瓜蒌散对奶牛临床型乳房炎临床疗效评价

为评价瓜蒌散对临床性乳房炎治疗效果,将患临床型乳房炎奶牛分为西药治疗组和中药治疗组,同时以乳房炎阴性健康奶牛作空白对照。各组分别在0、5、10、15 d采集样品。统计中药组、西药组治愈头数及有效头数;测定乳汁中体细胞数;乳清中SA、ALT、AST、LDH含量;检测各组淋巴细胞刺激指数和嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率。试验结果显示,中药组治愈率为57.1%、有效率为92.9%,西药组治愈率为23.1%,有效率为69.2%;给药15 d后,中药治疗组乳汁中SCC低于西药组(P0.01);西药组淋巴刺激指数低于健康组(P0.05);西药组嗜中性粒细胞吞噬率低于健康组(P0.05),中药治疗组与健康组比较无显著差异(P0.05);中药治疗组SA、ALT、AST、LDH低于对照组(P0.01)。结果表明,瓜蒌散具有加速受损乳腺组织修复作用,对奶牛临床型乳房炎治疗效果显著。     

人工肝联合凉血解毒化瘀方治疗重型乙肝疗效观察

目的 评价人工肝支持系统联合中药凉血解毒化瘀方治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的疗效。方法 根据患者病情采用本院开展的不同模式人工肝支持系统（血浆置换联合血浆灌流、胆红素吸附联合血浆置换、双重血浆吸附联合血浆置换、分子吸附再循环）联合凉血解毒化瘀方治疗46例慢性乙型重型肝炎,30例对照组仅给予基础疗法加人工肝支持系统治疗。结果 两组患者治疗后临床症状、肝功能、凝血酶原活动度、血氨明显改善,治疗组优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组46例患者中临床治愈9例,显效25例,有效6例,无效3例,死亡3例,总有效率86.96%,优于对照组,随访半年存活率与对照组有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 人工肝支持系统是治疗慢性乙型重型肝炎的有效手段,联合凉血解毒化瘀方中西医结合疗法可提高临床疗效,降低患者病死率。     

兽用中草药制剂肠杆灵散的毒性试验

肠杆灵散(暂定名)是贵州省畜牧兽医研究所自主研发的防治鸡大肠杆菌病的中草药制剂,为了明确该制剂在禽病防治上的安全性,根据国家《中药天然药物长期毒性研究指导原则》,用昆明小白鼠按最大给药量(生药)0.4 mL/10 g进行急性毒性试验(MTD),均无明显的毒性反应。用大鼠(SD品系)按10 g/kg5、g/kg、2 g/kg设高、中、低3个给药剂量组,连续灌药5周后,以最大程度暴露其毒性,对其凝血系统指标、血液生化指标、各主要器脏病理组织学变化等检查,结果表明:除Cr具有一定的差异外,其他未见异常,各剂量组具有统计学意义的指标,在不同给药变化未见明显规律性,且与给药剂量未见显著相关性,从而推测该制剂无毒理作用。     

杜长梅与杜长大杂交组合生产性能与胴体品质的研究

测定杜长梅和杜长大杂交组合的繁殖、肥育性能、胴体品质与肉质。测定猪数两个组合分别为52头和93头母猪及其年产全部后代（总计4026头）。结果表明仔猪28日龄断乳，年产均达2.43胎。杜长梅组合每胎产仔13.89头，60日龄育成13.2头，窝重244.2kg，年育成仔猪32头；杜长大组合相应为11.26头、10.4头、212kg和25.4头。杜长梅杂种猪（20～90kg）肥育期日增重752.7g，料重比3.10(39.55MJ），初生～90kg饲养期仅157d；杜长大杂种猪相应781.2g、2.77(35.34MJ）、149.6d。杜长梅杂种猪瘦肉率为58.79%，肉色2.8分、pH6.6、失水率6.4%；杜长杂种猪相应为65.4%、2.5分、6.38和12.7%。     

