浅谈口蹄疫灭活疫苗的生产工艺

灭活疫苗仍然是当前防控口蹄疫使用的主要疫苗,因此研究灭活疫苗生产工艺具有非常重要的现实意义。详细论述了口蹄疫灭活疫苗生产过程,并对近年来生产工艺方面的一些研究进展做了简要介绍。     

Microbial intervention for better fish health in aquaculture: the Indian scenario

Aquaculture has evolved as the fastest growing food-producing sector and developed as an important component in food security. To keep a sustainable growth pattern, health management strategies must go beyond antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, which create resistant bacteria and immunosuppression in the host. Besides development of drug resistant bacteria and pathogens, the adverse effect of antibiotics is caused by their influence on the aquatic microflora, and the retention of harmful residues in aquatic animals. On the other hand, the microbes with their unique structure and cell wall components can trigger immunity, and thus exposure plays an important role in the evolution. Microbial intervention through an environmentally friendly approach is an alternative method of health management. India is endowed with a bounty of varied climatic conditions, microbial diversity and fish fauna and aquaculture systems offering challenges in biological and environmental pursuits. Producing about 4.4% of world’s fish and ranking third in global fish production, India trades about 2.4% in global fish market with the annual export earning being over $1311 million. Use of microbes for beneficial purposes is increasingly recognized as a valuable input for sustainable and responsible aquaculture. Microbial intervention in aquaculture can be broadly water/environment based through bioaugmentation, biostimulation, biocontrol measures, or (to generate) host response through probiotics, immunostimulants, and vaccines. Also, application of molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid techniques are making increasing inroads into aquatic microbiological research in India. This paper elucidates all these aspects of microbial intervention in aquaculture, high-lighting Indian research and accomplishments.     

新型传染性法氏囊病疫苗研究进展

传染性法氏囊病（IBD ）病毒变异株及超强毒株的频频出现使IBD 常规疫苗的免疫失败不断发生。因此,发展更为有效、安全的新型疫苗己成为迫切需要。本文就近年来新型传染性法氏囊病疫苗研究进展作以综述。     

2009甲型H1N1流感病毒的研究综述

2009年4月初,出现1种新型甲型（H1N1）流感病毒,并通过人—人传播蔓延全球,文章介绍了该病毒的分类与宿主范围,并对其病毒学及分子特征进行了概述,最后指出加强对猪群中流行的流感病毒监管的必要性及研制通用疫苗的重要性。     

Vaccination of cattle against bovine schistosomosis: current status and future prospects: a review

Bovine schistosomosis, caused by Schistosoma bovis, constitutes a serious veterinary problem in many parts of the world. The vaccination approaches for the control of bovine schistosomosis include the use of irradiation-attenuated S. bovis cercarial or schistosomular vaccines, S. bovis adult worms or whole-egg antigens and defined antigen vaccine. Irradiated S. bovis cercarial or schistosomular vaccines provide partial protection against S. bovis infection. However, this type of vaccine requires live infectious cercariae or viable schistosomula for induction of protection. Unfortunately, experimental immunizations with dead schistosome antigens have been largely unsuccessful. The surge of new techniques in cellular immunology and molecular biology has made possible the development of potential candidate vaccine antigens from various species of schistosomes including S. bovis. The efficiency of these vaccines has been evaluated in experimentally infected calves. These vaccines will probably replace the irradiated S. bovis vaccines. A broad-spectrum antischistosome vaccine which can kill a variety of human and animal schistosome species is yet to be produced.     

The exploitation of the genome in the search for determinants of virulence in Streptococcus uberis

Despite much success in the control of mastitis in dairy cattle, intramammary infection with Streptococcus uberis remains a threat to herd health. This organism is a frequent cause of mastitis worldwide. Recent advances in the ability to genetically manipulate this bacterium, coupled to the determination of a representative genome sequence have already enabled the investigation of certain aspects of disease pathogenesis. Further use of such technology coupled to reliable models of disease and post-genomic analysis will permit the elucidation of further interactions between pathogen and host. This additional information can be usefully targeted at identification of candidates for inclusion in effective vaccines. This communication reviews the current, reported progress using this technology for S. uberis.     

Experimental study of antitumor immunity of DC/C6 fusion vaccine

AIM:To study the anti-tumor effect and mechanism of fusion vaccine on DCs and C6 glioma cells. METHODS:PEG was used to fuse DCs with C6 glioma cells. Immunofluorescence with GFAP-FITC was used to identify the DC/C6 fusion cells. Rat brain glioma models were made by stereotactic technique. After 5 days of inoculation of C6, 107 fusion cells were injected through tail vein in group A. The same number of DCs and the same volume of PBS were used in group B and group C. The survival time of rats in these three groups was analyzed by Log-rank survival analysis. Tumor samples were checked by HE staining and immunohistochemical staining with CD8Mcab. RESULTS:Positive result of GFAP-FITC immunofluorescence was observed in DC/C6 fusion cells. The Log-rank survival analysis showed that statistically significant difference in group A was observed compared to that in group B and group C (P<0.01). Tumor sample stained with HE showed that many inflammatory cells infiltrated in tumor tissues. The result of immunohistochemical staining with CD8Mcab was positive. CONCLUSION:DC/C6 fusion cells had the ability of antigen presentation and activating T lymphocytes effectively. CD8⁺T lymphocytes play an important role in antitumor immunity.