红小豆花芽分化与结实率的研究

2006-2007年对红小豆花芽分化与结实率进行了研究。结果表明:红小豆的营养生长和生殖生长并进时间长,花芽分化从出苗后6 d左右开始分化,分化时间长,分化小花多。小花分化进程与主茎叶片数之间具有同伸性。分枝和主茎不同叶位小花分化时期相互重叠,不同节位相同花位和同一节位不同花位小花分化有规律的进行。同一花序节位上的小花存在高节位滞育的问题,各节位小花脱落严重。     

京水菜花芽分化的形态解剖学研究

采用实体解剖和石蜡连续切片的方法对京水菜花芽分化过程进行了形态学上的观察研究。结果表明,京水菜花芽分化可分为花序分化期和花器官分化期。花序分化期生长点分化各级花枝,花枝形成后其上的花芽进入花器官分化期。花器官分化期由花萼分化期、花瓣分化期、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期组成。     

A comparison of genetic diversity and differentiation in five Chinese pines using cpSSR and AFLP markers

Gene diversity and genetic differentiation in five Chinese pines, Pinus henryi, P. tabulaeformis, P. yunnanensis, P. taiwanensis and P. massoniana, were compared using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple chloroplast sequence repeat (cpSSR). High genetic differentiation and median gene diversity with cpSSR markers were found both at population and species level, while median differentiation and higher gene diversity in AFLP data. Measures of subdivision that consider similarity between haplotypes offered better information on the geographic structure of plants than the standard subdivisions. Among several methods analyzed in AFLPs, the square root method provided downwardly biased estimates of the genetic parameters, while the Lynch and Milligan method over-estimated genetic diversity due to a small sample size. The Bayesian statistic was the most accurate and popular method for these dominant species and its value of species differentiation (θ ^B = 0.1035) was close to the parameter given by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). __________ Translated from Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2007, 27(12): 2385–2392 [译自: 西北植物学报]     

Genetic diversity of Lithocarpus harlandii populations in three forest communities with different succession stages

By using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, this paper studied the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Lithocarpus harlandii populations in three forest communities (coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest) with different succession stages in Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang Province. The results showed that a total of 173 repetitive loci were produced in 60 individuals of L. harlandii by 12 random primers, among which, 152 loci were polymorphic, and the total percentage of polymorphic loci was 87.86%. The average percentage of polymorphic loci of the populations was 65.32%, and their total genetic diversity estimated by Shannon information index was 0.4529, with an average of 0.3458, while that judged from Nei’s index was 0.3004, with an average of 0.2320. The percentage of polymorphic loci, Shannon information index, and Nei’s index of the populations were in the sequence of coniferous forest community > coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community > evergreen broad-leaved forest community. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 72.85% of genetic variance was found within the populations, and 27.15% of genetic variance resided among the populations. The coefficient of gene diferentiation was 0.2277, and the gene flow was 1.6949. The genetic structure of L. harlandii was influenced not only by the biological characteristics of this species, but also by the microenvironment of different communities. The mean of genetic identity among three populations of L. harlandii was 0.8662, and the mean of their genetic distance was 0.1442. The genetic similarity between coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest community and evergreen broad-leaved forest community was the highest, while that between evergreen broad-leaved forest community and coniferous forest community was the lowest. The unweighted pair group method with arithmeticmean (UPGMA) cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that conierous and broad-leaved mixed forest community first gathered with evergreen broad-leaved forest community, and then with coniferous forest community. __________ Translated from Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2007, 26(4): 509–514 [译自: 生态学杂志]     

