2018年西安市牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学调查与防控对策

为全面了解2018年西安市牛羊布鲁氏菌病(Brucellosis,布病)的流行情况,采用虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)和试管凝集试验(SAT)对28901份牛羊血清样品进行检测和确诊。结果显示6997份牛血清样品中检出阳性样品150份,21904份羊血清样品中检出阳性样品140份,牛个体阳性率为2.14%,羊个体阳性率为0.64%,牛羊个体阳性率为1.00%。根据调查结果,提出布病防控的建议和对策。     

A Brucellosis Disease Control Strategy for the Kakheti Region of the Country of Georgia: An Agent‐Based Model

Brucellosis has been reported in livestock and humans in the country of Georgia with Brucella melitensis as the most common species causing disease. Georgia lacked sufficient data to assess effectiveness of the various potential control measures utilizing a reliable population‐based simulation model of animal‐to‐human transmission of this infection. Therefore, an agent‐based model was built using data from previous studies to evaluate the effect of an animal‐level infection control programme on human incidence and sheep flock and cattle herd prevalence of brucellosis in the Kakheti region of Georgia. This model simulated the patterns of interaction of human–animal workers, sheep flocks and cattle herds with various infection control measures and returned population‐based data. The model simulates the use of control measures needed for herd and flock prevalence to fall below 2%. As per the model output, shepherds had the greatest disease reduction as a result of the infection control programme. Cattle had the greatest influence on the incidence of human disease. Control strategies should include all susceptible animal species, sheep and cattle, identify the species of brucellosis present in the cattle population and should be conducted at the municipality level. This approach can be considered as a model to other countries and regions when assessment of control strategies is needed but data are scattered.     

补体结合酶联免疫吸附试验方法的建立

为改进免疫学诊断技术的准确性,研究了一种基于补体结合的免疫学检测新技术———补体结合酶联免疫吸附试验（CF-ELISA）。CF-ELISA技术采用酶标记抗菊糖纯化豚鼠补体C3抗体及其酶显色系统作为补体参与反应的指示系统,用ELISA方法进行补体结合试验。经对布氏菌病抗体检测的初步试验结果显示,CF-ELISA技术可检测到0.01 IU的布氏菌病抗体,灵敏度与间接酶联免疫吸附试验（iELISA）相当,是虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）试管凝集试验（SAT）的5 000倍、补体结合试验（CFT）的10 000倍。对349份确诊布氏菌病感染群牛、羊血清的检测结果显示,CF-ELISAi、ELISA、CFT、SAT、RBPT的阳性率分别为35.82%3、6.39%、31.81%、30.09%、36.1%,CF-ELISA与iELISA、CFT、SAT、RBPT的阳性符合率分别为：98.4%、88.8%、80.0%、90.6%。CF-ELISAi、ELISA、CFT、SAT、RBPT对490份布氏菌病阴性群牛、羊血清的阴性率分别为100%、99.6%、100%、99.4%、99.8%,CF-ELISA与iELISA、CFT、SAT、RBPT的阴性符合率分别为：99.6%1、00%、99.4%、99.8%。研究表明,CF-ELISA是具有高特异性和高敏感性的布氏菌病免疫学检测技术。     

Serologic Prevalence of Brucellosis in Horse Stables in Two Northern States of Nigeria

Despite the endemicity of brucellosis in Nigeria, reports on equine brucellosis are rare. The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) was used to determine the serologic prevalence of Brucella abortus antibodies amongst 75 horses from three stables in two States of northern Nigeria. The highest prevalence (22.7%) was recorded in stable C located in Plateau State and the lowest (6.7%) was found in stable B in Kaduna State. The overall prevalence determined was 14.7%. There is need for the inclusion of horses in brucellosis surveillance and control strategies in Nigeria to safeguard people at high risk.     

临夏州奶牛布鲁氏菌病的监测结果与分析

为了全面了解和掌握临夏州动物布病布鲁氏菌病感染和流行状情况,有效制定防控对策,确保人民群众身体和草食畜牧业的健康发展,于2015—2018年笔者对临夏州8县(市)开展奶牛布鲁氏菌病检测。通过实验室检测,对阳性畜及时扑杀,以检测扑杀相结合到逐步达到净化的目的。     

牛布鲁氏菌病防控研究进展

近年来布鲁氏菌病的发病几率呈不断上升的流行趋势,不仅给畜牧业造成重大经济损失,而且严重威胁人类的健康。对牛布鲁氏菌病的病原、流行病学、国内外综合防控措施等方面进行了综述,以期为牛布鲁氏菌病的防控提供参考。     

哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因外显子1和4多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性研究

试验旨在对哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因外显子1和4多态性与布鲁氏菌病的相关性进行研究。使用虎红平板凝集试验（RBPT）对试羊的血清进行血清学检测，参考GenBank中绵羊MHC ClassⅡ区DRB1基因序列（登录号：NC_040271.1），对其外显子1和4片段设计引物，采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术对230只哈萨克绵羊的DRB1基因进行多态性检测，分析其多态位点与哈萨克绵羊布鲁氏菌易感性之间的关系。RBPT检测发现66只哈萨克绵羊为布鲁氏菌感染阳性，阳性检出率为28.7%。外显子1片段存在一个SNP位点（F1-G22A），测序确定两种基因型（GG、GA），优势等位基因和基因型分别为G、GG，F1-G22A多态位点的易感基因型为GA。卡方检验表明，哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因F1-G22A多态位点与布鲁氏菌易感性的相关性不显著（P>0.05）。通过生物信息学在线软件分析得出，F1-G22A多态位点导致了RNA二级结构的改变和最小自由能的降低，引起了蛋白质二级结构的改变。DRB1基因外显子4片段未发现SNPs。由此得出，哈萨克绵羊DRB1基因F1-G22A多态位点与布鲁氏菌易感性可能存在一定的相关性。     

高原奶牛布鲁氏菌病的血清学调查

为了解青海省民和县奶牛布鲁氏菌病的分布和流行情况,净化布鲁氏菌病,对来自12个乡镇的10308份奶牛血清采用试管凝集反应试验(SAT)进行了血清学检测,检出阳性血清23份,阳性率为0.223%,表明青海民和地区存在奶牛布鲁氏菌的感染。     

基于系统多层次灰色关联熵的奶牛布鲁菌病风险评估

[目的]探究影响奶牛布鲁菌病风险评估的主要因素及其影响顺序。[方法]从饲养与调入、繁育、饲养环境、混养情况4个方面,设定了评价指标体系,选取3个有代表性的地区进行了调查,应用系统多层次灰色关联熵分析方法进行奶牛布鲁菌病风险评估。[结果]一级指标对奶牛布鲁菌病风险的影响顺序为:饲养与调入>饲养环境>混养情况>繁育;二级指标对奶牛布鲁菌病风险的影响顺序为:U32>U12>U11>U31>U21>U42>U43>U23>U22>U41;3个有代表性的地区奶牛布鲁菌病的风险水平为:A省份>B省份>C省份。[结论]该研究为合理评估不同地区的奶牛布鲁菌病风险水平提供了理论依据。     

北方三省区梅花鹿间布鲁氏菌病的流行病学调查

为了摸清布鲁氏菌病在我国北方吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古(东北部)三省区的流行、分布、危害程度等情况,在本调查中,以富有代表性的12个梅花鹿场共1014份血清样品作为研究对象,进行血清学(ELISA)检测,以期进一步为检疫、防疫部门制定防制措施提供科学的理论依据,以确保养鹿业的健康发展。