20年持续施钾对烤烟/油菜轮作土壤钾素Q/I关系的影响

研究长期施钾下烤烟/油菜轮作土壤钾素供应能力变化特征及其机制,为农田合理施用钾肥和农业土壤发生发育的研究提供科学依据。烤烟/油菜轮作下选取连续20 a烤烟季施钾量0、187.5和375 kg·hm~(-2)处理,测算其土壤钾素表观平衡(K_(ab))以及土壤钾素容量和强度关系曲线(Q/I曲线)的土壤钾素平衡活度比(AR_e)、土壤活性钾(K_L)、非专性活性钾(-ΔK_0)、专性活性钾(K_X)、土壤钾位缓冲容量(PBC)、K~+与Ca~(2+)+Mg~(2+)交换自由能(-ΔG)等参数,以及速效钾(K_(av))、缓效钾(K_(nex))、K~+饱和度(K_S)、黏土矿物组分等土壤性质,分析Q/I曲线参数变化及其与土壤理化性质变化之间的关系。结果表明,经过20 a定位试验后,AR_e在0.38×10~(-3)～8.91×10~(-3)(mol·L~(-1))~(0.5)之间,-ΔK_0在0.02～0.55 cmol·kg~(-1)之间,K_L在1.61～2.16 cmol·kg~(-1)之间,K_X在1.06～2.14 cmol·kg~(-1)之间,PBC在6.20～7.76 cmol·kg~(-1)(mol·L~(-1))~(0.5)之间,-ΔG在11.70～19.72 kJ·mol~(-1)之间。持续施钾土壤的AR_e、-ΔK_0较不施钾土壤显著增大,K_L、K_X、PBC、-ΔG较不施钾土壤显著减小。AR_e、-ΔK_0与K_(av)、K_(nex)、K_S、K_(ab)呈极显著正相关,K_L、K_X、PBC、-ΔG与K_(av)、K_(nex)、K_S、K_(ab)呈极显著负相关。土壤钾素Q/I曲线参数彼此之间显著相关。上述指标可被整合成一个主成分指标,不施钾肥土壤的主成分指标值显著大于施钾肥土壤。施钾肥土壤的活性钾主要保持在黏土矿物晶体的契形边缘点位,植物有效性较高,不施钾肥土壤的活性钾主要保持在黏土矿物晶体的层间点位,植物有效性降低。不施钾肥土壤的蛭石含量高于施钾土壤,而伊利石含量小于施钾土壤。综上,土壤钾素Q/I参数AR_e、-ΔK_0、K_L、K_x、PBC和-ΔG可作为土壤供钾能力指标,土壤钾素表观平衡驱动了土壤钾素Q/I曲线形状与参数分异、土壤供钾能力分异及土壤黏土矿物变化,施钾肥量越大、土壤钾素盈余越大,土壤供钾能力越强。长期钾素亏缺下,矿物钾转化为专性活性钾的速率大于专性活性钾释放成非专性活性钾的速率。长期钾素亏缺导致伊利石向蛭石转化。     

玉米HD-ZIP I亚家族基因鉴定及表达分析

转录因子是植物响应逆境胁迫的重要调节因子,在其整个生长发育过程中发挥着重要的作用。HD-ZIP家族蛋白是植物中特有的一大类转录因子,包含4个亚家族(HD-ZIP I^IV),其中HD-ZIP I亚家族成员主要参与干旱、渗透压等极端环境和ABA及乙烯等激素处理的响应过程。本文采用隐马可夫模型(HMM)在玉米参考基因组中鉴定到17个HD-ZIP I亚家族成员,这些基因不均匀分布于玉米6条染色体上,与水稻的亲缘关系要近于拟南芥。玉米HDZIP I亚家族基因在玉米7种组织中表现出多种表达模式,具有明显的组织表达特异性。另外, HD-ZIP I亚家族基因对高盐、淹水及冷害等不同的逆境胁迫处理呈现出不同的响应模式及响应程度差异。5种不同激素处理后,玉米HD-ZIP I亚家族基因也表现出复杂的响应模式。这些结果为进一步解析玉米HD-ZIP I亚家族基因的生物学功能和作用机理提供了一定的参考价值。     