建三江分局地下水资源计算与评价

利用水均衡法确定出建三法分局地下水资源计算参数，从而计算出该地区的地下水资源补给及可开采量和调节诸量，并对该分局地下水补给量与调节储量进行了分析与评价，为保证该分局合理开发利用地下水资源及今后长期持续稳定发展水田生产提供了参考依据。     

Effects of flow variation on channel and floodplain biota and habitats of the Sacramento River,California, USA

• 1. Despite progress in the development of conceptual models of river processes, the validation and application of these models to conservation may be limited by a deficit of tools for intermediate‐scale (1–100km) reaches. A model was developed to examine the effect of variation in flow on the responses of two trophic levels in a large temperate river (Sacramento River) and its seasonal floodplain (Yolo Bypass). Field data and hydrologic simulations were evaluated for three hydrologically diverse years.
• 2. The simulations showed much more hydrologic variability in the floodplain than the river, with greater total surface and shallow area, longer hydraulic residence times, and lower water velocities for the floodplain.
• 3. Chlorophyll a levels were significantly higher in the floodplain than in the river, and were negatively associated with flow. These results were consistent with longer hydraulic residence times, increased surface area of shallow water, and warmer water temperatures.
• 4. Copepods and cladoceran densities were similar in the river and its floodplain, and were mostly negatively associated with flow.
• 5. There were significantly higher densities of Diptera and terrestrial invertebrates in the floodplain than the river. Diptera densities in the floodplain were positively associated with flow.
• 6. These results provide evidence of the incremental value of floodplain habitat to the conservation of large rivers. In particular, it appears that providing river–floodplain connectivity can enhance production of lower trophic levels at relatively rapid time scales, probably benefitting secondary consumers, including Chinook salmon (Onchyrhynchus tshawytscha).

Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seal predation on salmon and forage fish schools as a function of tidal currents in the San Juan Islands, Washington, USA

Tidal patterns in feeding behaviour are known in several upper trophic level predators. Although harbour seal ( Phoca vitulina richardsi ) movements between resting and foraging areas are often correlated with tidal phase, little is known about tidal influences on seal foraging because it is difficult to make direct observations of predation events. This study sought to determine whether harbour seals exhibit tidal patterns in their at-sea distribution, abundance, and foraging success and to discuss how changes in capture rates or prey types might affect the ability of an individual to meet its daily energy requirement. During 1995–97, seal abundance in the water during flooding tides was significantly greater than median daily abundance. Seals aggregated near a channel constriction. Salmon accounted for 50% and 87% of observed captures of single, large fish in 1996 and 1997, respectively. Predation on schooling fishes involved juvenile sandlance or herring. Large-fish captures were episodic (16.9% and 27.5% of observations with nonzero capture rates) and occurred more often on the incoming tide near constricted water flow. Median per capita capture rates were highest in currents during slower flooding (0.31 fish·seal^–1 h^–1). Surface attacks on forage fish schools were more common than large-fish captures (54.0% and 66.7% of observations with at least one attack on forage fish). Night-time and subsurface feeding were not assessed. Given what is known about seal food requirements, tidal differences in capture rates are predicted to have a significant impact on both the hunting strategy and energy intake of individuals. Results support the idea that interactions among tidal currents, topographic features, and fish play a role in structuring marine predator–prey dynamics.     