山白树属雄蕊数目和形态的变异及其系统学意义？

该文利用扫描电镜法（SEM）研究了山白树属雄蕊的形态学特征,主要观察结果如下：多数情况下,雄蕊为5枚,其成熟花药有背腹之分,花药侧面纵向延伸的缝线在两端发生分叉;此外,还观察到4枚及6枚雄蕊的情况,有的雄蕊的花药在形态上没有背腹之分,呈四方柱状或扁平状,其侧面纵向延伸的缝线在两端不发生分又或者仅在基部的一侧发生分叉。研究结果,山白树属雄蕊在形态分化上处于不稳定的过渡阶段,表现出和“高等金缕梅类”的联系。     

m6A甲基化酶相关基因在牛骨骼肌生成中的表达

【目的】近年来,RNA m⁶A甲基化修饰在肌肉发育中的作用不断被发现,通过探究m⁶A甲基化酶相关基因,包括METTL3,METTL14,WTAP,FTO和ALKBH5,在牛肌肉组织以及骨骼肌卫星细胞(skeletal muscle satellite cells, SMSCs)增殖和分化过程中的表达,同时分析体外成肌分化过程中m⁶A甲基化水平的变化,为阐明m⁶A修饰在骨骼肌发育中的作用及机制提供参考。【方法】使用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术检测m⁶A甲基化酶相关基因在新生和成年牛不同部位骨骼肌中的表达。随后在秦川牛肉用新品系背最长肌中分离SMSCs,通过生长曲线、免疫荧光和RT-qPCR技术验证SMSCs的增殖和成肌分化功能,使用RT-qPCR检测m⁶A甲基化酶相关基因在SMSCs增殖期24、36、48、60、72 h和分化第0、2、4、6、8天中的时序表达谱。最后利用LC-MS/MS和Dot blot技术检测SMSCs分化过程中m^6...     

浙北某县域耕地土壤重金属空间分异特征、污染评价及来源分析

以浙江省北部某产粮县的267个耕地土壤样本的5种土壤重金属As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb为研究对象,综合运用结合GIS手段、单因素、内梅罗综合评价法以及改进模糊综合评价法,分析研究区土壤重金属污染的空间分异、污染评价以及来源分析。结果表明:As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Pb平均含量分别为8.17、0.211、67.03、0.224、37.26 mg·kg-1,均符合国家相应的土壤环境质量二级标准。土壤重金属半方差函数拟合块基比大小顺序为HgPbCdAsCr,其中Pb、Cd、As、Cr处于中等程度相关,Hg则表现出了较弱的空间相关性,受人类活动影响较大。该县土壤整体清洁,仅少数样点出现污染情况。这部分污染主要分布在县城周边,以Hg-Cd复合污染的形式存在,主要来源于工矿企业长期燃煤导致的粉尘挥发以及当地蓄电池产业发展所带来的负面影响。     

山羊Kruppel样转录因子家族在前体脂肪细胞分化中的表达模式及相关性分析

【目的】 优化山羊前体脂肪细胞体外培养体系,揭示Kruppel样转录因子家族（KLFs）成员在前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达模式。 【方法】 于四川省简阳大哥大牧业有限公司随机选取3只7日龄简州大耳羊为研究对象。放血致死并清洗后,在无菌环境中取其皮下脂肪组织。利用Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法获得其皮下前体脂肪细胞,待细胞长至细胞密度为80%时传代至6孔培养板中（F₃代）,以“150 μmol·L ^-1油酸+10 mg·L ^-1胰岛素”前体脂肪细胞进行成脂诱导,并在诱导分化后0 d、3 d、5 d、7 d收集细胞,Trizol法提取细胞总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR（RT-qPCR）检测KLF2-10, KLF 12和KLF15共11个KLF转录因子家族成员在不同分化阶段细胞中的表达水平,并利用皮尔逊系数分析各个成员mRNA总体表达水平之间的相关性。 【结果】 150 μmol·L ^-1油酸+10 mg·L ^-1胰岛素处理前体脂肪细胞24 h后细胞中开始出现小脂滴,48 h后脂滴数量增多、体积增大,诱导120 h后脂肪细胞分化程度显著增加。RT-qPCR结果显示,脂肪分化标志基因过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体γ（PPARγ）基因随着诱导分化的进行其表达水平持续上升,其中在第7天时其表达水平极显著高于其他各组（P＜0.01）。KLF2、KLF3、KLF4、KLF6、KLF7和KLF15在脂肪细胞中表达水平显著（P＜0.05）或极显著（P＜0.01）高于前体脂肪细胞中表达水平,其中KLF3、KLF6和KLF15在分化5 d时表达水平最高,KLF2和KLF4表达水平在7 d时最高,而KLF7则在3 d时表达水平最高;KLF5、KLF8、KLF9、KLF10和KLF12在前体脂肪细胞中的表达水平极显著高于分化后脂肪细胞中的表达水平（P＜0.01）,其中KLF8、KLF10和KLF12的表达水平均在5 d时达到最低,而KLF5和KLF9则在7 d时表达水平最低;相关性分析结果显示KLF家族各成员mRNA在山羊前体脂肪细胞分化过程中总体表达水平存在相关性,KLF12与6个基因具有较强的相关性,其次为KLF4和KLF9,分别与5个成员具有较强的相关性,而KLF2与其他基因均没有较强的相关性。 【结论】 明确了KLF家族在山羊前体脂肪细胞分化过程中的表达模式,解析了各个成员mRNA表达之间的相关性,为阐明山羊前体脂肪细胞分化的分子机制提供重要的基础数据。     

