热量条件变化对积温及作物生长季的研究

通过研究热量条件的变化,分析原阳1981—2012年热量奈件（月、四季及≥0℃、≥10℃的活动积温及持续日数）的变化特征,建立多年平均气温与积温和持续日数的线性相关关系。结果表明,原阳县作物生长季内平均气温较20世纪80年代上升0．5℃。≥0℃的初日、终日分别提前11d和推后8d,作物生长期延长19d;≥0℃的积温增加153．9℃·d;≥10℃的初日、终日以及持续日数与80年代相比无明显变化。年平均气温与≥0℃、≥10℃积温有显著的线性相关关系。     

被动式太阳能温室平均热损系数的测试与分析

采用相似性原理,将具有热水调温性能的被动式太阳能温室系统视为平板集热器,采用类似的方法,分析了温室的热量平衡、热损失、平均热损系数,针对实验温室进行了温室平均热损系数的测试和计算,结果表明采用立体面接收太阳入射光的被动式太阳能热水器,具有热效率高、散热快的特点,可使温室内白天的高温推迟2～3 h,室内气温最高降低2～3℃,夜间增温3～7℃。     

湿热处理对鹰嘴豆淀粉理化性质的影响

以鹰嘴豆淀粉为材料,研究湿度(20%、30%)、温度(80℃、100℃、120℃)以及时间(2h、6h)对其理化特性的影响。结果表明:经湿热处理后鹰嘴豆淀粉的颗粒形态没有明显变化,溶解度和膨胀度小于原淀粉,随着处理湿度增大、温度升高及时间延长,淀粉溶解度和膨胀度降低幅度增大;湿热处理后淀粉糊的冻融稳定性增强,较低的湿度及较高的温度有利于改善冻融稳定性;湿热处理后,淀粉更难糊化,随着湿热处理湿度的增大、处理温度的升高以及处理时间的延长,淀粉糊的黏度值降低越明显,起糊温度升高越多,峰值黏度、崩解值、回生值等黏度特征值下降幅度越大,热糊稳定性、冷糊稳定性越强。     

仿刺参体壁创伤修复消减文库的构建与分析

应用抑制性消减杂交技术(SSH),构建了仿刺参Apostichopus japonicus(体质量为65 ～90 g)正常体壁及创伤修复(24、48、72、96、120 h后)体壁的消减cDNA文库,利用PCR和斑点杂交技术对文库进行筛选,随机挑取的768个克隆中发现292个阳性克隆,对其中信号强度较强的224个阳性克隆进行测序,得到208个有效EST序列.经BlastX工具对获得的EST与GenBank数据库进行比对分析,结果有171个EST序列与数据库中的基因同源(e≤0.001,相似性＞40％),其中153个为未知基因,18个为已知功能或已命名基因,包括在创伤及修复的体壁中上调表达的β微管蛋白、微管蛋白α-1链、肌动蛋白、肌动蛋白ike 7B类似物、细胞色素c氧化酶亚基Ⅰ、tRNA假尿苷合成酶A、GTP酶、细胞分裂周期2类似蛋白、有丝分裂原活化蛋白激酶、homeobox蛋白、延伸因子1A、核糖体蛋白L30、核糖体蛋白L17、60S酸性核糖体蛋白PO、26S蛋白酶调节亚基、泛素特异性肽酶24、大肠癌血清抗原3、清道夫受体蛋白12等.本研究结果可为探讨刺参体壁再生过程和分子机理,以及筛选刺参体壁创伤修复过程中相关功能基因的研究提供基础依据.     

Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on plasma glucose,protein and energy metabolism in sheep

Background

The use of antibiotics in animal diets is facing negative feedback due to the hidden danger of drug residues to human health. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used to replace antibiotics in the past two decades and played an increasingly important role in livestock production. The present study was carried out to assess the feeding effects of a traditional nourishing Chinese herbal medicine mixture on kinetics of plasma glucose, protein and energy metabolism in sheep. Ruminal fermentation characteristics were also determined.

Methods

Four sheep were fed on either mixed hay (MH-diet) or MH-diet supplemented with 2% of Chinese herbal medicine (mixture of Astragalus root, Angelica root and Atractylodes rhizome; CHM-diet) over two 35-day periods using a crossover design. The turnover rate of plasma glucose was measured with an isotope dilution method using [U-¹³C]glucose. The rates of plasma leucine turnover and leucine oxidation, whole body protein synthesis (WBPS) and metabolic heat production were measured using the [1-¹³C]leucine dilution and open circuit calorimetry.

