的脱毒方法。     

Detection and molecular characterization of viruses associated with tomato yellow leaf curl disease in cucurbit crops in Jordan

In this study, Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) and the strains Israel and Mild of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-IL, TYLCV-Mld) were detected for the first time in four cucurbit crops in Jordan by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). These viruses cause the tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) in tomato. Cucumber, squash, melon and watermelon plants inoculated with TYLCV-IL[JO:Cuc], TYLCV-Mld, TYLCSV-IT[IT:Sar:88] and the Jordanian isolate of TYLCV (TYLCV-JV) did not show disease symptoms. However, virus-specific fragments were detected in uppermost leaves of symptomless plants by nPCR. A whitefly transmission test showed that Bemisia tabaci could transmit TYLCV-Mld from cucumber into tomato and jimsonweed plants. However, all infected tomato plants remained symptomless. In addition, results of semi-quantitative PCR (sqPCR) analysis showed that the relative amount of TYLCV-Mld DNA acquired by B. tabaci from cucumber plants was less than that acquired from tomato plants.     

水禽源流感病毒的禽类感染谱

用两株水禽源流感病毒番鸭源ZM株、鹅源SG株人工感染不同禽类,探讨毒株对不同禽类的致病情况及禽类的易感程度。结果表明：鸡、鹌鹑、鹧鸪对两毒株均具有高度的易感性;水禽类的鹅、番鸭也较为易感,而肉鸭和绍鸭有一定的抵抗力,说明鸭的易感性与品种有关;鸽的易感性较弱。