灰木莲、巨尾桉和厚荚相思人工林土壤微生物量及酶活性比较

为了解灰木莲、巨尾桉和厚荚相思3种人工林地的土壤肥力变化,为制定相应的营林措施提供参考,对3种8年生人工林0 ～ 20cm土层的微生物数量及土壤酶活性进行比较.结果表明:(1)不同树种的土壤微生物总量为灰木莲＞厚荚相思＞巨尾桉.同一树种在一年四季中的变化是:灰木莲林地夏季＞冬季＞秋季＞春季;巨尾桉林地秋季＞春季＞夏季＞冬季;厚荚相思林地秋季＞春季＞冬季＞夏季.(2)3种林地土壤的三大类群微生物数量特征表现为细菌最多,真菌数量最少,但在不同季节里有变化.灰木莲林地和厚荚相思林地的细菌数量明显大于巨尾桉林地;而巨尾桉林地的真菌和放线菌数量在春夏两季均大于另外两种林地,但秋冬两季则是3种林地中最少的.(3)3种林地的土壤蛋白酶活性在春季基本持平,但在夏季和冬季的差异却达到极显著水平;而3种林地的土壤过氧化氢酶活性均在夏季和冬季出现两次高峰,冬季的酶活性最大,差异达显著水平.分析表明不同树种对林地土壤微生物数量、组成以及土壤酶活性有重要影响.     

不同形态氮素对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及酶活性的影响

采用框栽试验方法,研究6种不同形态氮素[生物固氮(N0)、硝态氮(N1)、铵态氮(N2)、氨基酸态氮(N3)、蛋白态氮(N4)和酰胺态氮(N5)]对种植大豆土壤中微生物数量及土壤酶活性动态变化的影响。结果表明:各大豆生育期内真菌、细菌、放线菌数量和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性对不同形态氮素的反应不同;三大菌群在组成上以细菌数量占绝对优势,数量上均在花期时达到峰值,即均随着大豆生育期的推进呈单峰曲线变化;花期不同形态氮处理下的土壤微生物总数量有差异,具体表现为N5N3N2N1N4N0。土壤多样性指数的变化趋势随着生育期的推进呈缓慢下降趋势,与土壤微生物数量的变化趋势不一致,因此,评价土壤生物多样性指数应将两者结合起来。土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶活性随着生育期的推进亦为单峰曲线变化趋势,但脲酶与蔗糖酶活性的变化趋势不同,其高峰期出现在鼓粒期。     

Characterization of a Heat Stable Protease from Arrowtooth Flounder;

Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis revealed rapid proteolytic degradation of myosin heavy chain in heated arrowtooth flounder muscle. A proteolytic enzyme of approximately 32,000 molecular weight was extracted from the muscle and purified 125 fold. Activity of the semi-purified enzyme at 55°C was optimal against casein at pH 6.0-7.0. Incubation with chemical reagents indicated the involvement of sulfhydryl groups in enzyme activity.     

Effects of Weaning on Immunity and Nutrition in Piglets

The number of birth per year was an important indicator of the sow's productivity and it was related to the duration of breastfeeding.Weaning had been shown to be a stressful period.The weaning age had declined over time in order to increase sow productivity and the fact that weaning under modem-day commercial conditions inflicted stress (environmental,nutritional and psychological/social) on pigs and associated with marked changes in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) physiology,microbiology and immunology.However,the early weaning resulted in post-weaning diarrhea,mainly related to intestinal dysbiosis during this rapid adaptation to the new diet.The environment and feed had influence on physiology,gut morphology,immune system and diseases of weaned piglets.     

