Virus inactivation by ethylene oxide containing gases.

Gases containing ethylene oxide mixed with carbon dioxide alone (Etox®) or together with methyl formate (Etoxiat®) were employed for virus treatment in a way that has been shown efficient for the killing of bacteria. A number of viruses selected for their capacity to withstand chemical or physical treatments were tested under varying conditions, including in a dried state in the presence of high amounts of organic matter (animal spillings). The viruses tested were enteroviruses, paramyxovirus (NDV), poxvirus and parvovirus, and they were all inactivated to a high degree.     

Silver thiosulphate: An experimental tool in plant science

The anti-ethylene properties of silver thiosulphate (STS) are reviewed. Because of the specificity of the silver ion in STS, ethylene sensitive and non-sensitive components can be distinguished in studies on the effects of ethylene on plant growth and development. The ability of STS to prevent wilting in cut flowers and petal drop in potted flowering plants, and to induce sex transformations in female plants, together with its relative ease of application and low cost per plant, are arguments in favour of using STS in commercial horticulture.     

Co~（2＋）对渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片乙烯产生率及蛋白酶活性的影响

在－１．０ＭＰａＰＥＧ渗透胁迫下，小麦幼苗叶片乙烯产生速率和蛋白酶活性随胁迫时间延长递增，蛋白质和叶绿素含量递减。在－１．０ＭＰａＰＥＧ溶液中加入２ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＣｏＣｌ２处理可以抑制乙烯的产生及蛋白酶的活性，对蛋白质和叶绿素起到保护作用。同时还观察到，渗透胁迫过程中乙烯的产生速率与叶片的衰老过程具有正相关性，加入Ｃｏ２＋能一定程度的减轻渗透胁迫造成的伤害。     

松根炭制维尼纶载体活性炭的研究

作为维尼纶合成中的载体活性炭，其强度和孔径分布要求十分严格，所以需要使用椰壳活性炭。本研究的目的就是制造一种活性炭来代替它。实验证明，松根炭制成的活性炭可以作为载体活性炭。其关键是粘结剂、辅助试剂和活化条件的选择。     

1-MCP处理对不同贮藏设施条件下富士苹果保鲜效果的影响

以富士苹果为试材,研究了不同贮藏设施(大型恒温冷库、小型组装式恒温贮藏库、改造土窑洞、传统土窑洞)条件下1-MCP处理对富士苹果采后生理特性和贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,富士苹果属呼吸跃变型果实,在四种不同贮藏设施条件下,1-MCP处理均可明显降低贮藏期间果实的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,较好地保持果实硬度和可滴定酸含量,且贮藏设施条件越好,1-MCP的处理效果越明显。但果实的可溶性固形物含量有所降低,可能是1-MCP处理延缓了果实的后熟、成熟度较低的缘故。     

月季Rh-ADF1基因在花瓣扩展中响应乙烯的表达特性分析

 为探讨肌动蛋白解聚因子（actin depolymerizing factor,ADF）是否参与乙烯对月季花瓣细胞扩展的调节,以切花月季‘Samantha’为试材,从花瓣中分离到响应乙烯的ADF基因,并将其命名为Rh-ADF1,在GenBank中的登录号为JN048105。推定的氨基酸序列分析表明,Rh-ADF1的开放阅读框长度为423 bp,编码140个氨基酸。半定量RT-PCR分析结果表明,Rh-ADF1在花朵的各个器官中均有表达,在花瓣中略高于其他器官;该基因表达能够被乙烯处理强烈诱导升高,被乙烯作用抑制剂1-MCP（1-Methylcyclopropene）处理明显降低。在洋葱表皮细胞中进行的瞬时表达分析表明,Rh-ADF1蛋白分布在整个细胞中,主要与actin组成的微丝网络结合。据此推测,Rh-ADF1基因在转录水平上参与乙烯对花瓣扩展的调节,乙烯可能通过Rh-ADF1基因调控了花瓣细胞骨架的动态变化,进而影响花瓣细胞扩展和形态变化。     

纳米银对瓶插月季切花乙烯作用的拮抗效应

 以月季‘影星’（Rosa hybrida‘Movie Star’）切花为试材,用5、10和30 mg · L^-1纳米银（nano-silver,NS）溶液,0.5 mmol · L^-1硫代硫酸银（silver thiosulfate,STS）溶液和去离子水（对照）分别预处理花枝（长为25 cm）基端2 h后再移至去离子水中瓶插,之后用10 μL · L^-1外源乙烯处理24 h,观测切花瓶插期间的观赏品质,瓶插寿命,花径和花枝鲜样质量等指标的变化。结果表明：乙烯处理可加快切花失水凋萎及叶片脱落,并抑制花朵开放,而NS处理可显著减轻乙烯处理的不利影响,其中以30 mg · L^-1 NS处理效果最佳,该处理月季切花的瓶插寿命比乙烯处理延长7 d。另外,取月季切花的花朵（带5 cm花茎,无叶）进行上述试验,进一步证实乙烯处理可抑制花朵开放,而NS处理可显著减轻乙烯对花朵开放的抑制作用。     

Cytotoxic, cytoprotective and antioxidant effects of isolated phenolic compounds from fresh ginger

Twenty-nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the root bark of fresh (Yunnan) ginger and their structures fully characterized. Selected compounds were divided into structural categories and twelve compounds subjected to in-vitro assays including DPPH radical scavenging, xanthine-oxidase inhibition, monoamine oxidase inhibition, rat-brain homogenate lipid peroxidation, and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell and primary liver cell viability to determine their antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Isolated compounds were also tested against nine human tumor cell lines to characterize anticancer potency. Several diarylheptanoids and epoxidic diarylheptanoids were effective DPPH radical scavengers and moderately effective at inhibiting xanthine oxidase. An enone–dione analog of 6-shogaol (compound 2) was isolated and identified to be most effective at protecting PC12 cells from H₂O₂-induced damage. Almost all tested compounds inhibited lipid peroxidation. Three compounds, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol and an enone-diarylheptanoid analog of curcumin (compound 6) were identified to be cytotoxic in cell lines tested, with KB and HL60 cells most susceptible to 6-shogaol and the curcumin analog with IC₅₀ < 10 μM. QSAR analysis revealed cytotoxicity was related to compound lipophilicity and chemical reactivity. In conclusion, we observed distinct compounds in fresh ginger to have biological activities relevant in diseases associated with reactive oxygen species.     

气体物质对园艺产品采后保鲜的影响

对备受瞩目的1-MCP、乙醇和乙醛、NO和N2O等气体物质对园艺产品采后保鲜中的影响及其作用机理、特点及应用前景进行了概述.