仔鸡饲料添加黄芪的效果研究

将黄芪作为饲料添加剂喂养雏鸡，了解其在促进雏鸡的生长发育以及调节雏鸡免疫水平方面的效果。     

二氟沙星抗体的制备

[目的]制备二氟沙星(DIF)抗体。[方法]采用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯(NHS)法,将二氟沙星分别与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、卵清白蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备免疫抗原DIF-BSA和检测抗原DIF-OVA,并用DIF-BSA免疫小鼠以获得高效价的抗体。[结果]免疫抗原DIF-BSA的紫外光谱具有药物和蛋白的叠加特性,其最大吸收峰在波长277 nm处,说明载体蛋白BSA与DIF成功偶联,可用于动物免疫。检测抗原DIF-OVA的最大吸收峰在波长276 nm处,说明载体蛋白OVA与DIF成功偶联,可用作检测抗原进行包被。间接ELISA检测结果表明所得小鼠抗血清效价较高,均达1∶32 000以上,说明有特异性抗体产生。[结论]成功制备了抗二氟沙星抗体,也进一步证明了药物偶联成功。     

Powder and particle-mediated approaches for delivery of DNA and protein vaccines into the epidermis

The epidermis of the skin is both a sensitive immune organ and a practical target site for vaccine administration. However, administration of vaccines into the epidermis is difficult to achieve using conventional vaccine delivery methods employing a needle and syringe. A needle-free vaccine delivery system has been developed that efficiently delivers powdered or particulate DNA and protein vaccines into the epidermal tissue. The delivery system can be used to directly transfect antigen presenting cells (APCs) by formulating DNA or protein vaccines onto gold particles (particle-mediated immunization). Antigen can be directly presented to the immune system by the transfected APCs. Antigen can also be expressed and secreted by transfected keratinocytes and picked up by resident APCs through the exogenous antigen presentation pathway. Alternatively, protein antigens can be formulated into a powder and delivered into the extracellular environment where they are picked up by APCs (epidermal powder immunization). Using any of these formulations, epidermal immunization offers the advantage of efficiently delivering vaccines into the APC-rich epidermis. Recent studies demonstrate that epidermal vaccine delivery induces humoral, cellular, and protective immune responses against infectious diseases in both laboratory animals and man.     

乳突类圆线虫病人工免疫研究初报

用Co~(60)4000伦琴(R)、20000伦琴和40000伦琴照射乳突类圆线虫的丝状幼虫以及用丝状幼虫的冻融提取物经一次和二次免疫接种家兔,对20×10~4条丝状幼虫的攻毒均显示有一定的保护力。二次免疫优于一次免疫,4000R、40000R的二次免疫与一次免疫的荷虫量相比差异显著(P<0.05);4000R一次、二次免疫,20000R二次免疫和40000R一次、二次免疫与对照组相比,其荷虫量的差异极显著(P<0.01);40000R二次免疫的荷虫量明显地少于20000R和4000R二次免疫的荷虫量。虫卵检查的结果亦与此相符。抗原提取物一次、二次免疫的荷虫量与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),但在剖检时仍发现有多量虫体,这可能是由于免疫的抗原量不足所造成的。 经检查确定对照组的排卵时间为9天整,4000R组平均为9.67天,20000R组平均为10.67天,40000R组平均为12天。 一条寄生虫雌虫一昼夜可排卵13～24个,平均为18个。     

水稻免疫育苗的抗性研究

 将稻田土和病稻苗上分离的Fusarium equiseti,F.oxysporum,F.graminearum和Rhizoctoniasolani,接种在免疫育苗法和普通旱育苗法培育的秧苗上。免疫育苗的秧苗提高抗病力95.5%~97.8%。测定其秧苗接种病原菌后防御酶系的动态表明:1.过氧化物酶活性峰比对照提前36 h,且峰值高;2.超氧化物歧化酶活峰比对照提前4 h;3.苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活力比对照高1倍多。同时免疫育苗秧苗新陈代谢旺盛、生理活性高。表现在:1.叶片叶绿素含量高(3.12 mg/ml)、光合作用强度大(887mol O₂/g.h),因而干物质积累多;2.根系发达,单株根数比普通旱育秧苗多3.9条/株;3.根系色白有弹性,活力强,对α-萘胺氧化力达60μg/g.h,提高30%;4.束缚水含量达64.89%,显著高于普通旱育苗;5.根冠比比普通旱育苗高28%。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征活疫苗免疫效果观察

