高剂量丙酸锌对蛋鸡换羽和换羽后产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响

将240只66周龄罗曼蛋鸡（平均2.46 kg）随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮在基础日粮基础上分别添加0.5%,1.0%和1.5%丙酸锌,以研究丙酸锌对蛋鸡换羽和产蛋性能及鸡蛋品质的影响。结果表明：0.5%,1.0%和1.5%丙酸锌组,蛋鸡的采食量、体重、腹脂重、卵巢重和黄色卵胞数量显著降低（P〈0.05）;1.0%和1.5%丙酸锌组输卵管重量显著降低（P〈0.05）。丙酸锌的3个处理组蛋鸡血清LH、FSH和E2含量均显著降低（P〈0.05）;1.0%和1.5%的丙酸锌处理组蛋鸡产蛋率显著升高（P〈0.05）,蛋壳相对重、蛋壳厚度均比对照组显著增加（P〈0.05）;蛋重、蛋比重、蛋黄指数、蛋形指数、哈夫单位和蛋白高度差差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。结论：丙酸锌能够引起蛋鸡换羽,提高蛋壳质量。     

Diversity in White Lupin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Lupinus albus</Emphasis> L.) Landraces from Northwest Iberianplateau

All the accessions (35) of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landraces collected from northwest Iberian plateau and maintained at the Spanish germplasm collection (CRF of INIA), were studied with the general objective of assessing the biodiversity of these landraces and to ascertain their value as genetic resources for the development of germplasm adapted to the areas where they were collected with long and chilly winters. The characterization study comprised 51 qualitative and 50 quantitative characters. Quantitative parameters were analyzed by Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The 2-dimensional plot (49.3% of cumulative variability) formed a main group of accessions and 4 outliers (#1, #9, #27 and #28) separated in the first PC. The characters with a higher contribution to the first PC were inflorescence length, leaf petiole length and leaf central foliole area. The presence of alkaloids, the percentage of plants killed by soil borne fungal diseases, the phenology, the yield per plant and yield components were also assessed. Twenty six accessions (the main group in the PCA plot) showed high homogeneity, with the following highlights: bitterness, indeterminate growth habit, early ripeness and spring sowing with the exception of #18, in which seeding date is unknown and it had a later phenology. By contrast accessions #9 and #27 were bitter of autumn sowing with determinate growing habit and they had the longest values of primary inflorescence length and a later phenology when they were sown in spring. Average values for yield and yield components showed a broad range of variation between accessions. The main yield component was the number of pods per plant. Accession #22 had the highest mean seed mass, although this had not significant influence in yield. Accession #17 showed the highest yield and #1 the lowest. This last also had the lowest values of inflorescence length, leaf petiole length and leaf central foliole area. No significant differences of resistance to soil-borne fungi were found between accessions. The year had a significant effect in the phenology, yield and yield components except for number of seeds per pod. The studied material might be of interest for the development of spring sowing germplasm adapted to north Iberian peninsula.     

Above- and belowground ecosystem biomass and carbon pools in an age-sequence of temperate pine plantation forests

We assessed the successional development of above- and belowground ecosystem biomass and carbon (C) pools in an age-sequence of four White pine (Pinus strobus L.) plantation stands (2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-years-old) in Southern Ontario, Canada. Biomass and C stocks of above- and belowground live and dead tree biomass, understorey and forest ground vegetation, forest floor C (LFH-layer), and woody debris were determined from plot-level inventories and destructive tree sampling. Small root biomass (<5 mm) and mineral soil C stocks were estimated from soil cores. Aboveground tree biomass became the major ecosystem C pool with increasing age, reaching 0.5, 66, 92, and 176 t ha⁻¹ in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively. Tree root biomass increased from 0.1 to 10, 18, 38 t ha⁻¹ in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively, contributing considerably to the total ecosystem C in the three older stands. Forest floor C was 0.8, 7.5, 5.4, and 12.1 t C ha⁻¹ in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively, indicating an increase during the first two decades, but no further age-effect during the later growth phase. Mineral soil C was age-independent with 37.2, 33.9, 39.1, and 36.7 t C ha⁻¹ in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively. Aboveground ecosystem C increased with age from 3 to 40, 52, and 100 t C ha⁻¹ in the 2-, 15-, 30-, and 65-year-old stands, respectively, due to an increase in aboveground tree biomass. Belowground ecosystem C remained similiar in the early decades after establishment with 37, 39, and 39 t C ha⁻¹ in the 2-, 15-, and 30-year-old stands, but increased to 56 t C ha⁻¹ in the 65-year-old stand due to an increase in root biomass. The difference in total ecosystem C between the 2- and 65-year-old stand was 116 t C ha⁻¹. Our results highlight the importance of considering the successional development of forest ecosystem C pools, when estimating C sink potentials over their complete life cycle.     