肠相关性淋巴样组织研究概况

系统论述了肠相关淋巴组织的组成结构及其在肠道黏膜免疫中的功能作用，同时，概述了肠相关淋巴组织在消化道感染中的可能作用，并指出从黏膜免疫的角度来研究畜禽消化道疾病的病原体与消化道粘膜感染的关系是揭示这类疾病发生机理的一个新的突破点，它将为策划新的防制战略以控制畜禽消化道疾病的发生和消化道感染提供重要的依据。     

Numbers of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the rumen as estimated by competitive polymerase chain reaction

Cell numbers of known species of nitrate- and nitrite-reducing bacteria, Selenomonas ruminantium, Veillonella parvula and Wollinella succinogenes , in the rumen of goats (25–30 kg) were estimated by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The number of S. ruminantium was the largest of the three species examined, and tended to be greater in goats fed a high-concentrate diet (5.6 × 10⁷ cells/mL rumen fluid) than in goats fed a high-roughage diet (1.3 × 10⁷ cells/mL). The number of V. parvula tended to be greater when goats were fed a high-roughage diet (6.7 × 10³/mL) than when fed a high-concentrate diet (3.2 × 10³/mL). The number of W. succinogenes was below the detectable level (< 1.0 × 10²/mL) when a high-concentrate diet was fed, but was significantly increased by feeding a high-roughage diet (1.6 × 10³/mL). Addition of potassium nitrate (6 g/day) to the high-concentrate diet tended to increase V. parvula , and significantly increased W. succinogenes , indicating that these two bacteria can be increased by feeding a diet containing nitrate.     

鼎湖山和尖峰岭土壤及凋落物中微生物数量季节动态

研究海南岛尖峰岭和广东鼎湖山两样地采集的土壤样品及森林凋落物样品中细菌、放线菌和真菌三类微生物数量的季节动态变化。结果表明:两样地的土壤及凋落物中各类群微生物数量均有明显的季节变化;同一微生物类群在凋落物和土壤中的数量均有明显而相似的季节变化;凋落物中各类微生物的数量都较土壤中的多。     

山羊瘤胃微生物宏基因组文库中一个新型纤维素酶 基因的克隆与表达

通过功能筛选方法,从安徽白山羊瘤胃微生物宏基因组文库中筛选得到了6个纤维素酶的阳性克隆。对其中的1个阳性克隆进一步进行亚克隆和序列分析,获得一个新型纤维素酶基因开放阅读框,通过BLAST对基因全序列进行分析比较,发现其与来自Bacteroides cellulosilyticus DSM 14838的hypothetical protein具有51%的序列相似性和65%的同源性。并以p ET28a(+)为载体、Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)为宿主菌,对新型酶基因进行高效重组表达,并对该酶表达条件进行优化。     

茶多酚体内吸收、分布、代谢和排泄研究进展

茶多酚是茶叶中重要的活性物质,具有多种保健功效,例如预防代谢综合症、癌症以及神经退行性疾病等。茶多酚体内的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)与茶多酚的健康功效紧密相关。本文综述了近年来荼多酚体内ADME的研究结果,表明EGCG在人体内的相对生物利用度并不低于小鼠,灌胃给药后肠道中的EGCE含量最高,而在脑组织中的分布极少;同时可以发现肝脏是体内EGCG的主要处置器官,之后通过胆汁排泄。对于2种儿荼素而言,非酯型儿茶素(EC和EGC)口服后在体内相对生物利用度高于酯型儿茶素(EGCG和ECG)。系统地比较了荼多酚在人体及其他动物模型中的代谢规律,为进一步研究和开发茶多酚提供参考。     

番茄品种抗性与青枯菌和土壤微生物的关系

对青枯菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）在番茄（Lyoopersicon esculentum Mill）抗、感品种根际土壤和根系组织中的数量变化，以及青枯菌与番茄相互作用后，抗、感品种根际微生物数量的变化进行了研究．结果表明，根际土壤中青枯菌数量与番茄品种抗性之间的关系不显著（P〉0．05），而根组织内青枯菌数量与番茄品种抗性密切相关；土壤接种青枯菌后第4d，抗病品种根际土壤真菌、细菌和放线菌数量均高于感病品种，并达到最高峰，第4d后微生物数量下降，并低于感病品种，而不接种青枯菌的对照组，抗病品种根际微生物的数量几乎都高于感病品种．