双波长紫外分光光度法测定复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉中恩诺沙星和盐酸多西环素的含量

建立了复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉中恩诺沙星和盐酸多西环素含量的检测方法.采用双波长紫外分光光度法,直接测定两组分的含量.结果显示可同时测出复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉中恩诺沙星和盐酸多西环素的各自含量,且吸收度与各自的浓度成良好线性关系.恩诺沙星平均回收率为100.1%,RSD为0.04%(n=5).盐酸多西环素平均回收率为100.2%,RSD为0.14%(n=5).本方法简便、快速、可靠,可用于复方恩诺沙星可溶性粉的含量测定.     

Pharmacokinetics and Dosage Regimen of Enrofloxacin in Buffalo Bulls after Intramuscular Administration

The disposition kinetics and dosage regimen of enrofloxacin were investigated in breeding buffalo bulls following a single intramuscular administration of 5 mg/kg. The absorption half-life, half-life of the terminal phase, apparent volume of distribution and total body clearance were 0.262±0.099 h, 1.97±0.23 h, 0.61±0.13 L/kg and 210.2±18.6 ml/(kg.h), respectively. Therapeutic plasma levels (1 g/ml) were maintained for up to 6 h. A satisfactory intramuscular dosage regimen for enrofloxacin in buffalo bulls would be 8.5 mg/kg followed by 8.0 mg/kg at 8 h intervals.     

Endometrial Tissue Concentrations of Enrofloxacin after Intrauterine Administration to Mares

Endometritis in mares is a common cause of infertility. Conventional treatments of the disease have mostly been unsuccessful, so new therapeutic alternatives need to be investigated. This study evaluated the uterine disposition and plasma pharmacokinetic behaviour of a commercial formulation of enrofloxacin (EFX) given by the intrauterine (i.u.) route (2.5 mg/kg) in healthy mares. In order to evaluate the uterine inflammatory response, an initial histopathological study assessing polymorphonuclear cell infiltration was carried out in 20 mares over a 14-day period after treatment. In a second study, 6 healthy adult mares were used for the pharmacokinetic study. Samples of uterine tissue and plasma were collected from 0 to 24 h after the i.u. treatment with 5% EFX solution. Samples were analysed by conventional microbiological assay using an EFX-sensitive strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). There was a moderate but statistically nonsignificant inflammatory response following i.u. administration of either the formulation or the vehicle alone. Pharmacokinetic analysis of the uterine concentrations of EFX showed a slow and sustained depletion, with EFX remaining at concentrations above the MIC for 24 h after treatment. The area under the concentration–time curve obtained for the uterus suggested that EFX and its metabolites are specifically retained in the uterus, which is the target tissue for bacterial colonization. Neither study provided any evidence of EFX toxicity. In conclusion, these results are encouraging and suggest that EFX may be a useful local treatment in mares with bacterial endometritis.     

Blood lactate responses to submaximal field exercise tests in thoroughbred horses

The associations between velocity during a standardized, submaximal 800-m exercise test and blood lactate concentration after exercise were investigated in Thoroughbred racehorses on sand and grass racetracks. Predicted lactate concentrations for each horse's exercise test velocity were calculated from the line of best fit derived from results at each racetrack. The repeatability of the differences between the measured and predicted blood lactate response to exercise was also investigated. Exercise tests were conducted at speeds ranging from 12.8 to 16.6 m/s. The variability of velocity within the exercise test was expressed as the coefficient of variation (CV) of the times for the four 200-m sections.On the sand track, the coefficient of determination for the lactate-speed relationship was highest for an exponential regression equation [lactate (mmol/L) = 0.08e(0.33x)(m/s);r(2)= 0.58, P< 0.05;n = 21]. Similar coefficients of determination were calculated for linear (r(2)= 0.56) and second order polynomial equations (r(2)= 0. 57). On the grass racetrack, the relationship was best described by a second order polynomial equation [lactate (mmol/L) = -0.87x(2)+ 28. 17x - 211.41;r(2)= 0.57, P< 0.05;n = 25]. The mean differences between the measured and predicted blood lactate concentrations in repeated tests were 1.9 +/- 1.8 (SD) and 1.8 +/- 1.7 ( SD) on the sand and grass racetracks. There were no significant associations between the velocity of the exercise and the CV on either racetrack. Differences between measured and predicted blood lactate concentrations, based on track-specific lines of best fit, have potential application in field studies of fitness in Thoroughbred horses.     