‘72杨’韧皮部的构造与理化性能

将‘72杨’、杉木和毛竹的木质部进行对比试验,观察并测试‘72杨’韧皮部的解剖构造以及理化特性,为其高值化利用提供基础数据。使用场发射环境扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等设备和NREL标准对‘72杨’韧皮部的微观结构、结晶度、化学成分等物化性质进行测定与分析。研究结果表明,‘72杨’韧皮部中韧皮薄壁细胞和筛管分子占细胞总面积的(81.9±1.8)%,结构相对简单。‘72杨’韧皮部气干密度为0.358 g/cm3,绝干密度为0.321 g/cm3;而木质部的相应密度较高,分别为0.497和0.482 g/cm3;‘72杨’韧皮部结晶度仅为19.4%,比木质部低8.7%。‘72杨’韧皮部纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的含量分别为28.7%,11.1%,24.1%,均低于木质部中相应成分的含量,且木质化程度低,半纤维素以木糖为主。此外,由红外谱图发现‘72杨’韧皮部含有单宁、酚类、胼胝质等物质。‘72杨’韧皮部具有低密多孔、结构疏松、结晶度低、木质素含量低、抽提物含量高等特点。因此,‘72杨’韧皮部特别有利于机械(能耗低)或化学(抗降解屏障低)降解以及物化改性(多孔、可及性强),可提取酚类、单宁、胼胝质等物质用于工业应用,研究结果可为‘72杨’韧皮部的高值化利用提供重要的理论依据。     

New angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide from Coix prolamin and its influence on the gene expression of renin-angiotensin system in vein endothelial cells

Coix seed, which is a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat hypertension for thousands of years. It has been shown that Coix prolamin peptides display high levels of angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Hence, we purified the ACE inhibitory peptides from Coix prolamin hydrolysates and evaluated the influence of the most potent peptide on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) genes expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, Coix prolamin peptides were sequentially separated by ultrafiltration, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography and RP-HPLC, while the peptide structure was analyzed by mass spectrometry. Next, in silico proteolysis, pharmacophore and molecular docking were further applied to screen and optimize the structure of peptides. Finally, a novel ACE inhibitory peptide VDMF was obtained, in which its influence on the gene expression of RAS signaling pathway in AngⅡ-injury HUVECs was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. VDMF significantly down-regulated ACE, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R) and ACE2 mRNA expression in comparation with model group, while up-regulating Mas gene expression. Hence, we obtained a novel antihypertensive candidate that was derived from the Coix peptides, which could involve a multi-modulation mechanism that regulates blood pressure.     

Cardiac arrhythmias and serum cardiac troponins in Vipera palaestinae envenomation in dogs

BACKGROUND: Vipera palaestinae is responsible for most poisonous envenomations in people and animals in Israel. Cardiac arrhythmias were reported in a retrospective study of V. palaestinae envenomations in dogs. HYPOTHESIS: Cardiac arrhythmias in V. palaestinae-envenomed dogs are associated with myocardial injury reflected by increased serum concentrations of cardiac troponins (cTns). ANIMALS: Forty-eight client-owned dogs envenomed by V. palaestinae. METHODS: Blood sampling (serum biochemistry and cTns, CBC, and coagulation tests) and electrocardiography were performed periodically up to 72 hours postenvenomation. Cardiac rhythm strips were assessed blindly for the presence and type of arrhythmias. RESULTS: Serum cTn-T and cTn-I concentrations were increased in 25% (n = 12) and 65% (n = 31) of the dogs at least once during hospitalization, respectively. Arrhythmias were identified in 29% (n = 14) of the dogs. Dogs with increased cTn-T had a significantly higher occurrence of arrhythmias (58 versus 19%), and higher resting heart rate upon admission and within the following 24 hours. Dogs with increased serum cTn-T concentrations were hospitalized for a significantly (P= .001) longer period compared to those with normal serum cTn-T concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Dogs envenomed by V. palaestinae appear to sustain some degree of myocardial injury, as reflected by increased serum cTn concentrations and by the occurrence of arrhythmias. The latter should alert clinicians to a potentially ongoing cardiac injury. An increase in cTn-T may be of clinical relevance and indicate a cardiac injury in V. palaestinae envenomations in dogs.     

Cardiac troponin I is elevated in dogs and cats with azotaemia renal failure and in dogs with non-cardiac systemic disease

OBJECTIVE: To determine if dogs and cats with renal failure, or other severe non-cardiac disease, and no antemortem evidence of cardiac disease on basic clinical evaluation, have elevated levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study using 56 dogs and 14 cats with primary non-cardiac disease (39 dogs with azotaemic renal failure, 14 cats with azotaemic renal failure, 17 dogs with non-cardiac systemic disease); 7/25 dogs and 6/14 cats had murmurs detected on physical examination. Serum or heparinised plasma was collected and analysed for cTnI. RESULTS: Cardiac troponin I concentrations were elevated above reference intervals in 70% of dogs and 70% of cats with azotaemic renal failure and in 70% of dogs with a variety of systemic non-cardiac diseases. Cardiac troponin I concentrations did not correlate with the degree of azotaemia, presence of murmurs, hypertension or type of non-cardiac illness. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac troponin I concentration is often elevated in dogs and cats with azotaemic renal failure and in dogs with other systemic non-cardiac illness, suggesting that these conditions often result in clinically inapparent myocardial injury or possibly altered elimination of cTnI.     

SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光PCR检测网状内皮增生症病毒方法的建立

根据禽网状内皮组织增生症病毒(REV)长末端重复序列LTR基因保守区域设计并合成一对引物,建立基于SYBR GreenI模式的实时荧光PCR方法(Real-timePCR)。以常规PCR产物为标准品建立标准曲线,并对方法的特异性、敏感性、可重复性以及再现性、检出率进行评价。结果表明,该方法只从REV阳性样本检出扩增信号,不与其它病原出现交叉反应;熔解温度为86.8±0.5℃,无引物二聚体;扩增产物片段大小为270bp,与预期大小相符,测序结果证实为REV靶序列;在1.01×102～1.01×109拷贝之间呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999,扩增效率为99.7%,最低可检测101拷贝/反应阳性标准品,比常规PCR敏感103倍;组内变异系数、组间变异系数分别为4.80%～5.72%、0.75%～3.87%;对16例临床疑似病例进行检测,阳性率为81.25%(13/16),随机抽取7份阳性扩增产物进行测序,证实为REV序列。本研究建立的SYBR GreenI实时荧光PCR特异性强、通量高、灵敏度高、检测速度快,为REV的快速检测、分子流行病学调查以及监测REV污染疫苗情况提供新方法。     

Resting concentrations of cardiac troponin I in fit horses and effect of racing

ObjectivesTo determine normal resting values for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in healthy Standardbred, Thoroughbred and Warmblood horses and investigate if racing has an influence on cTnI concentrations.BackgroundMeasuring cTnI concentrations in plasma is the gold standard for detecting myocardial injury in humans. Cardiac troponin I is highly conserved between species and has gained interest as a marker for cardiac injury in horses. Increased levels of cTnI have been reported in association with endurance and short-term strenuous exercise on a treadmill in horses. However, the effect of true racing conditions has not yet been reported.Animals, materials and methodsBlood samples for analysis of cTnI concentrations in plasma were collected from 67 Standardbred racehorses, 34 Thoroughbred racehorses and 35 Warmblood dressage horses at rest. Blood samples were also collected prior to and after racing in 22 Standardbred racehorses and 6 Thoroughbred racehorses.ResultsAll horses except one had resting plasma cTnI concentrations <0.022 μg/L. Mild increases in cTnI concentrations were seen in some horses 1–2 h after the race (1/17 Standardbreds and 2/6 Thoroughbreds) as well as 10–14 h after the race (4/21 Standardbreds and 1/6 Thoroughbreds).ConclusionsResting cTnI concentrations in horses are low but mildly elevated cTnI concentrations may be detected in some horses 1–14 h after racing. These findings could be of importance when evaluating horses with suspected cardiac disease that recently have performed hard exercise.     

Expression of natural killer cell stimulatory receptor NKG2D and its ligand MICA in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau

AIM: To investigate the expression of natural killer cell stimulation receptor D(NKG2D) in peripheral blood and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A(MICA) on the gastric carcinoma tissue and the neighboring non-cancerous tissue in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau. METHODS: Samples of 33 patients and 20 healthy persons were collected to detect NKG2D in peripheral blood by Flow cytometry analysis. The expressions of MICA in part of the correspondent tissues were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The expression of NKG2D in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer group (13.47 ±5.26)% was significantly lower than that in healthy groups (32.62±10.08)%. The mRNA level of MICA in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in neighboring non-cancerous tissue (P<0.05). The expressions of MICA proteins showed a significant difference between the neighboring non-cancerous tissue (21.21%, 7/33) and the gastric carcinoma tissue (78.79%, 26/33), between the high differentiation (60.00%, 3/5) and the moderate (72.73%, 8/11), low differentiation (88.24%, 15/17). The expressions of MICA were not correlated with tumor size, sex, age, lymph node metastasis of the patients (P>0.05). Spearman rank correlation displayed that the expressions of MICA mRNA were positively correlated with the MICA protein level (r=0.903, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The immune escape in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau probably relates to the down-regulation of NKG2D and the up-regulation of its ligand MICA. The activity of NK cells and the anti-cancer cellular immunity level are descending in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer. The decrease in the receptor NKG2D is a reason for the activity of NK cell descending.     

两种鸢尾幼苗对Cd胁迫的生理耐性探讨

以马蔺(Iris lactea var.chinensis)和鸢尾(I. tectorum)2种耐性不同的鸢尾属植物为材料,采用溶液培养试验,研究了10、120 mg/L Cd胁迫下2种鸢尾幼苗膜透性、可溶性糖和蛋白以及根系生长等的生理耐性差异.结果表明:10 mg/L低Cd胁迫和120 mg/L高Cd胁迫均导致2种鸢尾幼苗叶片膜透性(CMP)增加;马蔺根系活力、可溶性糖和蛋白含量在低浓度Cd胁迫下增加,高浓度Cd胁迫下根系活力和可溶性糖含量出现下降趋势,而可溶性蛋白含量持续增加;鸢尾根系活力在低浓度和高浓度Cd胁迫下均呈下降趋势,可溶性糖和蛋白含量随Cd浓度增加表现为先增后降的趋势.