降雨对海南坡鹿昼间行为节律的影响

2007年10月至2008年4月在海南大田国家级自然保护区文昌保护站,采用焦点动物取样法和全事件取样法逐日观察了海南坡鹿的昼间行为节律。结果表明,坡鹿在晴天有2个摄食高峰,雨天则出现4个摄食高峰;晴、雨天均出现2个反刍高峰与2个休息高峰,1个移动高峰。Mann-Whitney UTest法统计检验结果表明,在晴天,雄性坡鹿和雌性坡鹿反刍行为差异显著(P<0.05),休息与移动行为差异极显著(P<0.01),摄食和其他行为差异不显著(P>0.05);在雨天,雄性坡鹿和雌性坡鹿摄食、反刍、休息、移动和其他5个类型的昼间行为差异均不显著(P>0.05)。     

纤维素酶曲添加剂对鹿茸产量及饲料消化率的影响

先后分3批次,对176头梅花鹿进行了增茸试验。结果,添喂纤维素酶曲组比对照组,鹿茸产量分别提高17.38%、26.78%和31.81%,平均每头增产129g。试验组采食量比对照组低7.48%,饲料消化率随纤维素酶曲添加水平的提高而提高。粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的消化率在添喂纤维素酶曲70g/头组,分别提高9.48%(P<0.01.)、7.82%(P<0.05)和8.81%(P<0.01).试验组鹿茸氨基酸和无机元素含量都有增加的趋势。血清氨基酸除胱氨酸和组氨酸外,其它氨基酸试验组均有不同程度的提高,无机元素含量除锰外,其它元素试验组均高于对照组。     

茸鹿人工选育品种品系数量性状遗传参数的统计分析

对我国人工选育的梅花鹿和马鹿 6个品种品系的 2 0多个数量性状的遗传参数 ,进行了统计分析 ,结果表明 ,变异系数除鲜茸重的较高之外 ,其他很小 ;公鹿的留种率很低 ,茸重性状的选择差很大 ;遗传力和重复力均较高 ;世代间隔较短 ;鲜茸重的遗传进展和年改进量较大 ;梅花鹿种公鹿的种用年限较短 ,并明显低于马鹿的 ;梅花鹿品种品系间和马鹿亚种间杂交F1茸重性状和繁殖成活率性状的杂种优势率非常显著 (P <0 0 1 )。此项统计分析为茸鹿的优质高效育种、提高纯繁选育速度、杂种优势利用、杂交培育新品种和育种规化及模式提供了科学依据。     

西丰梅花鹿种公鹿茸重性状表型参数的统计分析

对西丰梅花鹿种公鹿茸重性状表型参数的统计分析 ,结果表明 ,生茸佳期为 3～ 8锯 ,生茸最佳年龄为 6锯 ,达 (5 0 2± 1 46)kg ,6锯的产茸量极显著高于 1～ 5锯的产茸量(P <0 0 1 ) ;1～ 6锯的种公鹿鲜茸重与年龄呈强正相关 (r =0 833,P <0 0 1 ) ,其线性回归方程为 y=1 350 +0 679x ;各锯别与产茸量间相关系数统计及显著性检验结果为 :1与 2锯 ,2与 3,4,5,6锯 ,3与 4,5,6锯 ,4与 6,7锯间呈极显著正相关 (P <0 0 1 ) ,其余各锯相关不显著(P >0 0 5)。此统计结果为早期选种、制定生产计划和任务、产茸量标准及是否符合种用性能提供了科学依据。     

Feeding habits of Hainan eldi’s deer

Hainan eldi’s deer is a precious species of deer in the tropic zone, it is regarded as the first-class animal under protection in China. Based on all-year-round observation on the deer’s feeding habit in the reserve from 1985 to 1988, we discovered that Hainan eldi’s deer is a euryphangous herbivore. They take various herbs as their main food and have fairly strong selectivity for woody plants, especially tending to cat the tender parts of plants and some fruits and flowers. Like other species of deer, they also like to lick the alkaline soil. This paper reports the research and evaluation on the feeding and choosing food characteristics of Hainan eldi’s deer, and on the palatability of the main plants in the reserve.     

