复方中药提取物在新城疫B_1株免疫中的免疫增强作用

用自制的中药提取物与新城疫Ｂ１株混合后免疫５５日龄鸡，以血凝抑制试验测定新城疫抗体效价。结果表明，５５日龄鸡的中药提取物最佳用量为１．０ｍＬ，试验组鸡ＮＤ抗体效价明显高于对照组。免疫后６０ｄ用Ｆ４８Ｅ８新城疫强毒进行攻击，试验组的保护率达到１００％，而对照组相对较低。     

基于R语言的中国柑橘主要病虫害空间分布图

运用R语言的G IS功能包生成了中国柑橘主要病虫害的空间分布图,结果发现:中国柑橘主要病虫害呈现出各种不同的空间分布规律,其形成的原因除了病虫害本身的生物学特性外,还与气候因子的空间规律有关;R语言生成的病虫害空间分布图直观明显,作图质量较佳。     

贵州中药材淫羊藿病虫害种类调查

2010～2012年采用定点踏查、普查和定时系统调查的方式对贵州淫羊藿中药材的病虫害种类进行了调查。结果表明,贵州淫羊藿共有常见病虫害12种,其中病害主要为淫羊藿叶褐斑枯病(Macrophoma sp.)、淫羊藿皱缩病毒病、淫羊藿锈病(Puccinia sp.)、淫羊藿白粉病(Oidium sp.)、淫羊藿生理性红叶病和淫羊藿根肿病(Plasmodiophora sp.);虫害为中华稻蝗(Oxya chinensis)、短额负蝗(Atractomorpha xinensis)、淫羊藿尺蠖和沫蝉;其他2种为螨类和鼠害。     

臭椿花叶病病原病毒的研究

从出现花叶症状的臭椿上分离到一种线条状病毒,经过生物学特性、病毒粒体形态、血清学及超薄切片等方面的研究,确定为马铃薯Y病毒组病毒。     

Insect herbivores and pathogens of Alnus species in Uganda

Published documentation of insect pests and pathogens associated with Alnus species in Africa is very scarce. We surveyed damaging insects and pathogens, and arthropod natural enemies on Alnus acuminata and A. nepalensis in Kabale and Mbale districts, Uganda between March 1999 and August 2000 in order to identify the range and relative abundance of arthropods and pathogens associated with the Alnus species. Frequently encountered damaging insects on the Alnus species included Apis mellifera, Apion globulipenne, a Systates sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Phymateus viridipes, a Lobotrachelus sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Coloborrtics corticina and some Chrysomelidae. Some species such as Aphis fabae, Parastictococcus multispinosus and a Cacopsylla sp. (Homoptera: Psyllidae) were observed feeding on other agroforestry tree species and/or crops although they generally occurred at low population intensities. Spiders and parasitic Hymenoptera were the most common natural enemies. Diseases were more severe in nurseries than in the field. Damping-off caused by Fusarium oxysporum, Septoria brown leaf spot and stem canker were the most serious diseases of Alnus. The array of damaging insects and pathogens indicates a potential danger to the cultivation of Alnus species in Uganda as adoption of the species for agroforestry continues to expand in the country. In view of the increasing demand for Alnus species for agroforestry in Uganda, regular pest monitoring and appropriate control strategies are necessary.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

草坪9种真菌病害诊断

简述草坪上发生的常见真菌病害类型、发生特点,以及同类病原引起不同病害症状的区别。为了正确地鉴定各种真菌引起的病害,每一种病害都附有中、英文病原菌学名、症状描述以及典型症状图片。     

几种常见桑树病害的识别与防治

桑树是蚕桑产业的重要物质基础。为确保桑树健康成长,促进产业发展,桑树病害的有效识别与及时防控尤为重要。真核微生物、原核微生物及非细胞类病毒中均存在能引发桑树传染性病害的病原微生物。其中由真核微生物引起的桑里白粉病与桑椹菌核病,原核微生物引起的桑青枯病与桑疫病是爆发频繁、危害极大的桑树病害。本文就这四种桑树病害的病原、侵染循环、病害识别及防治方法等进行系统梳理,并简要介绍几种非细胞类微生物引起的桑树病害,以期为生产上防治相关病害提供参考。     

鞭毛蛋白及鸡GM-CSF重组新城疫病毒对鸡的免疫增强作用

为评价鼠伤寒沙门氏菌鞭毛蛋白(FliC)以及鸡GM-CSF(chGM-CSF)对新城疫病毒(NDV)弱毒疫苗的免疫增强效果,本实验通过PCR扩增fliC,并合成chGM-CSF编码基因,分别构建重组质粒pBrClone30-fliC和pBrClone30-GM-CSF,拯救获得重组病毒rClone30-fliC和rClone30-GM-CSF。RT-PCR和ELISA检测结果表明:fliC和chGM-CSF基因正确插入重组病毒,并获得稳定表达;重组病毒免疫7 d后重组NDV HI抗体效价检测显示,实验组平均HI效价分别达到4.5 log2和4.8 log2,而r Clone30组和空白组HI效价仅为3 log2和1 log2;免疫7 d后攻毒,空白组SPF鸡均死亡,rClone30组有两例发病,实验组SPF鸡全部存活并且无任何临床症状。本研究结果表明,FliC和chGM-CSF作为佐剂能够有效提高弱毒疫苗的免疫效果。     

Application of participatory epidemiology techniques to investigate Newcastle disease among rural farmers in Zamfara state,Nigeria

Formal systems of inquiry are of limited value when working with rural communities in developing countries. The current research used alternative systems of inquiry and learning that involved applying participatory epidemiology (PE) techniques to collect veterinary information about Newcastle disease (ND) in rural areas. Results indicated that poultry constituted the largest proportion (42.4%) of livestock species kept, and the poultry diseases that local farmers callbingiri, ciwon-sufe,dankanoman-kaji, dangari, andgurdumu are consistent with modern veterinary knowledge of Newcastle disease, respiratory disease, coccidiosis, fowl pox, and ectoparasitism, respectively.Tsuwen zaki (lion's testicle;Cucumuis pustulatus) andgarafuni (balsam pear;Momordica balsamina) are traditional remedies used to prevent Newcastle disease. Local farmers are knowledgeable about common disease that affect their poultry; they have good diagnostic abilities and can recognize clinical signs. There should be improved veterinary outreach to share some of this information via active community participation, and PE should be incorporated into state and national disease surveillance systems.