不同钾肥施用量对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了褐土区不同钾肥施用量对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响。结果表明．施用钾肥提高了烟株的硝酸还原酶(NR)活性和根系活力，增强了烟株生长前期叶片合成叶绿素的能力；钾素对超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性具有调节作用，在烟株生长的前期和中期有提高SOD活性的能力；栽后75d，烟株的蔗糖酶活性小于栽后60d的，施用钾肥对蔗糖酶活性有一定的提高，但是钾肥的不同用量处理间差别不大；在烤烟生长中后期，随着烟株的生长发育，根系ATP酶活性是降低的，施用钾肥提高了根系ATP酶活性。     

A Review of flavonoids against Cancer and Its Mechanism

类黄酮是植物染料，在流行病学的研究中发现其有抗癌症的作用。类黄酮是许多医用草药的主要功能性成分，表现出生物活性和预防癌症的作用。尽管类黄酮和癌症的流行病学的研究结果仍有限，但富含类黄酮的食物已被提倡。     

不同种类钾肥对烤烟生长过程中几种酶活性的影响

研究了不同种类钾肥和组合对烤烟生长过程中硝酸还原酶(NR)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、蔗糖酶(INV)、根系ATP酶活性和根系活力的影响。结果表明,有机钾肥和生物钾肥都能够提高烟株的NR活性,促进烟株早期对氮素的吸收,提高SOD活性,增强根系活力,促进INV和ATP酶活性的提高。其中生物钾肥有利于促进烤烟生长前期根系活力的提高,有机钾肥能促进生长后期的根系活力的提高。以KNO3为基础的钾肥处理比以K2SO4为基础的钾肥处理更能促进烟株的生长发育。     

增产灵对萌发小麦种子的生理生化效应

用不同浓度的PIPA处理予浸泡的小麦种子,对小麦萌发种子细胞内代谢有明显的影响。低剂量(40-80ppm)的PIPA能提高幼苗淀粉酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶活性,增加叶绿素和核酸含量,从而促进种子萌发和幼苗的生长,而高浓度(120-160ppm以上)表现出上述各项生理指标呈明显的下降趋势。实验表明,一定浓度PIPA能提高酶活性,增加叶绿素和核酸含量,促进幼苗生长良好,为后期的生长发育打下良好的基础。     

类黄酮对AM真菌侵染菌丝生长及酶活性的影响

类黄酮（hesperitin）能显著促进AM真菌[Glomus intraradices（G.i）、Acaulospora laevis（A.l）、G.i＋A.l]对宿主植物（玉米、棉花）根段的侵染,提高菌丝琥珀酸脱氢酶（Succinate dehydrogenase,SDH）和碱性磷酸酶（Alkaline phosphatase,ALP）的活性.当用15 nmol L^-1、150 nmol L^-1、1.5 μmol L^-1类黄酮处理时,第6周取样,G.i对玉米根段的侵染率分别为76.2%、84.5%、75.8%（对照为45.9%）,菌丝SDH酶活性分别为68.4%、75.9%、67.4%（对照为40.7%）,菌丝ALP酶活性分别为45.8%、51.4%、45.1%（对照为27.1%）;G.i对棉花根段的侵染率分别为85.2%、88.9%、83.8%（对照为59.8%）,菌丝SDH酶活性分别为76.8%、81.2%、75.0%（对照为53.1%）,菌丝ALP酶活性分别为51.2%、53.7%、49.4%（对照为35.2%）.同时,类黄酮能显著增加土壤中AM真菌菌丝的总量,对宿主植物（玉米、棉花）的生物量也有一定的影响.     

Hydrolase activity, microbial biomass and community structure in long-term Cd-contaminated soils