鹿狂犬病病毒G基因主要功能区的序列分析

通过反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）扩增出了中国鹿狂犬病野毒株（８２０２株）糖蛋白（Ｇ）基因膜外主要功能区的２个片段，共约８００个ｂｐ（３７０～１１７９），含有可以诱导中和抗体的２个抗原决定簇的基因片段和决定毒力及与神经细胞受体结合部位的基因片段。通过平端连接将２个片段克隆到ｐＵＣ１８的ＳｍａⅠ位点，采用Ｓａｎｇｅｒ双脱氧终止法测定ｃＤＮＡ片段的核苷酸序列，并推导出其氨基酸序列。将这一序列与国内外已发表的１１株狂犬病病毒的相应序列输入计算机进行比较分析，结果表明８２０２株主要功能区与上述１１个毒株核苷酸序列的同源性在７３．０％～９６．４％之间，氨基酸序列的同源性在８６．４％～９４．４％之间，８２０２株与中国疫苗株无论是核苷酸序列还是氨基酸序列的同源性均最高，而与中国街毒（ＣＤＸ－１）的核苷酸序列同源性最低，与ＣＶＳ株的氨基酸序列的同源性最低。本研究对于进行狂犬病病毒的分子流行病学调查和研制鹿狂犬病基因工程苗具有重要意义     

Reproductive performance of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus) in New Zealand: V. Mob and individual-hind risk factors associated with calf rearing to weaning

A 2-year longitudinal observational study of 15 red deer farms was carried out in New Zealand from March 1992. Both years combined, 3364 adult and 653 yearling hinds were diagnosed pregnant in June by ultrasound scanning and monitored for reproductive success up to weaning. At weaning, pre-rut at approximately 100 days after calving, udders were palpated or observed by the farmer and hinds were categorised as lactating (wet) indicating survival of calf, or not lactating (dry). Farm management practices during calving and early lactation were recorded. Analysis of risk factors associated with progeny survival was done using path analysis (separately for adult and yearling hinds). Adult hinds >3 years old at calving, conceiving before 1 May and having a body-condition score >2 in September had 2.8, 2.4 and 2.9 times significantly higher odds of rearing a calf to weaning than other hinds, respectively. Adult hinds had about 5 times lower odds of rearing a calf to weaning when they were mixed with mature stags during calving. When farmers visited calving paddocks and checked for calving problems, adult hinds had 1.7 times higher odds of rearing a calf to weaning. When the farmer entered calving paddocks at least every second time they observed the hinds, yearling hinds had a twice higher odds of rearing a calf up to weaning. Sunny weather and high maximum temperatures were positively and negatively associated, respectively, with the probability of an adult hind being in lactation at weaning.     

鹿胆汁中氨基酸及微量元素的分析测定

应用日立—835氨基酸自动分析仪及Mark—Ⅱ800系列等离子体光量计,测出鹿胆汁中含有水解氨基酸17种,微量元素15种,其中含人体必需氨基酸9种,人体必需微量元素7种。     

如何提高白唇鹿幼仔的成活率

如何提高白唇鹿幼仔的成活率张林源（北京麋鹿生态实验中心）白唇鹿（Ｃｅｒａｕｓａｌｂｉｒｏｓｔｒｉｓ）是中国特产的珍贵动物，野生种群仅分布于西藏、青海、甘肃和四川等海拔３０００－５０００米的高山草甸地带。其生活环境气候严寒，干燥季长而温湿季短，气候垂直...     

圈养海南坡鹿的繁殖行为与粪样中孕酮含量的关系

利用放射免疫测定法测定了3只坡鹿粪便中孕酮含量的变化,观察记录了圈养坡鹿的繁殖行为。结果显示:圈养坡鹿繁殖行为具有明显的季节变化,如雄鹿的求偶行为、标记行为和雄鹿、雌鹿的性行为等在发情期表现明显。坡鹿怀孕及分娩前后,粪便中孕酮含量有明显的变化。怀孕前粪便中孕酮的含量维持在较低的浓度水平。怀孕后,孕酮含量明显上升。分娩后,孕酮含量迅速降至低浓度水平。粪便中孕酮含量的变化可以及时地反映坡鹿的生殖生理状况(包括发情、怀孕、分娩等)并作为早期妊娠诊断的依据。