吐温-80对液氮冷冻处理的双歧杆菌的冻伤保护

向双歧杆菌培养基中添加吐温-80，可增加双歧杆菌的细胞膜柔韧性和弹性。经液氮冷冻处理24h后，测定双歧杆菌细胞漏出液中乳酸脱氢酶的活力，结果表明添加吐温-80，可显著降低细胞培养液中的乳酸脱氢酶的漏出率（p〈0．05），其中以添加0．025％吐温-80的效果尤为明显。     

猪体恩诺沙星内服和肌注途径给药排泄规律的比较

给10头猪分别按体重5mg／kg单剂量内服和肌注恩诺沙星，采集自然排泄的猪粪、尿，用高效液相一荧光法测定恩诺沙星及其代谢产物环丙沙星浓度，计算采样间隔内单位时间药物排泄量占给药量的比例，比较2种不同给药途径原形药物和环丙沙星的排泄规律。结果显示，2种给药途径对恩诺沙星和环丙沙星总排泄量的影响不显著，仅对药物排泄量与时间之间的关系产生影响；2种给药途径的试验猪粪样中恩诺沙星的排泄量均高于尿样；内服与肌注给药后96h内，粪和尿中检出的环丙沙星分别占给药量的3．93％和4．02％，累积排泄的恩诺沙星和环丙沙星之和分别占给药量的9．89％（内服）和9．57％（肌注）。     

Catecholamine and cortisol responses of horses to incremental exertion

The responses of the plasma concentrations of catecholamines and cortisol in horses to varied relative intensities of exertion were examined. The plasma concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine increased significantly (p<0.05) with exertion. The plasma cortisol concentrations at relative work intensities of 48.3%±1.4%, 82.3%±2.0% and 99.6%±0.4% of VO_2max were 114%, 124%, and 126%, respectively, of those at rest, whereas the plasma epinephrine concentrations were 239%, 772% and 3483%, and the norepinephrine concentrations were 138%, 255%, and 1121% of the values at rest. There was a significant (p<0.0001) relationship between the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The blood lactate concentration and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly (p<0.0001) related, as were the relative work intensity (%VO_2max) and the plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations. The relationships between the plasma cortisol concentration and work intensity or blood lactate concentration were not significant (p>0.05). This study demonstrates a relationship between relative work intensity and indicators of adrenal medullary and sympathetic activity during brief exertion in horses.     

双向电泳结合蛋白质印迹技术分析猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶

为了研究猪囊尾蚴乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的表达,试验选择四川省雅江县呷拉乡猪带绦虫病患者,给其口服槟榔-南瓜子驱虫,收集、制备虫卵悬液(8万个/mL),再给3头20日龄三元杂交乳猪猪灌胃虫卵悬液,每头1 mL,40 d后收集、制备猪囊尾蚴蛋白,进行双向电泳(2-DE)分析,将凝胶蛋白斑点转移至聚偏氟乙烯膜(PVDF膜),用自制的大鼠抗猪带绦虫LDH血清作为一抗、健康大鼠血清作为阴性对照进行蛋白质印迹(Western-blotting)分析。结果表明:双向电泳凝胶共检测到(207±9)个蛋白质斑点,相对分子质量(Mr)为14 400～94 000,等电点(pI)为3.0～10.0;试验组特异性抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点为1个,阴性对照未见阳性杂交斑点;将Western-blotting检测的抗原抗体阳性杂交斑点与原双向电泳凝胶斑点进行比对,找到对应蛋白斑点,经ImageMaster 2D Platinum 5.0软件分析后初步确定该蛋白斑点的pI/Mr为7.03/35 368,与猪带绦虫LDH的pI/Mr理论推导值接近,说明猪囊尾蚴表达LDH。     

Evaluation of Joint Toxicity of Enrofloxacin and Three Antimicrobials on MRC-5 Cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined toxicity of enrofloxacin with each of three antimicrobials (ciprofloxacin,florfenicol and sulfamethazine).MRC-5 cells were used as a cell model to simulate the damage of lung cells caused by mixed contamination of antimicrobials.Multiple concentration gradients and mixing ratios were set.CCK-8 method was used to determine the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by four antimicrobials and the inhibition rate of cell growth caused by enofloxacin mixed with three antimicrobials,respectively.Then Chou-Talalay method was used to fit the median effect plot and to calculate the combination index (CI) value.The results showed that the growth inhibition rates of MCR-5 cells caused by four single drugs went up in a step-like manner with the increase of drug concentration in the tested concentration range,among them,the growth inhibitory rate of MCR-5 cells by florfenicol was low (<4.5%).The combined toxicity of the three binary combinations showed a concentration-dependent and mixing-ratio dependence.Mixing enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin showed synergistic toxicity (CI<1) on MRC-5 cells at high and middle concentration groups,and antagonistic toxicity (CI>1) at the very-low-concentration groups.Mixing ciprofloxacin and florfenicol mainly showed an inhibited toxicity (CI>1).Binary combination enrofloxacin and sulfamethazine might present either a synergistic joint toxicity (CI<1) or an antagonistic joint toxicity (CI>1) as the concentration and mixing ratio changing.This study showed that it was necessary to assess the combined toxicity of antimicrobials in the toxicity evaluation of antimicrobials.Using Chou-Talalay method,the joint toxicity of multiple antimicrobials could be quickly and efficiently determined at cellular level.     

聚苯乙烯-异氰尿酸树脂化合成乳酸酯

用交联聚苯乙烯-异氰尿酸树脂催化乳酸与正丁醇的酯化反应,发现虽然该树脂的酸性与羧酸相近,但能有效地催化酯化反应,并由此提出了氢键促进催化的反应机理.