不同施肥措施对白土腐殖质组成的影响

以白土稻区4年大田定位试验为基础,设置2种翻耕深度(10 cm、20 cm,分别标记为T10、T20)和4种施肥措施(单施化肥、化肥+畜禽粪肥、化肥+秸秆还田、化肥+绿肥,分别标记为F、F+M、F+S、F+G),通过腐殖质组成修改法分别提取表层土壤水溶性物质、胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素,研究不同施肥措施对白土腐殖质各组分碳含量的影响。结果表明:单施化肥措施下,翻耕20 cm处理(T20+F)土壤总有机碳和腐殖质各组分碳含量均低于翻耕10 cm处理(T10+F),但差异未达显著水平。在翻耕20 cm的基础上增施有机肥能显著提高土壤总有机碳和腐殖质各组分碳含量,增施畜禽粪(T20+F+M)、秸秆还田(T20+F+S)和增施绿肥(T20+F+G)3处理的土壤总有机碳、胡敏酸、富里酸和水溶性物质碳含量较T20+F处理分别提高14.57%~30.64%、10.36%~30.57%、0.74%~12.31%和14.25%~26.80%。增施有机肥显著提高胡敏素碳含量,T20+F+M、T20+F+S和T20+F+G处理较T20+F处理提高18.87%~35.78%。4年不同翻耕与施肥措施对白土腐殖质性质未产生显著影响。增施有机肥能一定程度上提高土壤PQ值、胡富比、E4/E6值和色调系数。相关性分析表明,胡敏素、胡敏酸、富里酸碳含量与总有机碳含量间均存在显著或极显著正相关,与水溶性物质碳含量间无明显相关性。     

山毛豆、木豆、猪屎豆在高速公路边坡生态恢复工程中的应用

山毛豆、木豆、猪屎豆这三种灌木耐旱耐瘠、抗逆性强、根系发达、枝叶繁茂、生长迅速,可涵养水土,提高地力。在云南元磨、思小等高速公路边坡生态恢复中的应用结果表明:以山毛豆、木豆、猪屎豆这三种灌木为主进行绿化,所形成的植物群落较稳定,绿化护坡效果好,对干旱、风沙等的抗逆性强,特别适用于热带、亚热带公路、堤坝的边坡水土保持及生态恢复工程。     

甘肃白猪胴体性状的遗传特性

对甘肃白猪胴体性状及２０～９０ｋｇ阶段日增重的遗传参数进行了估测，并根据估测结果对各性状的遗传特性和各性状间的相互关系进行了分析。此外，还讨论了在选种选育过程中应注意的问题。     

论《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》对《白孔雀》的影响

从《白孔雀》的环境景物描写、作品的人物形象塑造和结构方式几个方面进行比较分析 ,得出结论 :劳伦斯的《白孔雀》受到乔治·艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》的影响     

朗德鹅与皖西白鹅肌肉品质比较研究

对70日龄朗德鹅和皖西白鹅的肌肉品质进行研究。分别对朗德鹅和皖西白鹅的屠宰性能、肉常规品质和胸、腿肌纤维密度与肌纤维直径进行了测定。结果表明:10周龄朗德鹅肌肉的失水率、系水力和pH值差异不显著,各组朗德鹅胸肌与腿肌的肌直径大于各组皖西白鹅,且差异显著(P<0.05),而各组朗德鹅胸肌与腿肌的肌纤维密度低于各组皖西白鹅值,且差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:朗德鹅的肌肉品质明显优于皖西白鹅。     

北京鸭中脑脊髓通路的起源和细胞构筑：HRP逆行追踪法研究

在脊髓的颈中部、颈膨大部和腰膨大部单侧注射或包埋HRP(辣根过氧化物酶),逆行追踪了28例北京鸭,对中脑至脊髓的传导通路的起始部位、细胞构筑和机能进行了系统的研究。发现大量标记细胞分布在中脑对侧的红核,双测的Cajal中介核、中央灰质和动眼神经副交感核(即EW核)内。此外,还发现少量标记细胞分布在中脑中缝核和双侧的中脑外侧网状结构。而在顶盖内,没有任何部位出现标记细胞。研究结果表明,北京鸭除具有红核脊髓束外,还存在着Cajal中介核至脊髓的直接传导通路,EW核至脊髓的直接传导通路以及中缝核和网状结构至脊髓的直接传导通路,而不存在与哺乳类相似的顶盖脊髓束。     

3种来源的野生斑节对虾携带病毒情况调查

利用PCR方法,对2008年取自3个斑节对虾主产地（中国、泰国、非洲）的野生斑节对虾亲虾进行主要病毒病筛查。在所检测的210例野生亲虾样本中,均发现携带白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）、传染性皮下及造血组织坏死病毒（IHHNV）或斑节对虾杆状病毒（MBV）的阳性样本,其中泰国来源的斑节对虾亲虾WSSV携带率最高,达到89.8%,而中国来源的斑节对虾亲虾IHHNV携带率最高,为8.8%。12例样本同时检测出WSSV和IHHNV（阳性率为5.7%）。该结果揭示3种来源的斑节对虾亲虾普遍携带WSSV和IHHNV,其中WSSV仍然是感染斑节对虾的主要病原。调查结果增进了对斑节对虾主产区野生亲虾健康状况的了解,并在一定程度上揭示了WSSV感染的新规律。