Isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of hydrolysing the herbicide mefenacet

Three strains—Nocardioides sp. MFC-A, Rhodococcus rhodochrous MFC-B, and Stenotrophomonas sp. MFC-C—were newly isolated from rice soil or bark compost as microorganisms capable of cometabolically degrading mefenacet (2-benzothiazol-2-yloxy-N-methyl-acetanilide). Several other species belonging to the genera Nocardioides, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas were also capable of degrading mefenacet, suggesting that the ability is not specific to these isolates, but common at least in these genera. N-methylaniline and 2-benzothiazoloxy acetic acid were identified as the metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Besides mefenacet, the isolates could degrade one or more other amide pesticides, such as flutolanil, mepronil, metolachlor, and pretilachlor. These results indicate that the strains Nocardioides sp. MFC-A, Rhodococcus rhodochrous MFC-B, and Stenotrophomonas sp. MFC-C degrade mefenacet via hydrolysis of the amide bond, but their substrate specificities differ.     

Influence of liquid cattle manure on reduction processes in soil

Summary Reduction processes in cultivated soil during the decomposition of liquid cattle manure were studied in laboratory experiments. Anoxic slurries of soil and manure in different proportions or alone were followed over 5 weeks. Upon NO _inf3 ^sup- depletion, ferrous Fe appeared in solution in soil-manure slurries. Sulfide levels were generally low in the presence of both soil and manure, probably because of precipitation by Fe²⁺; Fe thereby counteracted the production of free hydrogen sulfide. Methane formation was the quantitatively most important electron sink under prolonged anoxic conditions. When extra sulfate was added to soil-manure slurries, the concentration of Fe²⁺ remained low and less methane was produced. The detection of Fe²⁺ was examined in a model system with a gel-stabilized soil-manure mixture sandwiched between two soil phases with a water content near field capacity. Large methodological problems made it impossible to quantify Fe²⁺ in this oxic-anoxic environment, but the results indicated that reducing conditions were maintained in the manure-saturated zone for the 20-day period of this experiment.     

多孔菌发酵代谢物的抑菌活性研究

用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇分别从多孔菌(Polyporus variusPers.:Fr.)摇瓶发酵液的上清液和菌丝体中提取生物活性物质,然后分别对不同细菌和植物病原菌进行抑菌活性的测定。试验结果表明,发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物能显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌和大肠杆菌;菌丝的乙酸乙酯提取物对大肠杆菌的抑制作用较强;而菌丝的正丁醇提取物对5种植物病原菌均有不同程度的抑制作用。     

"性别控制液"在奶牛繁殖上的应用

利用性别控制液对奶牛进行性别控制,试验组产母犊率56.25％,对照组48.15％,χ~2检验差异不显著(p>0.05),说明此性别控制液时提高奶牛后代母犊率没有显著影响。     

液体肥料施用过程中喷头流量均匀度影响因素的研究

液体肥料的发展前景广阔.液体肥料施用装置的研究成为当务之急.液体肥料在施用过程中流量均匀度又是一个很重要的因素.因此本文运用液体肥料施用装置试验台对喷头流量影响因素作了三因素二次回归正交旋转试验,通过对试验数据的处理和分析,得出了液体肥料的浓度、电机转速及喷头口直径大小对喷头流量的影响规律及主次关系,即三者对喷头流量的影响由大到小为电机转速、喷头口直径、液体肥料的浓度.     

液膜果袋在石榴上的应用效果

石榴生产中存在果实感病较多,果面光洁度、色泽较差及农药残留量高等问题,套纸袋和塑膜袋各有缺点,为了探索新的套袋途径,对液膜果袋和纸制果袋、塑膜袋进行了对比试验。结果表明,喷施液膜果袋后的石榴果实比套纸袋、塑膜袋及对照的感病率低,果实着色指数及果面光洁度较高,单果重增加,果实六六六残留量低于套纸袋和塑膜袋。     

平菇菌株诱变处理及应用初探

为了探讨平菇菌株诱变处理与应用。在平菇培养中,以马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基为基本培养基,设栽培袋培养料A、B、C和D 4个配方,利用紫外线(照射时间分别为为0.51、0和15 min)对平菇菌丝体进行诱变处理,筛选高产优良菌株。利用紫外线对平菇菌丝体进行诱变处理筛选出了高产优良菌株,其菌丝生长表现为生长速度快、菌丝洁白、健壮等特点。与对照(固体棉籽皮培养基)相比,该处理原种和栽培种的菌丝体可提前10~15 d长好,液体菌种比固体菌种可提前10~15 d长满菌袋,提前20~30 d出菇。不同的培养基配方,其产量存在差异,以配方A(以棉籽皮87%,麸皮或米糠10%为主要成分)产量最高,生物学效率达98.7。利用液体培养生产菌种,采用培养基配方A栽培平菇,具有栽培周期短、简化栽培程序,降低成本,提高平菇的品质、产量高和成品率高等优点。     

炎咳停口服液对大白鼠的亚急性毒性试验

利用大白鼠为试验模型，对炎咳停口服液进行了亚急性毒性试验，观察其对大白鼠的行为、饮食欲状况、体重变化、生理生化指标的影响，对组织器官和组织学变化及对实验动物的安全性等的影响。试验结果表明：炎咳停口服液临床应用剂量为0.5g/kg，对大白鼠的生理活动、生理生化指标、主要组织器官无不良影响，大白鼠未呈现毒性，应用安全。     

泡桐叶片总DNA甲基化水平测定方法

采用高效液相色仪,色谱柱为Thermo Hypersil C18BDS,以pH4.0的甲醇-戊烷磺酸钠10mmol/L-三乙胺(10-90-0.2,v/v)为流动相,流速0.5mL/min,柱温30℃,在Waters2487紫外-可见分光光度检测器273nm处,测定泡桐叶片DNA水解样中胞嘧啶和5-甲基胞嘧啶的含量,泡桐叶片DNA总甲基化水平用5-甲基胞嘧啶占DNA样品中总胞嘧啶碱基的百分数表示。     

猪,鸡,人胆汁液晶研究初报

关于人的胆汁中存在液晶已见报道,有人推测液晶的出现与胆结石有关。我们用正交的偏振光显微镜观察了猪、鸡的胆汁,并将观察结果和人的胆红素结石伴生胆汁及肌同醇结石伴生胆汁的观察结果进行比较,发现了他们的异同之处.从而使我们对胆汁液晶的产生及其性质,以及胆汁液晶和胆结石之间的关系有了进一步的了解.