架子牛育肥精料配方筛选

试验研究了4种不同的精饲料配方对架子牛进行育肥。结果表明,试验 、 和 组日增重分别高于试验 组174g(P<0.01)、295g(P<0.01)和66g(P<0.01),试验 、 和 组之间日增重差异不显著(P>0.05)。从日增重、投入产出综合分析, 组经济效益最高,依次是 组和 组。     

基于惩罚型变权模型的土地生态安全评价及障碍因子分析——以鄂州市为例

土地生态安全是城市土地可持续利用的重要基础。本研究从驱动力-压力-状态-影响-响应五个方面构建了鄂州市土地生态安全评价的指标体系,采用基于惩罚型变权的综合评价模型和障碍度模型,对鄂州市2005~2013年的土地生态安全进行评价。结果表明,1鄂州市2005~2013年土地生态安全总体上由中警向轻警状态转变并逐渐趋于平稳,但2013年仍处于较低水平的轻警状态,土地生态安全仍面临威胁。2依据准则层诊断分析,最大障碍因子在2009年由系统压力转变为系统响应;依据指标层诊断分析,环保污染治理投资额占GDP比重、人均耕地面积及万元GDP能耗为三大障碍因子。该评价结果基本反映了鄂州市土地生态安全的变化状况,说明构建的评价指标体系和评价模型是可行的。     

Influence of allelic prolamin variation and localities on durum wheat quality

Thirty-seven varieties of a Mediterranean durum wheat collection grown in Tunisia and Spain were analysed for their allelic composition in prolamins, as well as their protein concentration, sodium dodecyl sulphate sedimentation (SDSS) test and mixograph parameters. Genotype was a greater source of variation in all measurements than locality. Uncommon high and low molecular glutenin subunits (HMW-GS and LMW-GS) were found (V and 2•• subunits at Glu-A1, 13 + 16 at Glu-B1, 5* subunit and ax allele at Glu-A3). The rare combinations 2 + 4+14 + 18 and 8 + 9+13 + 16+18 subunits at the Glu-B3 locus were found. Glu-A3ax had a positive influence on SDSS and mixograph parameters. Of all the prolamins, those that have the B-LMW-GS composition aaa (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d gave the best semolina quality. By contrast, semolina quality is poor when this same composition is associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e and even poorer when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1f. In addition, the cultivars with B-LMW-GS allelic composition aab (for Glu-A3, Glu-B3 and Glu-B2 loci, respectively), when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1d, gave high quality, whereas when associated with the Glu-A1c and Glu-B1e or with Glu-A1o and Glu-B1f, the quality was very poor.     

不同日粮组成下育成母羊饲喂效果及效益比较

为探讨饲喂苜蓿（Medicago sativa）干草、羊草（Leymus chinensis）和玉米（Zea mays）青贮与单纯饲喂玉米秸秆相比,对育成母羊增重、饲料转化效率和经济效益的影响。选取体重、年龄相近,健康的育成母羊20只,随机分成4组,每组5只,分别饲喂不同种类粗饲料日粮,精粗比为40：60。结果表明：与粗饲料单纯为玉米秸秆（100%）相比,苜蓿干草（50%）+羊草（50%）组日增重提高11.11%,饲料转化效率不明显,增收也不明显;苜蓿干草（33.3%）+玉米青贮（33.3%）+羊草（33.3%）组日增重可提高30.72%,饲料转化效率提高 18.16%,每天每只增收0.54 元;苜蓿干草（50%）+玉米青贮（50%）组日增重可提高83.01%,饲料转化效率提高 40.74%,每天每只增收可达1.91 元。表明,饲喂苜蓿干草（50%）+玉米青贮（50%）时,育成母羊增重、饲料转化效率、以及经济效益都能达到最好的状态。     

Effectiveness of strategic anthelmintic treatments in the control of gastrointestinal nematodes and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fasciola gigantica</Emphasis> in cattle in Iringa region,Tanzania

