覆盖液态地膜对烟田土壤温度及烤烟生长的影响

在湖南省浏阳烤烟栽培中,进行了液态地膜覆盖栽培技术试验应用,结果表明,新型土壤结构调理剂—液态地膜在地面所形成的黑色胶结膜,在地膜覆盖期能有效地起到增温保温作用,0￣20cm耕层土壤温度较露地栽培提高0.7,且对烤烟的生长有一定的促进作用。     

Comparative development of mouse tooth germs transplanted in subrenal capsule and oral submucosa

AIM: To compare 2 environments, the subrenal capsule and oral submucosa, for producing well-formed teeth from mouse tooth germs and for exploring the ideal environment for tooth regeneration. METHODS: Two groups were set up. Group A was transplanted with the mouse embronic day (ED) 14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the subrenal capsule, while group B was transplanted with the ED14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the oral submucosa. After 3 weeks and 4 weeks, the host mice were sacrificed, and the transplanted explants were evaluated with morphologic observation, histological structures, hardness and elastictic modulus tests, and chemical compositions. RESULTS: (1) The explants isolated from both environments showed the tooth-like structures, but as to the group B, the crown was smaller, and the shape of the cusps was not significant. (2) HE staining showed that the dentin and enamel in group A were thicker than those in group B in which the ameloblasts and odontoblasts were differentiated not very well. (3) In the test of enamel hardness, only the hardness of 4 weeks in group B was lower than normal mouse tooth. In the test of enamel modulus, the elastic modulus of enamel in 3 weeks of group A was slightly lower than normal mouse tooth, but the difference was not significant.The elastic modulus of enamel in 4 weeks of group A and group B was significantly lower than normal mouse tooth and 3 weeks of group B. The hardness and elastic modulus of dentin in 3 groups was not significant. (4) Raman spectroscopy showed 2 groups grew in harmony in general, they all had the largest peak in the point of 961 cm^-1, but the 3 weeks of group B had an obvious peak in the point of 2 947 cm^-1. CONCLUSION: For the development of ED14.5 tooth germs, we obtain almost the whole tooth in subrenal capsule transplantation after 3 or 4 weeks. The buccal submucosa environment still has a certain influence on the tooth germ development, although there are some differences about the tooth development between this environment and subrenal capsule environment.     

The effect of aqueous extract of gross and commercial yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on intra-abdominal and epididymal fat and glucose levels in male Wistar rats

This study analyzed the plasma lipid profile, glucose levels and fat deposits in male rats treated with aqueous extract of gross yerba mate, commercial yerba mate or water. Yerba mate treatment did not change body weight gain and lipid profile. The consumption of gross yerba mate significantly increased blood glucose (6.6 mmol/L) as compared to the water (4.8 mmol/L) and commercial group (5.2 mmol/L) and decreased epididymal and intra-abdominal deposits (10.1 mg/g and 23.7 mg/g of weight) as compared to the water (15.4 mg/g and 36.9 mg/g of weight) and commercial group (12.5 mg/g and 28 mg/g of weight). The results suggest that gross yerba mate reduces fat more efficiently but produces a greater increase in blood glucose when compared to commercial yerba mate and water groups.     

Initial results from long-term field studies at three sites on the effects of heavy metal-amended liquid sludges on soil microbial activity

In a long‐term study of the effects on soil fertility and microbial activity of heavy metals contained in sewage sludges, metal‐amended liquid sludges each with elevated Zn, Cu or Cd concentrations were applied over a 3‐year period (1995–1997) to three sites in England. The experiments were sited adjacent to experimental plots receiving metal‐rich sludge cakes enabling comparisons to be made between the effects of heavy metal additions in metal‐amended liquid sludges and sludge cakes. The liquid sludge additions were regarded as ‘worst case’ treatments in terms of likely metal availability, akin to a long‐term situation following sewage sludge additions where organic matter levels had declined and stabilised. The aim was to establish individual Zn (50–425 mg kg^?1), Cu (15–195 mg kg^?1) and Cd (0.3–4.0 mg kg^?1) metal dose–response treatments at each site, but with significantly smaller levels of organic matter addition than the corresponding sludge cake experiments. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in soil respiration rates, biomass carbon concentrations or most probable numbers of clover Rhizobium between the treatments at any of the sites at the end of the liquid sludge application programme. Soil heavy metal extractability differed between the metal‐amended liquid sludge and metal‐rich sludge cake treatments; Zn and Cd extractabilities were higher from the liquid sludge additions, whereas Cu extractability was higher from the sludge cake application. These differences in metal extractability in the treated soil samples reflected the contrasting NH₄NO₃ extractable metal contents of the metal‐amended liquid sludges and sludge cakes that were originally applied.     

Isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of hydrolysing the herbicide mefenacet

Three strains—Nocardioides sp. MFC-A, Rhodococcus rhodochrous MFC-B, and Stenotrophomonas sp. MFC-C—were newly isolated from rice soil or bark compost as microorganisms capable of cometabolically degrading mefenacet (2-benzothiazol-2-yloxy-N-methyl-acetanilide). Several other species belonging to the genera Nocardioides, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas were also capable of degrading mefenacet, suggesting that the ability is not specific to these isolates, but common at least in these genera. N-methylaniline and 2-benzothiazoloxy acetic acid were identified as the metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Besides mefenacet, the isolates could degrade one or more other amide pesticides, such as flutolanil, mepronil, metolachlor, and pretilachlor. These results indicate that the strains Nocardioides sp. MFC-A, Rhodococcus rhodochrous MFC-B, and Stenotrophomonas sp. MFC-C degrade mefenacet via hydrolysis of the amide bond, but their substrate specificities differ.     

Influence of liquid cattle manure on reduction processes in soil

Summary Reduction processes in cultivated soil during the decomposition of liquid cattle manure were studied in laboratory experiments. Anoxic slurries of soil and manure in different proportions or alone were followed over 5 weeks. Upon NO _inf3 ^sup- depletion, ferrous Fe appeared in solution in soil-manure slurries. Sulfide levels were generally low in the presence of both soil and manure, probably because of precipitation by Fe²⁺; Fe thereby counteracted the production of free hydrogen sulfide. Methane formation was the quantitatively most important electron sink under prolonged anoxic conditions. When extra sulfate was added to soil-manure slurries, the concentration of Fe²⁺ remained low and less methane was produced. The detection of Fe²⁺ was examined in a model system with a gel-stabilized soil-manure mixture sandwiched between two soil phases with a water content near field capacity. Large methodological problems made it impossible to quantify Fe²⁺ in this oxic-anoxic environment, but the results indicated that reducing conditions were maintained in the manure-saturated zone for the 20-day period of this experiment.     

多孔菌发酵代谢物的抑菌活性研究

用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分别从多孔菌(Polyporus variusPers.:Fr.)摇瓶发酵液的上清液和菌丝体中提取生物活性物质,然后分别对不同细菌和植物病原菌进行抑菌活性的测定。试验结果表明,发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌和大肠杆菌;菌丝的乙酸乙酯提取物对大肠杆菌的抑制作用较强;而菌丝的正丁醇提取物对5种植物病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。     

"性别控制液"在奶牛繁殖上的应用

利用性别控制液对奶牛进行性别控制,试验组产母犊率56.25％,对照组48.15％,χ~2检验差异不显著(p>0.05),说明此性别控制液时提高奶牛后代母犊率没有显著影响。     

液体肥料施用过程中喷头流量均匀度影响因素的研究

液体肥料的发展前景广阔.液体肥料施用装置的研究成为当务之急.液体肥料在施用过程中流量均匀度又是一个很重要的因素.因此本文运用液体肥料施用装置试验台对喷头流量影响因素作了三因素二次回归正交旋转试验,通过对试验数据的处理和分析,得出了液体肥料的浓度、电机转速及喷头口直径大小对喷头流量的影响规律及主次关系,即三者对喷头流量的影响由大到小为电机转速、喷头口直径、液体肥料的浓度.     

液膜果袋在石榴上的应用效果

石榴生产中存在果实感病较多,果面光洁度、色泽较差及农药残留量高等问题,套纸袋和塑膜袋各有缺点,为了探索新的套袋途径,对液膜果袋和纸制果袋、塑膜袋进行了对比试验。结果表明,喷施液膜果袋后的石榴果实比套纸袋、塑膜袋及对照的感病率低,果实着色指数及果面光洁度较高,单果重增加,果实六六六残留量低于套纸袋和塑膜袋。