Identification of allele specific AFLP markers linked with bacterial wilt [Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) Yabuuchi et al.] resistance in hot peppers (Capsicum annuum L.)

Even though the bacterial wilt is identified as the most destructive disease in hot peppers world-wide, robust molecular markers that facilitate marker assisted selection are absent till date. Kerala Agricultural University (India) has released two hot peppers named Ujwala and Anugraha which show high level field resistance to this pathogen. The variety Anugraha was developed through backcross breeding between a high yielding but highly susceptible variety Pusa Jwala with the highly resistant Ujwala, using Pusa Jwala as a recurrent parent. Thus, Pusa Jwala and Anugraha are near isogenic lines (NILs) differing for the resistance to bacterial wilt only and the resistance is governed by a homozygous recessive (rr) gene action. The F₁s of Anugraha × Pusa Jwala were selfed to generate the segregating F₂ population. The F₂ population has been field screened, 10 highly susceptible and 10 most resistant plants were identified and DNA from these plants were bulked separately. Bulked segregant analysis with AFLP primer combination EcoACT + MseCAC was done using the DNA from donor parent Ujwala, susceptible parent Pusa Jwala, resistant parent Anugraha, bulked susceptible F₂ and bulked resistant F₂ plants. On resolution using capillary electrophoresis system in genetic analyzer, the AFLP products have yielded three polymorphic bands (103, 117, and 161 bp) which were linked with the resistant recessive allele and three polymorphic bands (183, 296, 319 bp) linked with the dominant susceptible allele of the bacterial wilt resistance gene. The results were confirmed through co-segregation analysis in most resistant and susceptible plants of F₂ segregating population.     

Efficacy of injection vaccines against Flavobacterium psychrophilum in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

Efficacy of mineral oil-based experimental injection vaccines against Flavobacterium psychrophilum were tested in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), under laboratory and field conditions. The vaccines consisted of formalin- or heat-inactivated whole bacterium cell preparations of two different serotypes (Fd and Th) or a combination of serologically different F. psychrophilum (Fd and/or Th and/or Fp(T);Th). Specific antibody responses against the bacterium in plasma and skin mucus were evaluated post-vaccination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Efficacy of the vaccinations was determined by challenge trials to F. psychrophilum with the vaccinated rainbow trout. Significantly higher antibody levels in plasma were detected in vaccinated fish compared with mock-vaccinated fish. Injection vaccination did not trigger specific antibody production in the skin mucus. Significantly higher survival of i.p. vaccinated fish compared with non-vaccinated fish was observed during the challenge. The results suggest that mineral oil-based injectable vaccines containing formalin- or heat-inactivated virulent cells of F. psychrophilum effectively triggered specific antibody production and protected the fish against bacterial cold water disease.     

Potential for pet animals to harbour methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus when residing with human MRSA patients

Colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may be persistent in people and is horizontally transmissible. The scientific literature suggests that domestic pets may also participate in cross-transmission of MRSA within households. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA carriage by pets residing in households with an MRSA-infected person. From 66 households in which an MRSA-infected patient resided, we screened 47 dogs and 52 cats using a swab protocol. Isolates from pets and humans were genotyped using two techniques and compared for concordance. Human participants completed a 22-question survey of demographic and epidemiologic data relevant to staphylococcal transmission. Eleven of 99 pets (11.5%) representing 9 (13.6%) of households were MRSA-positive, but in only six of these households were the human and animal-source strains genetically concordant. Human infection by strain USA 100 was significantly associated with pet carriage [OR = 11.4 (95% CI 1.7, 76.9); P = 0.013]. Yet, for each day of delay in sampling the pet after the person's MRSA diagnosis, the odds of isolating any type of MRSA from the pet decreased by 13.9% [(95% CI 2.6, 23.8); P = 0.017)]. It may be concluded that pets can harbour pandemic strains of MRSA while residing in a household with an infected person. However, the source of MRSA to the pet cannot always be attributed to the human patient. Moreover, the rapid attrition of the odds of obtaining a positive culture from pets over time suggests that MRSA carriage may be fleeting.     

不同种植方式大豆根际土壤细菌多样性分析

利用Illumina MiSeq第二代高通量测序平台, 对黑龙江省不同地区轮作及连作大豆根际土壤细菌16S rDNA基因组测序, 初步分析在不同种植方式下受大豆胞囊线虫侵染的大豆根际土壤细菌群落结构的变化。从6个土壤样本中共获得25 419个OTUs, 鉴定到细菌的47个门, 147个纲, 709个属。变形菌门、放线菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、浮霉菌门是供试土壤细菌的优势菌门, 占所有细菌群落总数90%以上。连作4年总OTUs及丰富度最高, 连作20年最低。不同轮作方式土壤细菌丰富度差异不显著(P > 0.05), 短期连作与长期连作细菌丰富度及多样性差异显著(P < 0.05)。不同轮作方式下放线菌门相对丰度低于连作方式, 芽单胞菌门和拟杆菌门相对丰度高于同地区连作方式。土壤功能细菌根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)、链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、溶杆菌属(Lysobacter)、土微菌属(Pedomicrobium)的相对丰度在不同年限连作下高于轮作。长期连作土壤优势细菌丰度与轮作土壤相似性更高。     

