Effects of Shading on Chlorophyll Content,Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Photosynthesis of Subterranean Clover

A field‐experiment (2004/2005 and 2005/2006 seasons) was conducted in the coastal plain of south‐eastern Sicily (37°03′N, 15°18′E, 15 m a.s.l.), on a Calcixerollic Xerochrepts soil, aimed at quantifying the effect of shading on chlorophyll (Chl) content, Chl fluorescence, photosynthesis and growth of subterranean clover. Four levels of photosynthetically active radiation reduction (from 0 % to 90 %) were tested on Trifolium brachycalycinum cv. ‘Clare’ and Trifolium subterraneum ecotype ‘Ragalna’. In both species shading progressively increased F_v/F_m, internal CO₂ concentration, diffusive leaf resistance and specific leaf area (up to 8 %, 34 %, 18 % and 68 %, respectively), and decreased Chl content, T_max, photosynthetic rate and plant dry weight (up to 9 %, 24 %, 79 % and 39 %, respectively). As plants aged, characteristic bell‐shaped trends were evident for photosynthetic parameters, with F_v/F_m increasing up until the onset of flowering, and thereafter declining. This implies that F_v/F_m may be a useful indicator of earliness in subterranean clover genotypes. The aboveground dry biomass response to shading was both genotype‐ and season‐dependent, but was predictable from the measurement of relative leaf Chl content. Moreover, our results suggest that an improvement in the interaction between host‐rhizobium may represent a major potential breeding target for enhancing subterranean clover tolerance to shading.     

连作晚稻三化螟为害损失与防治指标研究

三化螟幼虫在晚梗稻分蘖、圆秆、孕穗、破口期均能侵入,所形成的为害株数、为害类型和幼虫存活率与生育期有密切关系,为害丛、株增长呈S型曲线。分蘖期、孕穗—破口期引起丛、株为害率和损失率与卵块密度显著相关,每个卵块损失稻谷分别为59.11±2.99g、74.58±3.31g。考种结果表明,产量损失的主要原因是有效穗减少。在现有生产条件下,三化螟经济允许卵块密度为:分蘖期130—150块/666.7m~2,孕穗—破口期100—120块/666.7m~2;防治指标:分蘖期100—110块/666.7m~2,为害团50—60个/666.7m~2,丛为害率2.0％—3.0％,株为害率1.0％—1.5％。     

论乡村林业──中国乡村林业经营模式及其实施措施

乡村林业从它的生产场地和生产内容上看，是当前在中国农村兴起的庭园经济林的同义语，是农村建设的“绿色致富”工程．乡村林业的实施采用立地经营模式，因地制宜，建立商品基地；大力发展产品加工业，提高经济效益；建设好社会化服务体系，推进乡村林业依靠科技进步，向前发展。     

潜蝇姬小蜂幼虫空间分布型研究

本文应用Iwao和Tayla’s回归模型以及6个聚集度指标(C、CA、M^*、M^8／m、I、K),对蚕豆田潜蝇姬小蜂幼虫的空间分布型进行了研究。测定结果属聚集分布,为田间调查及保护天敌提供了依据。     

Spatial and temporal patterns of Lolium rigidum–Avena sterilis mixed populations in a cereal field

Through a detailed case study of a two‐species (Lolium rigidum and Avena sterilis) weed community at contrasting scales, this paper examined factors that affect weed distribution across space and time in a commercial wheat field in north‐east Spain. A. sterilis showed relatively stable spatial distribution and spatial structure of its population over time at large scale, with well‐defined patches, although weed density rose quickly. L. rigidum showed poorly defined patches that were not stable across time. Interaction between species could explain to some degree the spatial distribution at large scale: a negative relationship was detected between the spatial structures of both weed populations. At fine scale, both species showed a clear interaction effect from primary dispersal (more important in A. sterilis) and secondary dispersal from combine harvesting (more important in L. rigidum).     

天峻县北部地区畜牧业发展思考

天峻县北部地区因受气候干旱、鼠虫危害等因素的影响,畜牧业生产逐年下降,通过对存在问题的分析,提出了北部地区今后走退牧还草或休牧育草路子的设想。     

黄瓜连作对土壤微生物区系的影响Ⅰ——基于可培养微生物种群的数量分析

利用平板培养法对黄瓜连作根系微生物种群连续性变化进行了跟踪研究。结果表明,黄瓜连作导致土壤可培养微生物数量减少,其中细菌数量降低最为明显,对连作表现出较高的敏感性,根际根外细菌数目减幅分别在第三、四茬时达显著水平。放线菌数量对黄瓜连作反应较小,根际到第四茬减幅才达到了显著水平,而根外在连作四茬过程中均未达显著水平。黄瓜连作致使少数真菌种群富集,同时多种真菌类群数量减少,种群变化呈现单一化趋势。根际土壤微生物主要生理群分析表明,连作导致根际自生固氮菌与好气性纤维素分解菌数目明显下降,硝化细菌数量大幅增加,而氨化细菌数量变化不大。土壤酶活性测定结果表明,土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性随连作茬次增加而降低,脲酶活性稍有上升。     

不同复种方式下作物的粗蛋白和可消化干物质总产量比较

在南京对6种不同复种方式下作物的营养物质产量进行了比较研究,结果表明:多花黑麦草Lolium multiflorum粗蛋白总产量和可消化干物质总产量分别是小麦Triticum eastivum的1.45倍和1.26倍;杂交狼尾草Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum粗蛋白总产量和可消化干物质总产量平均值分别是水稻Oryza sativa的2.06倍和1.61倍;6种复种方式中,粗蛋白总产量和可消化干物质总产量以多花黑麦草-杂交狼尾草为最高,黑麦Secale cereal-杂交狼尾草其次.集约农区发展草食性畜禽养殖业以二季均种植牧草效率较高.     

甘肃生态农业的发展模式探讨

本文在简要分析甘肃农业发展的生态环境现实的基础上,提出了几种比较可行的生态农业发展模式。