岷江上游水源涵养林涵水能力综合评价

森林－土壤系统的水源涵养功能因其组成的差异而导致降水截留、蓄水、径流的变化。作者根据这一规律，以搜集、调查岷江上游水源涵养林的林冠截留量、地表枯落物蓄水量、苔藓层蓄水量、土壤孔隙蓄水量、土壤不透性能，土壤降水贮存量等进行分析，并赋与没森林植被系统中各组成成分以一定的得分，评价不森林－土壤系统的保水能力。评价结果表明四川西部天然林具有最强的保水能力，应进一步加强其保护工作，人为干扰严重的类型其保水能     

Tree-ring: a suitable implement for spatial and temporal fire distribution analysis in savanna woodland and dry forest

Based on 120 stem discs collected during3 months of fieldwork along a 12 km route,the history of fires in the Wari Maro Forest(09 1000 N–02 1000E) over the past century in savanna woodland and dry forest was reconstituted.Three major ecological areas are characterized:one highly burnt zone located between two relative less burnt areas.By analyzing tree rings,246 fire scars were identified.The scars were caused by 51 fire years,occurring at a mean interval of 2.23 years.From 1890 to1965,only 6 years with fires were recorded from sampled trees.Since 1966,no year has passed without fire.The fire frequency point scale reached 14 years.This was the case of Burkea africana,which has been identified as a species tolerant to fire and could be planted to create a natural firewall.In contrast,Anogeissus leiocarpa is highly sensitive to fire,and in a dry forest ecosystem that burns seasonally,it requires a special conservation plan.Two new concepts are described:the rebarking of trees after fire and Mean Kilometer Fire Interval.The first concept was tested with Daniellia oliveri(Rolfe) Hutch & Dalz trees,and the second concept was used to evaluate spatial fire distribution.We demonstrate that savanna woodland and dry forest were subject to a degradation process caused by destructive fires related to vegetation cover clearance and illegal logging.     

广州海珠湿地垛基果林植被优化与养护管理探讨

面积广阔的海珠湿地垛基果林是广州市内重要的半自然果林,但因受人为干扰和果树自然退化而出现植被衰败、生境破坏等生态问题。从尊重海珠湿地以垛基果林为景观基底的角度出发,基于场地果林树木的健康状况评价,将海珠湿地垛基果林植被分为 3 个功能区,探讨相应区域植物优化的构思,并提出海珠湿地垛基果林植被分区养护管理的原则与目标。     

山区羊舍“圈中圈”设计及应用效果

为探索山区羔羊保育技术,提高羔羊成活率和增重效果,笔者通过改进圈舍设计,加强饲养管理,开展了"圈中圈"羔羊保育应用效果观察试验。结果表明,试验组羔羊的断奶(120d)成活率为97.78%,比对照组的断奶成活率(68.89%)提高了41.94%;试验组羔羊的日增重为96.2 g,比对照组(71g)提高了35.49%,效果显著。     

浅析北京园博会园中园设计--以岭南园、江苏园、北京园为例

文章介绍了北京园博会的总体情况,并图文并茂地分析北京园博会三个主要的园中园--岭南园、江苏园、北京园的空间布局、地域特色、设计亮点与不足。通过总结这三个园中园的异同,进一步探讨了北京园博会园中园的设计特色与不足。     

祁连山区建植二年不同人工草地杂草群落特性的研究

对祁连山区人工多年生不同禾草草地建植第二年杂草群落特性进行的研究结果表明,该区禾草人工草地杂草种类组成较为复杂(26种均为阔叶杂草),但危害不大,只是其中细叶亚菊生长旺盛,与禾草共生,同期生长,频度较高,密度、盖度较小。通过计算SDR4值知该草地杂草入侵不严重。     

《草地学》课程教学改革与实践

随着社会的快速发展,对《草地学》课程教学内容和方法提出了更新、更高的要求。通过更新教学内容、改革教学方法、建立科学的课程综合考评体系、加强教学实习基地和师资队伍建设等改革措施,充分调动了学生的积极性,取得了较好的教学效果,提高了教学质量。     

You cannot conserve a species that has not been found: The case of the marine sponge Axinella polypoides in Liguria,Italy

1. Detailed knowledge about the distribution of species in need of protection is required for the management of Marine Protected Areas, a major tool to reduce marine biodiversity loss. Such knowledge is deficient for most marine invertebrates.
2. Axinella polypoides is a marine sponge included on the list of protected species by the Barcelona Convention (1976) and the Bern Convention (1987). This large and erect species has an important ecological role in habitat forming and benthic–pelagic coupling.
3. Bathymetrical, geographical and ecological data over the last 60 years were collated from publications and reports, together with new surveys to assess the distribution and protection status in Liguria of A. polypoides. It identified a more widespread distribution than previously thought, which points at a general need for dedicated investigations on the occurrence of species that require protection.
4. Bathymetrical distribution was trimodal, with peaks corresponding to different geomorphological settings: coastal cliff bases (around 38 m depth), inner shelf shoals (52 m) and rocks amidst coarse sediment on the outer shelf (79 m). Density was significantly greater at the shallowest depths. The species was mostly found in the coralligenous biocoenosis, in association with other characteristic species or forming a monospecific facies.
5. On (sub)vertical cliffs, A. polypoides often exhibited an unusual cane shape, rather than the typical bushy morphology, thus causing confusion with the congeneric A. cannabina, a more southern species. Records of the latter in the Ligurian Sea therefore need confirmation.
6. Only a minority (22.6%) of A. polypoides records were in Marine Protected Areas, the remainder being located in areas with no current environmental protection plans in place. While the occurrence of this species in MPAs remained stable over the decades, the only quantitative historical data available indicated that populations in non-protected areas were declining owing to anthropogenic impacts (fishing and anchoring).

     

Conservation management decreases surface runoff and soil erosion

Conservation management practices – including agroforestry, cover cropping, no-till, reduced tillage, and residue return – have been applied for decades to control surface runoff and soil erosion, yet results have not been integrated and evaluated across cropping systems. In this study we collected data comparing agricultural production with and without conservation management strategies. We used a bootstrap resampling analysis to explore interactions between practice type, soil texture, surface runoff, and soil erosion. We then used a correlation analysis to relate changes in surface runoff and soil erosion to 13 other soil health and agronomic indicators, including soil organic carbon, soil aggregation, infiltration, porosity, subsurface leaching, and cash crop yield. Across all conservation management practices, surface runoff and erosion had respective mean decreases of 67% and 80% compared with controls. Use of cover cropping provided the largest decreases in erosion and surface runoff, thus emphasizing the importance of maintaining continuous vegetative cover on soils. Coarse- and medium-textured soils had greater decreases in both erosion and runoff than fine-textured soils. Changes in surface runoff and soil erosion under conservation management were highly correlated with soil organic carbon, aggregation, porosity, infiltration, leaching, and yield, showing that conservation practices help drive important interactions between these different facets of soil health. This study offers the first large-scale comparison of how different conservation agriculture practices reduce surface runoff and soil erosion, and at the same time provides new insight into how these interactions influence the improvement or loss of soil health.     

四方井水利枢纽工程古树名木和重点保护野生植物分布现状及保护对策

通过野外调查查清了宜春市四方井水利枢纽工程项目区内古树名木及重点保护野生植物的种类、数量、生境类型、保护等级、生长势、保护管理现状及根系生长情况,结合工程项目的要求,提出了对古树名木及重点保护野生植物的保护对策,将工程建设对古树名木及重点保护野生植物资源的负面影响控制到最小,并为项目建设单位、有关政府机构制定和实施生态环境管理、监测计划提供科学依据.