中英携带和邮寄动植物产品名录比较研究

对中国和英国入境携带、邮寄动植物及其产品名录情况进行了比较,着重从法律依据、来源地、名录针对的产品类别、具体动植物及其产品的要求、管理机构和工作开展等方面进行了比较和分析。找出英国在进境携带物和邮寄物检疫方面的先进经验,针对我国禁止携带、邮寄进境的动植物及其产品名录执行过程中的问题与不足,结合实际情况提出几点建议。     

EVALUATION OF TWO OBJECTIVE METHODS TO OPTIMIZE KVP AND PERSONNEL EXPOSURE USING A DIGITAL INDIRECT FLAT PANEL DETECTOR AND SIMULATED VETERINARY PATIENTS

It is important to optimize digital radiographic technique settings for small animal imaging in order to maximize image quality while minimizing radiation exposure to personnel. The purpose of this study was to evaluate two objective methods for determining optimal kVp values for an indirect flat panel digital detector. One method considered both image quality and personnel exposure as endpoints and one considered only image quality. Phantoms simulated veterinary patients of varying thicknesses with lesions of varying sizes. Phantoms were exposed to a range of kVp values (60, 81, 100, and 121), using different mAs settings for each phantom. Additionally, all phantoms were exposed to a standard test exposure of 100 kVp/2.5 mAs. Scattered radiation was recorded and used as a measure of personnel exposure. When personnel exposure was considered, a figure of merit was calculated as an endpoint of optimization. The optimal kVp value for each phantom was determined based on the highest signal difference‐to‐noise ratio with or without inclusion of the figure of merit. When personnel exposure was not considered, increasing kVp resulted in higher signal difference‐to‐noise ratios and personnel exposure increased when both patient thickness and kVp increased. Findings indicated that a single standard technique of 100 kVp/2.5 mAs was only optimal for most medium‐sized patients. Images of thinner patients should be made with a lower kVp. Very large patients require a higher kVp than 100 regardless of the optimization method used. Personnel exposure from optimized techniques was low and not expected to exceed annual occupational dose limits.     

瘦素的分泌调节及其在动物生产中的应用

瘦素是由脂肪细胞分泌,由肥胖基因编码的一种蛋白质激素,也是一种免疫因子,可以调控动物摄食,体脂代谢,参与多种疾病的调节以及影响生殖和泌乳.文章综述影响瘦素分泌和基因表达的因素及其在动物生产上的应用.     

Genome Editing in Large Animals

Genome editing in large animals has tremendous practical applications, from more accurate models for medical research through improved animal welfare and production efficiency. Although genetic modification in large animals has a 30-year history, until recently technical issues limited its utility. The original methods—pronuclear injection and integrating viruses—were plagued with problems associated with low efficiency, silencing, poor regulation of gene expression, and variability associated with random integration. With the advent of site-specific nucleases such as TAL effector-like nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9, precision editing became possible. When used on their own, these can be used to truncate or knockout genes through nonhomologous end joining with relatively high efficiency. When used with a template containing desired gene edits, these can be used to allow insertion of any desired changes to the genome through homologous recombination with substantially lower efficiency. Consideration must be given to the issues of marker sets and off-target effects. Somatic cell nuclear transfer is most commonly used to create animals from gene-edited cells, but direct zygote injection and use of spermatogonial stem cells are alternatives under development. In developing gene editing projects, priority must be given to understanding the potential for off-target or unexpected effects of planned edits, which have been common in the past. Because of the increasing technical sophistication with which it can be accomplished, genome editing is poised to revolutionize large animal genetics, but attention must be paid to the underlying biology to maximize benefit.     

英文文献讲读在动物科学专业基础课教学中的应用

专业基础课介于基础课和专业课之间,是基础课与专业课之间的桥梁。专业基础课程作为提高人才培养质量和培养创新型人才的基础环节,起着举足轻重的地位。传统的专业基础课教学过于强调知识的灌输,内容讲解过细,容易造成学生依赖教师,惰于动脑,疏于创新。为持续促进了本课程教学水平的提高,本文以西北农林科技大学动物科学专业的专业基础课《动物遗传学》为研究对象,尝试通过导入高水平英文论文讲读教学环节,达到全面提高教学效果的目的,现将成效做以介绍。     

基层畜牧兽医动物防疫重点

现代畜牧养殖行业的快速发展,为基层经济建设和发展提供巨大动力,而做好相应的畜牧兽医动物防疫工作正是保障畜牧养殖业健康、良好发展的基础,能最大限度地保障养殖经济效益。该文围绕动物防疫技术、建设设施设备、完善制度规范、打造防疫队伍等方面,对基层畜牧兽医动物防疫工作的重点加以论述,但愿能为基层畜牧养殖防疫水平的提升提供有力支持。     

突出生态特色品牌 发展贵州省榕江县畜牧业

分析贵州省榕江县发展生态、特色、高效畜牧业的优势,并在此基础上提出突出生态特色品牌,发展榕江县畜牧业的几点建议。     

计算机技术在特种经济动物养殖业中应用的展望

计算机技术发展了几十年,其对各种数据准确、迅速的处理能力和延伸开发出来的各种功能为多数行业提供了有力的帮助,畜牧业也是如此。20世纪70年代以来,不断有学者开发各种软件应用于畜牧业的生产和加工,从而降低成本,提高生产效益。把在传统养殖业中已有一定应用基础的计算机技术与具有自身特点的特种养殖业结合起来,必然能取得令人满意的效果。本文对计算机技术在特种经济动物饲养中的应用进行展望。     

大力发展畜牧循环经济 走可持续健康发展之路

所谓循环经济，本质上就是运用生态学规律来指导人类社会的经济活动，力求资源的重复利用和消耗氧的污染物等排放最小化，实现经济发展与生态环境良性循环、相互促进的生产方式。本文以永靖县小岭乡为例，就我州近年来畜牧业循环经济的发展模式、主要措施进行了分析和探讨，提出了发展畜牧业循环经济必须以规模养殖为基础，以产业化经营为关键，以科技进步为支撑，以提高资源利用率、保护环境为根本的建议。