Long-term effects of high Cd concentrations on enzyme activities, microbial biomass and respiration and bacterial community structure of soils were assessed in sandy soils where Cd was added between 1988 and 1990 as Cd(NO₃)₂ to reach concentrations ranging from 0 to 0.36 mmol Cd kg⁻¹ dry weight soil. Soils were mantained under maize and grass cultivation, or ‘set-aside’ regimes, for 1 year. Solubility of Cd and its bioavailability were measured by chemical extractions or by the BIOMET bacterial biosensor system. Cadmium solubility was very low, and Cd bioavailability was barely detectable even in soils polluted with 0.36 mmol Cd kg⁻¹. Soil microbial biomass carbon (B_C) was slightly decreased and respiration was increased significantly even at the lower Cd concentration and as a consequence the metabolic quotient (qCO₂) was increased, indicating a stressful condition for soil microflora. However, Cd-contaminated soils also had a lower total organic C (TOC) content and thus the microbial biomass C-to-TOC ratio was unaffected by Cd. Alkaline phosphomonoesterase, arylsulphatase and protease activities were significantly reduced in all Cd-contaminated soils whereas acid phosphomonoesterase, β-glucosidase and urease activites were unaffected by Cd. Neither changes in physiological groups of bacteria, nor of Cd resistant bacteria could be detected in numbers of the culturable bacterial community. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of the bacterial community showed slight changes in maize cropped soils containing 0.18 and 0.36 mmol Cd kg⁻¹ soil as compared to the control. It was concluded that high Cd concentrations induced mainly physiological adaptations rather than selection for metal-resistant culturable soil microflora, regardless of Cd concentration, and that some biochemical parameters were more sensitive to stress than others.     

钙对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

研究了外源Ca2 对盐胁迫下耐盐性不同的两个水稻品种(武育粳3号和IR36)几种抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明:适量的Ca2 供应能有效提高水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,使之维持在较高的水平上,并降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性。此外,外源Ca2 还增加了抗坏血酸(AsA)的含量,增强了水稻幼苗的根系活力。这表明适量的外源Ca2 供应提高水稻耐盐性的原因之一,在于其增强了植株的活性氧清除能力以及对细胞膜的稳定作用。     

Effects of pasture improvement and intensive cultivation on microbial biomass,enzyme activities,and composition and size of earthworm populations

We investigated the quantity and distribution of organic C, microbial biomass C, protease, arylsulphatase and arylphosphatase activity, and earthworm numbers and biomass in the soil from a 37-year-old grazed pasture supplied with superphosphate at rates of 0, 188, and 376 kg ha^-1 annually. The results were compared with a non-irrigated wilderness site which had not been used for agriculture and an arable site that had been intensively cultivated for 11 consecutive years. In the 0- to 5-cm layer, organic C followed the trend arableAporrectodea caliginosa (77–89% of total numbers) although Lumbricus rubellus made an increasing contribution to the population with increasing superphosphate rates. In the unirrigated wilderness site the population consisted of 56% A. caliginosa and 44% L. rubellus. While Octolasion cyaneum and A. rosea made up a small proportion of the population in the improved pasture sites, they were not present in the wilderness or arable sites. A. caliginosa was the only species present in the arable site. The mean fresh weight of individuals followed the order arable相似文献   

Stability of desiccated rhizosphere soil aggregates of mycorrhizal Juniperus oxycedrus grown in a desertified soil amended with a composted organic residue

Adequate soil structural stability favours the establishment and viability of a stable plant cover, protecting the soil against water erosion in desertified Mediterranean environments. We studied the effect of soil drying-rewetting, inoculation with a mixture of three exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, Glomus deserticola (Trappe, Bloss. & Menge) and Glomus mosseae (Nicol & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe) and addition of a composted organic residue on aggregate stabilisation of the rhizosphere soil of Juniperus oxycedrus. The AM fungi and composted residue produced similar increases in plant growth, independently of the water conditions. Under well-watered conditions, the highest percentages of stable aggregates were recorded in the amended soil, followed by the soil inoculated with AM fungi. Excepting microbial biomass C, the soil drying increased labile C fractions (water soluble C, water soluble and total carbohydrates), whereas the rewetting decreased significantly such C fractions. Desiccation caused a significant increase in aggregate stability of the rhizosphere soil of all plants, particularly in the amended and inoculated plants. In all treatments, the aggregates formed after soil drying were unstable, since, in the rewetting, they disappear, reaching the initial levels before soil drying. Our results suggest that the aggregation mechanisms developed by rhizosphere microbial community of the amended and inoculated plants under water stress can be particularly relevant in desertified soils exposed to long desiccation periods.     

Laccase and phosphatase activities of the dominant ectomycorrhizal types in a lowland oak forest

The year-round dynamics of laccase and acid phosphatase activities of ectomycorrhizas (EM) were monitored in an oak forest, with a microplate photometric method using individual EM root tips. Among the most frequent and abundant EM morphotypes, those of Lactarius quietus and Cortinarius anomalus showed a peak of laccase activity in spring, while those of Xerocomus chrysenteron displayed highest laccase activities in summer and autumn. In comparison, less seasonal differences were observed in EM acid phosphatase activity. This suggests that the different EM types within the EM community perform complementary functions depending on season.