本试验将繁育母猪60头,随机分为免疫组和对照组,每组各30头,免疫组注射PRRS活疫苗(R98株),于母猪配种前一周接种,接种剂量2 mL/头;接种疫苗的母猪所产仔猪于断奶前一周接种PRRS活疫苗,接种剂量1 mL/头。对照组及所产仔猪不接种PRRS活疫苗。通过小群试验对比观察,收到了理想的免疫效果。在规模猪场和养猪大户中进一步推广应用,PRRS的流行得到了有效控制。     

卤虫发育过程中几种免疫相关水解酶的测定

[目的]研究卤虫发育过程中几种免疫相关水解酶,为卤虫的免疫学研究提供参考。[方法]于2009年3～5月,用实验室孵化的卤虫,包括卵、无节幼虫、后无节幼虫、拟成虫、成虫5期一定数量的虫体,分别用磷酸苯二钠法、金氏法和分光光度计法测定酸性磷酸酶（ACPase）、碱性磷酸酶（AKPase）、α-醋酸萘酯酶（ANAE）的活性。[结果]3种酶从卤虫的卵到无节幼虫期,再到后无节幼虫期,酶活力是逐渐升高的,到拟成虫期酶活力下降,最后到成虫期酶活力达到峰值。[结论]研究表明,这3种酶活力的强弱与卤虫机体免疫有直接相关性,可作为衡量卤虫免疫功能大小的指标。     

不同猪瘟免疫程序对仔猪母源抗体水平的影响

本研究采用猪瘟病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,对应用不同猪瘟免疫程序的猪场进行仔猪母源抗体水平检测。结果显示,在20日龄以内仔猪母源抗体的OD630平均值和阳性率均维持较高的水平,仔猪能够获得较好的母源抗体保护,避免猪瘟病毒的早期感染。随着日龄增长,仔猪母源抗体逐渐下降,尤其在断奶后一周(30~40日龄)下降趋势最为显著。本研究可为本地区规模化猪场猪瘟免疫程序的制定尤其是仔猪首免日龄的确定提供参考依据。     

Immune Efficacy of different immunization doses of divalent combination DNA vaccine pOPRL+pOPRF of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

At present, there is no vaccine available against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a common zoonotic pathogenic bacterium. In a previous study, the authors prepared a divalent combination DNA vaccine, pOPRL+pOPRF, which exhibited good protective efficacy. To explore the optimal immunization dose of this divalent combination DNA vaccine, in the present study, chickens were vaccinated with 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg doses. The levels of serum antibody, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) were determined, and lymphocyte proliferation assays were performed. After challenge with virulent P. aeruginosa, the protective efficacy was evaluated. Following vaccination, the serum antibodies, stimulation index values, and concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly higher in chickens vaccinated with 100 and 200 µg vaccines than in those vaccinated with 25 and 50 µg doses (P<0.05). IFN-γ and IL-2 concentrations in chickens immunized with 100 µg vaccine were slightly higher than those in chickens immunized with 200 µg vaccine, although the difference was not statistically significant. The protective rates were 55%, 65%, 85%, and 85% with 25, 50, 100, and 200 µg of the pOPRL+pOPRF DNA vaccine, respectively. Thus, the immune efficacy of the pOPRL+pOPRF DNA vaccine increased with an increase in immunization dose, but this does not imply that a higher dose necessarily achieves a better outcome. The optimal immunization dose of pOPRL+pOPRF DNA vaccine in chickens was 100 µg.