China's role in the global forest sector: how will the US recovery and a diminished Chinese demand influence global wood markets?

Over the last decade, while the size of China's economy more than doubled, China has simultaneously become a major producer and exporter of forest products. Although China's domestic supply of wood is significantly constrained both by a limited natural supply and by conservation-oriented policies, the country is increasingly regarded as the world's “wood workshop.” Furthermore, China is the largest driver of demand for the trade in tropical logs and is becoming a significant driver of demand for trade in coniferous logs. In this paper, we describe a spatial equilibrium model adapted to study forest sector markets and policies that affect them. We present the model and the result of two alternative future scenarios. The first scenario analyzes the impact on global forest products markets of a US recovery in wood markets. The second scenario examines the effect on global forest products markets of decelerating growth in Chinese demand for wood products. Through these two scenarios, the modeling output sheds light on the role China's wood products markets have on resource supply and trade around the world. The trade model shows substantial potential changes in global prices, production, and trade activity associated with the recovery in domestic demand in the USA.     

Nontimber forest products and biodiversity management in the Pacific Northwest

Nontimber forest product harvesting in the Pacific Northwest is neither a new activity nor a disappearing relic of the pre-industrial era. Though the emphasis may have shifted from subsistence to commercial and recreational pursuits, harvesting and harvesters of wild species are still widespread throughout the region. Hundreds of businesses and thousands of harvesters earn part or all of their income from the harvests. Every year thousands of pounds and hundreds of nontimber forest products valued in the hundreds of millions of dollars are harvested from regional public and private forests. This harvesting of a large diversity of species represents a considerable subset of the overall terrestrial biodiversity in Pacific Northwest forests. Despite widespread extraction, little investment in research, planning, or basic inventorying and monitoring has been done on nontimber forest products. Without better information, land managers will be increasingly unable to make informed decisions on how to manage nontimber forest product biodiversity sustainably as demand for products increases.     

广东特色林业的发展现状与对策

广东省发展特色林业具有得天独厚的条件,针对广东特色林业的发展现状及发展中存在的主要问题,提出了广东特色林业发展的目标任务,即加快发展工业原料速丰林、壮大竹产业、优化经济林品种结构、大力培育花卉产业,并提出了加快立法步伐、加强规范引导,加大扶持力度、拓宽融资渠道等一整套切实可行、较为全面的对策建议.     

海南美兰机场动物卫生监督检查机制

介绍了美兰机场省际动物卫生监督检查站的机构设置、人员配备、监管依据、工作程序、联防联控等监督检查机制。     

对一起销售含违禁药品生猪产品案的查处

目前,我国生猪产品生产与销售等环节的长效监管机制仍处于探索阶段。本案阐述了一起由江西省赣州市畜牧兽医局查处的销售含有违禁药品生猪产品的违法行为,论述了该案的标的检测、调查取证、依法听证、行政处罚等执法过程,并对相关问题进行了思考与探讨。     

Effects of utilization of local food by‐products as total mixed ration silage materials on fermentation quality and intake,digestibility, rumen condition and nitrogen availability in sheep

Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate in vivo digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by‐products for dairy cows, and the ruminal condition and nitrogen (N) balance were examined. Five by‐products (i.e. potato waste, noodle waste, soybean curd residue, soy sauce cake and green tea waste) were obtained. Four types of TMR silage were used: control (C) containing roughage and commercial concentrate, T1:20% and T1:40% containing the five by‐products replacing 20% and 40% of the commercial concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and T2:40% containing three by‐products (potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue) replacing 40% of the commercial concentrate on a DM basis. The ingredients were mixed and preserved in oil drum silos for 4 months. The TMR silages showed 4.02–4.44% and 1.75–2.19% for pH and lactic acid contents, respectively. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient content were higher (P < 0.05) for T2:40% feeding than for C feeding. Urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for T2:40% than for C. The results suggested 40% replacing of commercial concentrate by using the three food by‐products can be most suitable for TMR silage.     

牧草的航天诱变研究

航天诱变育种是近十几年来快速发展的农业高科技新领域,将高科技的空间技术与常规农业育种相结合,是一项高创新性育种方法,其目的是利用空间诱变技术选育植物新种质、新材料、培育新品种.我国的航天育种技术走在世界前列,已在农作物、蔬菜及花卉上广泛应用,且已通过国家或省级审定、鉴定了70多个品种,牧草航天育种尚处于初始阶段,目前主要集中于紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)方面的相关研究.为此,简要阐述了航天诱变育种的定义、机理和特点,介绍了紫花苜蓿、燕麦、猫尾草、红三叶、白三叶、黄花矶松、红豆草和沙打旺等几种牧草航天诱变研究的自身特点,以及目前我国牧草航天诱变研究进展,并提出存在的问题和今后的研究内容.     

“厕所革命”背景下的山体公园厕所布局优化——以广州越秀公园为例

越秀公园位于广州市越秀区,是广州最大的综合性山体公园,具有悠久的历史文化。随着社会发展,越秀公园的厕所配套无论是从厕位、适老设施、建筑风貌等都已经不能满足人们日益增长的需求,影响了景区的整体环境品质。公园“厕所革命”项目设计,针对现有问题,提出了“与山体环境友好相融,实现一厕一品”的改扩建策略,综合自然地貌、文化特色、智能节能、游客需求等实际设计条件,提出优化适合山体条件的园林式厕所布局方式。厕所革命使越秀公园的设施配套提升了一个高度,也增加了越秀公园的文化景观层次。     

农业保险保费补贴政策是否缓解了农产品市场风险

最近几年的中央一号文件均有涉及深化农业保险发展的内容,在进一步推进农业保险前,探究农业保险保费补贴政策是否有效降低农产品市场风险有显著的政策和现实意义。本文以首批中央财政农业保险保费补贴的农产品水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花为例,首先利用Chow检验判断中央财政出台农业保险保费补贴政策是否为大宗农产品价格变化的一个间断点,之后利用GARCH模型探究中央财政施行农业保险保费补贴后,农产品市场价格波动的风险是否发生显著变化。结果表明,农业保险保费补贴政策实施后,水稻、玉米、小麦、大豆和棉花价格的变异系数明显下降;中央财政对农业保险保费补贴是这5类农产品价格变动的一个间断点。GARCH模型证实了农业保险保费补贴政策降低了这5类农产品价格的波动程度,即农业保险保费补贴政策缓解了大宗粮棉油农产品市场风险。研究表明,中央财政补贴农业保险保费的政策,实际上是利用市场化手段间接管控农业风险,这种方式是有效的,夯实了农业保险扩面、增品、提标的必要性。     

社会化服务对农户质量安全认证行为的影响分析

社会化服务是促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接的重要途径。基于“全国新型农业经营主体发展指数调查”数据分析农户的社会化服务获取水平及其质量安全认证水平,并采用IVProbit模型分析社会化服务对农户质量安全认证行为的影响。结果表明,农户对社会化服务的平均获取数量为1.424种,通过至少一种质量安全认证的农户占比为8.5%,呈现出较低水平。社会化服务对农户的认证行为具有显著促进作用,但这种促进作用存在异质性。在社会化服务不同环节中,产后服务的促进作用最强,其次为产前服务,最后为产中服务;对不同类型农户而言,社会化服务对普通农户的促进作用强于规模农户。研究表明,缓解家庭资源禀赋约束和拓展产品销售市场是社会化服务促进农户认证行为的有效路径。因此,提出推进社会化服务的供给侧结构性改革、落实对普通农户获取社会化服务的激励政策、完善社会化服务对农户认证行为的影响路径等建议。