Results

Body weight gain of sheep was higher (P = 0.03) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Rumen pH was lower (P = 0.02), concentration of rumen total volatile fatty acid tended to be higher (P = 0.05) and acetate was higher (P = 0.04) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet. Turnover rates of plasma glucose and leucine did not differ between diets. Oxidation rate of leucine tended to be higher (P = 0.06) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet, but the WBPS did not differ between diets. Metabolic heat production tended to be greater (P = 0.05) for CHM-diet than for MH-diet.

Conclusions

The sheep fed on CHM-diet had a higher body weight gain and showed positive impacts on rumen fermentation and energy metabolism without resulting in any adverse response. Therefore, these results suggested that the Chinese herbal medicine mixture should be considered as a potential feed additive for sheep.     

Heat stress assessment by swine related vocalizations

In intensive swine farms, stressful conditions in the climate, namely heat stress, affect animal behaviour and welfare. Pigs reared in commercial fattening housing suffer from temperature increases and from their inability to get free to refresh themselves any time they need to. The closed and dense environment further worsens this condition.     

The effect of dicyandiamide on rumen and blood metabolites,diet digestibility and urinary excretion

The excretion of urine by dairy cows provides a source of nitrogen (N) to pasture. Excess N from urine patches can be lost through nitrate (NO₃⁻) leaching and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. Dicyandiamide (DCD) inhibits nitrification in the soil and is usually applied to the pasture by blanket spreading the entire field. This study assessed the potential of pulse-dosing cows with DCD so that the DCD will be excreted in the urine and deposited directly onto the urine patches. The objective of this study was to measure the recovery of DCD in urine and faeces and to assess the effects of DCD on rumen and blood metabolites and diet digestibility. Eight non-lactating Holstein–Friesian dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were assigned to two treatments in a Latin square design over two periods. The two treatments used were (1) control (CON) consisting of 500 ml distilled water and (2) DCD consisting of 0.1 g DCD per kg liveweight (LW) suspended in 500 ml distilled water. Both treatments were pulse-dosed into the rumen daily for 6 days with half the volume dosed in the morning and the remainder in the afternoon. The administration of DCD into the rumen had no effect on rumen and blood metabolites, and diet digestibility when compared to the control treatment, as all were not significantly different from the control treatment and were within the normal biological range. During 6 days of dosing with DCD the average recovery of the dosed DCD in urine was 82.3%, with a further 2.1% recovered in the faeces. No DCD was recovered in the urine and faeces 10 days following the cessation of dosing. These results could provide the basis for a novel mitigation strategy to reduce NO₃⁻ leaching and N₂O emissions from urine patches in grazed grassland.     

IGF-I,GHR and UCP mRNA expression in the liver and muscle of high- and low-feed-efficiency laying Japanese quail at different environmental temperatures

In this study, we analyzed insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), growth hormone receptor (GHR) and uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA expression in the muscle and liver of high- (0.23 g/g) and low- (0.17 g/g) feed-efficiency (FE) Japanese quail at three different air temperatures: comfortable (25 °C), heat stress (38 °C) for 12 h or cold stress (10 °C) for 12 h. Total RNA was extracted from the liver and breast muscle of each quail, and cDNA was amplified using specific primers for the target genes. Expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). IGF-I mRNA expression was higher in the livers of high-FE quail than in the livers of low-FE quail under both heat and cold stress conditions. High-FE birds also showed higher GHR mRNA expression independent of temperature. UCP mRNA expression in the liver was lower in high-FE birds and higher under heat stress compared with the other conditions. IGF-I mRNA expression was higher in the muscle of high-FE quail under the three conditions tested, and UCP mRNA expression was higher under cold stress. Our results suggest that air temperature affects the expression of genes related to growth and mitochondrial energy production, and quail with different feed efficiencies respond differently to environmental stimuli.     

参数优化模型在烤盘形状设计中的应用

通过建立最优化参数模型来研究烤盘的最优形状。首先根据传热学原理将烤盘数量与热量分布转化为烤箱平面使用率和热量平均分布,根据这2个评价指标建立综合评价指标参数,以评价指标参数来筛选烤盘的最优形状。     

医药化工高磷废水处理及资源化研究

[目的]探讨医药化工高磷废水的最佳除磷条件和磷回收条件。[方法]以台州某药业的高磷废水为处理对象,用钙盐、铁盐及铝盐等方法分别对该废水进行处理研究,同时研究了磷资源化方法,探讨了pH、N∶Mg∶P摩尔比对鸟粪石生成的影响。[结果]通过控制反应的pH、钙盐、铁盐、铝盐的投加量,出水磷浓度大幅降低,磷的去除率达98.66%。在常温条件下,废水pH为10.0,N∶Mg∶P摩尔比为1∶1∶1时,有95%的磷转化为鸟粪石,从而实现磷的回收。[结论]该研究为高磷废水的处理与资源化利用提供了理论参考。