A longitudinal field trial was conducted to determine the effectiveness of strategic anthelmintic treatments in the control of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes and Fasciola gigantica in cattle. A total of 167 cattle (6–18 months) from three large-scale dairy farms, four traditional farms and nine small-scale dairy farms were randomly selected. The selected animals on each farm were ear tagged and allocated into three groups based on live weight and treated as follows: Group T4 was treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg four times a year (mid rainy, end of the rain, mid dry and late dry/early rainy season). Group T2 was treated with albendazole 10% drench at 10 mg/kg two times a year (mid rainy and late dry/early rainy season). Group UT remained as untreated control. Faecal, blood and pasture samples were taken every month for 13 months. In addition, individual body weight (BWT) was measured on every sampling date. Results showed that two and four strategic treatments significantly reduced faecal egg counts (FEC) by 49.5% and 62.3% respectively compared to untreated control animals (P < 0.001). Two and four strategic treatments per year significantly reduced the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces by 30.6% and 51.7% (P < 0.001), respectively. Animals treated two and four times a year significantly outgained untreated animals by 14.8 kg and 17.7 kg respectively at the end of the trial (P < 0.05). The management system had a significant effect on packed cell volume and the proportion of animals passing Fasciola eggs in faeces (P < 0.05). The programme of two strategic treatments per year was only effective in controlling GI nematodes. It is concluded that a programme of four strategic treatments per year was effective in controlling GI nematodes and F. gigantica and improved weight gain.     

淮北小麦灌浆特性及与气象条件的关系研究

通过小麦灌浆动态与气候条件的平行观测分析,探讨淮北小麦灌浆特性和气候因素对灌浆速率的影响。结果表明:小麦千粒重增长呈慢—快—慢的变化趋势,灌浆速率最大值出现在开花后16~18 d,千粒重增长可用Logistic生长曲线拟合,灌浆速率可用二次多项式模拟。小麦相对灌浆速率与灌浆期间的平均温度、最高温度、最低温度和平均水气压呈抛物线关系,过高过低对小麦灌浆均不利;与气温日较差和日照时数呈正相关。日平均气温在16.9~23.5℃,日照时数多,气温日差较大,对小麦灌浆有利。生产上既要重视前期管理,使麦株个体健壮,群体合理,贮存较多有机物质;又要重视后期管理,养根保叶,增加光合产物。     

不同高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基小麦品种（系）的粒重增长特性分析

为给小麦高产优质育种提供参考,以黄淮麦区35个主栽小麦品种（系）为材料,利用SDSPAGE电泳技术对其进行了高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基鉴定,并对各参试品种的灌浆特性进行了分析。结果表明,35个黄淮麦区小麦品种（系）中 GluA1、GluB1和 GluD1位点分别只有2、5和4种亚基类型,分别以Null、7+9和2+12亚基为主,所占比例分别为71.4%、45.7%和62.7%。依据 GluB1和 GluD1位点的亚基特点,将参试品种（系）分为三类。对这三类品种（系）的灌浆期粒重增长特性分析发现,第I类（亚基组合：7+8/2+12）品种（系）灌浆速率较快,最终粒重较高;第II类（亚基组合：7+9/2+12）品种灌浆持续时间较长,但灌浆速率不及第I类,最终粒重较高;第III类（亚基组合：7/5+10或7+8/5+10）品种（系）灌浆持续时间较短,且灌浆速率较慢,最终粒重不高。三类品种（系）相比,粒重增长速率在灌浆前期基本相同,但35 d以后,第III类品种（系）粒重增长速率明显减慢,这可能是导致其最终粒重显著低于前两类品种（系）的主要原因。     

杏鲍菇培养阶段基质理化特性变化的研究

对杏鲍菇工厂化生产中的培养阶段进行跟踪观察,初步分析了瓶栽杏鲍菇培养期间基质的理化特性变化情况。结果表明：杏鲍菇培养至25-30d时菌丝发满,基质含水量、呼吸产生的CO2量最大;基质pH在菌丝生长阶段前期下降较快,后期基本维持稳定;适宜的后熟时间能提高杏鲍菇的产量和品质。     

多功能轻小型灌溉机组水力性能试验研究

多功能轻小型灌溉机组是一种新型灌溉机组,具有喷灌和软管灌溉两种灌水方式,满足了不同作物在不同生育期对水分的要求。该喷水车安装有高度调节装置,始终使灌水器处于最佳灌水高度,克服了受风影响较大的弱点,减少了灌溉水分的漂移损失,提高了灌水均匀度和利用效率。在试验室内通过对该机组水力性能试验研究,结果表明,该机组在喷灌方式下灌水均匀度要好于软管灌溉;机组行进速率在不同档位下随压力增大而增加。