SN—924酶激活剂在大豆上的应用效果分析

在大豆上应用ＳＮ－９２４酶激活剂，可加快幼苗生长，增加叶片叶绿素含量和光合速率；单株结荚率提高１０％，产量增加１２％。     

Protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ on vascular endothelial cell injury induced by hyperlipidemia serum

AIM and METHODS: The protective effects of multi-enzyme Ⅱ was studied on cultured endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia serum. RESULTS: Hyperlipidemia serum increased ICAM-1 expression on the surface of endothelial cells, and decreased NO₂^- release significantly (P＜0.01). ICAM-1 expression could be reduced and NO₂^- release could be enhanced markedly by multi-enzyme Ⅱ (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Multi-enzyme Ⅱ had an obvious protective effect on vascular endothelial cells which was injuried by hyperlipidemia seurm. Multi-enzyme Ⅱ could clean out oxide free radicals effectively because it had the acitive structure of both SOD and CAT.     

供氮水平对香根草光合特性和抗氧化酶活性的影响

 通过水培试验,研究了0、1、8、16 mmol·L^-1 4个供氮水平下香根草叶片净光合速率（Pn）、叶绿素荧光参数、抗氧化酶类活性和MDA、脯氨酸含量的变化。结果表明，随着氮浓度的增加，香根草叶片Pn、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSII电子传递量子产率（ФPSⅡ）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）、非光化学猝灭系数（NPQ）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性先升高后降低，8 mmol·L^-1氮浓度时达最大，16 mmol·L^-1氮浓度时最小，而1 mmol·L^-1与8 mmol·L^-1氮浓度时相比差异不显著；随着氮浓度的增加，过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量则先下降后升高；游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量上升。这些结果说明香根草叶片在低氮情况下能保持较高的Fv/Fm、ФPSⅡ、qP和抗氧化酶活性。     

砀山酥梨不同发育时期套袋对石细胞发育的影响

 以不同发育时期套袋处理的砀山酥梨为试材, 研究了果实石细胞团的密度、大小、含量、几种相关酶的活性变化及果实品质等。结果表明, 套袋后果实可滴定酸含量显著高于对照, 而可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖含量、单果质量及果实内石细胞含量等均低于对照; 果实内石细胞团的分布密度在幼果期较高,随着果实发育膨大密度渐低, 接近成熟前两个月左右趋于稳定, 石细胞团的纵径、横径是随着果实发育先增大后减小, 而后又稍有增大, 果实石细胞含量也是先增加后减少, 在盛花后49 d达到最大值。不同时期套袋的果实内苯丙氨酸解氨酶、过氧化物酶及多酚氧化酶的活性均低于对照, 其活性变化是在果实发育初期较高, 盛花后63～77 d处于低水平, 且缓慢下降, 这与果实内石细胞最终含量成正相关。     

The carboxyterminal processing protease of D1 protein: Herbicidal activity of novel inhibitors of the recombinant and native spinach enzymes

The carboxyterminal processing protease of D1 protein (CtpA) is predicted to be an excellent target for the discovery of a general broad-spectrum herbicide. Directed and random screening of compounds against recombinant spinach CtpA (rCtpA) has led to the discovery of five different chemical classes of inhibitors. Lead compounds from each inhibitor class were investigated for their in vitro effects on the activities of both recombinant and native spinach CtpA. All of the lead compounds have K_i values of less than 50 μM when tested against rCtpA, and all except one showed competitive inhibition. Results from partially purified native CtpA from spinach were similar to those from the recombinant form of the enzyme, thus validating the use of rCtpA in the inhibitor screen. Compounds from three of the classes of CtpA inhibitors show in vivo herbicidal activity against Arabidopsis thaliana when applied either by addition to growth media or by spraying the leaves. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants which over-express CtpA showed greater resistance to the compounds than wild-type plants providing evidence that these inhibitors are directly acting against CtpA.     

黑麦日粮中添加不同酶制剂对肉仔鸡生产性能及肠道食糜粘度的影响

本文用１８０只肉仔鸡,进行饲养试验,研究黑麦日粮添加４种不同酶制剂,ＮＱ、ＲＭ１、ＲＭ２和ＲＭ３,对肉仔鸡的生产性能以及肠道食糜及泄殖腔粪样粘度的影响。酶制剂ＮＱ和ＲＭ１含有高的木聚糖酶活（７７００ＩＵ／ｇ,３４５０ＩＵ／ｇ）能极显著改进（Ｐ＜０．０１）增重（８．４％,１６．０％）和饲料转化率（１５．４％,１４．４％）,ＲＭ２,含有相对低的木聚糖酶（６０ＩＵ／ｇ）和相对高的阿拉伯呋喃糖苷酶活（５．３ＩＵ／ｇ）,产生类似的效果（Ｐ＜０．０１）：增重提高１０．５％,饲料转化率提高１１．８％,然而ＲＭ３,由于含木聚糖酶活较低（５ＩＵ／ｇ）和较高的蛋白酶活（８０ＩＵ／ｇ）,则对增重无效,但亦可改善饲料转化率（６．４％,Ｐ＜０．０５）。上述酶制剂在降低肠道食糜和泄殖腔粪样粘度方面与增重和饲料转化率有相同的趋势。一般说来,日粮中添加的酶量与食糜相应的粘度成倒数关系。这些结果证明：具有较高木聚糖酶活的酶制剂能明显降低肠道食糜和泄殖腔粪样的粘度,从而改善饲喂黑麦日粮肉仔鸡的生产性能。     