蒲鹿乳炎散水煎醇沉液抗炎镇痛作用研究

试验旨在研究蒲鹿乳炎散水煎醇沉液的抗炎镇痛作用,为后期临床开发提供依据。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、醋酸致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增加、角叉菜胶致小鼠足趾肿胀法来研究其抗炎作用;采用福尔马林和热板仪致痛法来研究其镇痛作用。各试验均将小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只,雌雄各半,分别是阴性对照组、蒲鹿乳炎散低、中、高剂量组、阿司匹林阳性对照组（阿司匹林组）。蒲鹿乳炎散低、中、高剂量组及阿司匹林组分别每日以含生药20、30、40及0.15 mg/g的剂量灌胃给药1次,阴性对照组灌胃给予同等容积的生理盐水,均连续灌胃给药7 d,后续按照不同试验具体操作。小鼠耳廓肿胀试验结果显示,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均可极显著降低二甲苯导致的小鼠耳廓肿胀（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散中、高剂量组差异不显著（P>0.05）。醋酸致腹腔毛细血管通透性增高试验结果显示,与阴性对照组相比,各用药组对醋酸导致的通透性增高均具有极显著抑制作用（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散低、中剂量组均差异极显著（P<0.01）,而高剂量组差异不显著（P>0.05）。角叉菜胶所致足趾肿胀试验结果显示,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均具有不同程度的肿胀抑制作用（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散低剂量组差异极显著（P<0.01）,但中、高剂量组差异均不显著（P>0.05）。福尔马林致痛试验结果显示,在Ⅰ相时间段内,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均极显著减少小鼠舔足次数（P<0.01）;在Ⅱ相时间段内,各组两两之间差异均显著或极显著（P<0.05;P<0.01）。热板仪致痛试验结果显示,给药后各个时间,各用药组与阴性对照组相比,均能显著延长痛阈值（P<0.01）;与阿司匹林组相比,蒲鹿乳炎散高剂量组减小疼痛阈值的效果极显著强于阿司匹林组（P<0.01）,低、中剂量组的效果极显著弱于阿司匹林组（P<0.01）。本试验结果表明,蒲鹿乳炎散水煎醇沉液对小鼠具有良好的抗炎镇痛作用。     

滋阴活血解毒方对AGEs诱导VEC损伤黏附分子及凝血相关因子表达的影响

目的 观察滋阴活血解毒方对糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end-producs,AGEs）诱导血管内皮细胞（vascular endothelial cell,VEC）损伤的影响及其黏附分子、凝血相关因子表达的变化,进一步探讨该方对AGEs诱导VEC损伤的保护作用。方法 以人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells,HUVEC）作为实验对象,以终浓度（100 mg/L）的AGEs诱导HUVEC损伤。各模型组及给药组细胞分别继续培养12、24、48 h。在显微镜下观察各组细胞形态变化,并以Western-blot法检测各组黏附分子VCAM-1、ICAM-1的表达;以RT-PCR方法检测TF、TM mRNA表达。结果 相对于空白组细胞,模型组细胞出现异常增殖,细胞数量明显增多,多数细胞变形皱缩,胞膜轮廓模糊,细胞内出现粗糙样颗粒变化,VCAM-1、ICAM-1、TF表达明显上调,TM表达下调,且在作用24 h后差异有显著性意义（P<0.01）;相同时间点,给药组较模型组圆缩形细胞减少,能下调VCAM-1、ICAM-1、TF表达,上调TM表达,且随着作用时间的延长更明显（P<0.01）。结论 滋阴活血解毒方能抑制AGEs对VEC的损伤,降低黏附分子的表达,下调表达组织因子mRNA转录,上调血栓调节素mRNA转录。     

黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠的Meta分析

目的 评价黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠的临床疗效及安全性。方法 采用文献系统评价定性研究与定量Meta分析相结合的方法与技术,检索国内有关黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠的临床随机对照试验,包括中国知网数据库、维普期刊全文数据库、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库,依据所定纳入标准及排除标准对所检索的文献进行筛选,提取有效数据,运用RenMan 5.3软件对文献进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入16篇随机对照试验,合计1511例患者。Meta分析显示,黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠的临床总有效率高于西药治疗组（OR=3.61,95% CI[2.68,4.85],P<0.00001）。结论 本次系统评价显示黄连温胆汤加减治疗失眠总有效率高于西药治疗组,安全性较高。但是所纳入的研究质量普遍偏低,需要高质量的随机对照试验进行验证。