How plant density affects maize spike differentiation,kernel set,and grain yield formation in Northeast China?

A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant density on tassel and ear differentiation, anthesissilking interval(ASI), and grain yield formation of two types of modern maize hybrids(Zhongdan 909(ZD909) as tolerant hybrid to crowding stress, Jidan 209(JD209) and Neidan 4(ND4) as intolerant hybrids to crowding stress) in Northeast China. Plant densities of 4.50×104(D1), 6.75×104(D2), 9.00×104(D3), 11.25×104(D4), and 13.50×104(D5) plants ha~(-1) had no significant effects on initial time of tassel and ear differentiation of maize. Instead, higher plant density delayed the tassel and ear development during floret differentiation and sexual organ formation stage, subsequently resulting in ASI increments at the rate of 1.2–2.9 days on average for ZD909 in 2013–2014, 0.7–4.2 days for JD209 in 2013, and 0.5–3.7 days for ND4 in 2014, respectively, under the treatments of D2, D3, D4, and D5 compared to that under the D1 treatment. Total florets, silking florets, and silking rates of ear showed slightly decrease trends with the plant density increasing, whereas the normal kernels seriously decreased at the rate of 11.0–44.9% on average for ZD909 in 2013–2014, 2.0–32.6% for JD209 in 2013, and 9.7–28.3% for ND4 in 2014 with the plant density increased compared to that under the D1 treatment due to increased florets abortive rates. It was also observed that 100-kernel weight of ZD909 showed less decrease trend compared that of JD209 and ND4 along with the plant densities increase. As a consequence, ZD909 gained its highest grain yield by 13.7 t ha~(-1) on average at the plant density of 9.00×104 plants ha~(-1), whereas JD209 and ND4 reached their highest grain yields by 11.7 and 10.2 t ha~(-1) at the plant density of 6.75×104 plants ha~(-1), respectively. Our experiment demonstrated that hybrids with lower ASI, higher kernel number potential per ear, and relative constant 100-kernel weight(e.g., ZD909) could achieve higher yield under dense planting in high latitude area(e.g., Northeast China).     

玉米根际球孢白僵菌群体遗传多样性的ISSR分析

为了明确玉米根际球孢白僵菌的遗传分化情况及亲缘关系,通过ISSR-PCR分子标记技术对分离自玉米根际的球孢白僵菌的遗传多样性进行了研究。从40个引物中共筛选出11个多态性高、稳定性好的引物用于正式的扩增分析,在37个菌株中共扩增出83条谱带,其中多态性条带占69条,多态性百分率为83.13%。平均每引物扩增条带在7.5条。群体的多态位点百分率(PPL)为83.13%,Nei基因多样性指数(H)为0.316 9,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.465 7。结果表明,分离自安徽省涡阳、萧县、蒙城三个地区的球孢白僵菌具有较高的遗传多样性。研究结果对进一步探讨玉米根际球孢白僵菌不同菌株的生防效果具有重要意义。