Growth performance and metabolic utilization of diets with native and waxy maize starch by gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) juveniles

The effect of dietary starch source and level on growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility coefficients and liver enzyme activities involved in intermediary metabolism of gilthead sea bream juveniles was studied. Five isonitrogenous (47% crude protein) and isolipidic (15% crude lipids) diets were formulated to contain 10% native (diet NS10) or waxy (diet WS10) maize starch; 20% native (diet NS20) or waxy (diet WS20) maize starch or no starch (control). Diets were adjusted with α-cellulose. Another diet was formulated without carbohydrates, and contained 70% crude protein and 15% crude lipids (diet HP). Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 30 fish (initial weight: 20 g) for 12 weeks. The HP group was fed to near satiation and the other 5 groups were fed on a pair-feeding scheme according to the group that ingested less feed (control diet group). The reduction of dietary protein level from 70% to 47% by the incorporation of 20% starch did not significantly affect gilthead sea bream growth performance or feed efficiency. Compared to the control diet, neither the level nor the nature of starch had any measurable effect on growth performance and feed efficiency. Digestibility of starch was unaffected by source or dietary inclusion level. Diet had no effect on plasma glucose levels, but liver glycogen was higher in diet groups NS20, WS20 and HP. Dietary carbohydrates increased GK and G6PD enzyme activities and decreased ALAT and GDH enzyme activities while had only a minor effect on FBPase activity. The nature of dietary starch tested (native or waxy) had little influence on performance criteria.     

Effect of maturity and storage temperature on the development of peteca in lemons (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F.) cv. Eureka

To evaluate the effect of maturity and storage temperature on the development of the physiological disorder peteca, lemons cv. Eureka were harvested from a grove with northern exposure located in Mallarauco (33°45′ Latitude South) Metropolitan Region of Chile, at 2 levels of maturity (silver or yellow). After storage for 60 d at 3 or 7 °C, under 90% R.H., fruits were evaluated visually for incidence of epidermal and subepidermal peteca. At that time, the concentration of galacturonic acid and degree of methylation were measured in the albedo, and calcium, hydrogen peroxides and total oxalate concentrations, peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activities were determined in the juice and albedo. Yellow lemons at 3 °C developed more epidermal peteca than fruit stored at 7 °C, and that silver fruit stored at 3 and 7 °C, with these last lemons presenting a higher pectin quality than fruit stored at 3 °C. Maturity and temperature interacted significantly on the concentrations of peroxide and calcium in the albedo, which in average were much higher than in the juice, while for PPO and peroxidases, this interaction was highly significant both in juice and albedo, with higher activity in the albedo. These biochemical evaluations suggest that peteca is a result of some kind of stress on the fruit. It is concluded that yellow lemons are more prone to develop peteca than silver fruit. They will develop greater incidence of the disorder when stored at temperatures as low as 3 °C for 60 d, and that this condition affects the degree of methylation in the albedo, which would end up altering the quality of pectins.     

藏沙蒿与多年生禾草混播对西藏沙化草地土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的影响

为分析藏沙蒿(Artemisia wellbyi)与多年生禾草混播3年的土壤酶活性和微生物生物量的含量特征,筛选出修复效果最好的混播比例,本研究采用比色和氯仿熏蒸的方法分别测定不同处理下的土壤酶活性和微生物生物量,以藏沙蒿、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)和细茎冰草(Agropyron trachycaulhum)不同比例混播为处理,分别为T₁(4∶1∶2),T₂(4∶2∶1)和T₃(5∶1∶1),同时以未修复沙化草地为对照(CK),并与天然草地(NG)作比较。结果表明：与CK相比,3个比例混播处理均能改善土壤理化性质、提高土壤酶活性和微生物生物量碳氮磷含量,以T₃处理的效果最好。相关性分析表明,土壤酶活性与有机质、速效钾和全氮呈正相关;土壤微生物生物量与有效磷、碱解氮和含水量呈正相关。因此,灌草混播时,适当增加灌木的占比有利于土壤养分及生物学特性的恢复。     

Changes in carbohydrase activities during vegetative growth and development of fruit-bodies of Hypsizygus marmoreus grown in sawdust-based culture

Carbohydraseproduction of Hypsizygus marmoreus cultured on sawdust rice bran medium by bottle cultivation was investigated to elucidate the carbohydrase utilized as the growth substrate for the fruit-body formation of this fungus. Among the extracellular enzymes assayed, xylanase showed the highest activity. This activity greatly increased during the end of vegetative mycelial growth and fruit-body formation. Among the cellulases. CM-cellulase showed higher activity than avicelase. The activities of -1,3-glucanase, amylase, and chitinase were low. Among the intracellular enzymes, both xylanase and amylase showed higher activity levels than the other carbohydrases. In contrast, -1,3-glucanase, avicelase, and chitinase activities in mycelia were considerably lower. These results suggest that xylanase, CM-cellulase, and amylase play an important role in mycelial maturation and fruit-body growth of H. marmoreus.