甘薯茎腐病菌的遗传多样性及致病力差异分析

为了解不同地区甘薯茎腐病菌Dickeya dadantii种群遗传多样性水平及致病力差异,采用重复序列PCR基因指纹(repetitive element palindromic PCR,REP-PCR)技术和薯片接种方法,对采自广东省、广西壮族自治区和重庆市的6个市区县的59株菌株进行分析。结果表明,5对引物对59株菌株扩增出41个清晰的条带,其中36个为多态性条带,每对引物的扩增条带数在4～10之间,平均为7.2。在物种水平上,有效等位基因数、Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数分别为1.4768、0.2801和0.4186,其中湛江种群多样性最高,南宁种群多样性最低;当遗传相似系数为0.79时,59株菌株可被划分为5个类群,类群划分与菌株来源地间有一定的相关性。此外,不同地区病菌种群间存在明显的致病力差异,其中合浦种群与湛江种群致病力最强,万州种群致病力较弱。表明甘薯茎腐病菌种群具有丰富的遗传多样性,不同地区的病菌种群存在明显的遗传多样性与致病力差异。     

水稻抗白叶枯病新基因Xa32（t）的鉴定和初步定位

通过多菌系接种鉴定及抗谱分析,并与目前国际上已知抗白叶枯病基因比较,证明在水稻抗源C4064中含有一个新的抗白叶枯病基因,暂命名为Xa32(t)。应用分离集团分析法(BSA),借助SSR和EST等分子标记,对该基因进行了分子标记定位。通过对F₂分离群体及F₃家系单株进行遗传连锁性检测,发现6个位于水稻第11染色体长臂末端的分子标记RM27256、RM27274、RM2064、ZCK24、RM6293和RM5926与Xa32(t)基因连锁。它们与Xa32(t)基因间的遗传距离分别为2.1、1.0、1.0、0.5、1.5和2.6 cM。其中标记RM6293和RM5926位于染色体近端粒一侧,其他4个标记RM27256、RM27274、RM2064和ZCK24位于基因的另一侧。将Xa32(t)定位在水稻第11染色体长臂末端2.0 cM范围内。     

高产池塘养殖鱼细菌污染的季节变化

高产池塘养殖鱼细菌污染的季节变化陶妍，骆肇荛（上海水产大学，２０００９０）关键词养殖鱼类，高产池塘，细菌污染，鲜度，季节变化ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＳＥＡＳＯＮＡＬＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＩＮＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＡＬＣＯＮＴＡＭＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＩＳＨＣＵＬＴＵＲＥ...     

抗玉米赤霉烯酮毒素单链抗体-碱性磷酸酶融合蛋白的表达

根据抗玉米赤霉烯酮毒素单链抗体的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱密码子,用重叠延伸PCR法合成了单链抗体的重链和轻链,经（Gly4Ser）2Linker连接,获得完整的单链抗体基因ZEN2 scFv。将ZEN2 scFv与碱性磷酸酶（AP）编码序列连接形成融合蛋白基因ZEN2 scFv-AP,构建到pET载体,转化大肠杆菌菌株BL21（DE3）,经IPTG诱导表达及亲和层析纯化,在SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析中均检测到1条分子质量为75 ku的可溶性蛋白条带,ELISA分析证实,细菌表达的ZEN2 scFv-AP融合蛋白具有碱性磷酸酶活性。这一研究结果为建立快速、灵敏、经济的玉米赤霉烯酮毒素的ELISA检测奠定了基础。     

赫章县烟草根茎病害发生情况调查初报

对赫章县烟草黑胫病、青枯病、根结线虫病的发生情况进行了调查,结果表明:3种病害在赫章县轻度发生,大多数烟草品种发病不严重,但零星的发病也应引起重视,加强监测和防治,以免病害扩展造成严重危害.     

防治棉花黄萎病生防菌的筛选及其防治效果评价

研究采用平皿对峙和促生实验相结合的筛选方法,从棉花根际土壤中分离到282株细菌,加上实验室筛选获得的对番茄有防病促生作用的21株细菌进行抑菌活性测定,共获得对棉花黄萎病菌有拮抗作用并能够有效促进棉花发芽和生长的菌株10株.通过盆栽和小区试验筛选,获得了5株对棉花黄萎病有良好防治效果的拮抗细菌,分别为S44、S258、S128、S37、S171,对棉花黄萎病的田间相对防效分别为38.53;、60.29;、39.58;、32.75;和37.02;,而化学农药福多甲的防治效果仅为28.34;.同时5株生防菌均能促进棉花生物量的增加.