4种福建乡土竹种的纤维形态分析

对4年生大木竹、椽竹、苦绿竹、橄榄竹的纤维长度、纤维宽度进行了显微观测与分析,结果表明,4个竹种的平均纤维长度为2.12～2.58mm,属略长至甚长纤维范畴,平均纤维宽度在11.69～12.75μm,各竹种的纤维长宽比为160～220,均适用于制纸原料。纤维形态在竹秆的不同部位存在着差别,在纵向上,竹材中部的纤维较长,基部次之,顶部居三,而纤维宽度为基部中部顶部;在径向上,纤维长度为内部外部,而纤维宽度的差异不明显。     

西藏巨柏双向电泳叶片总蛋白提取方法优化

为了获取高质量的西藏巨柏叶片蛋白质,分别采用酚抽提法、TCA/丙酮法和改良的TCA丙酮法3种方法对西藏巨柏叶片进行总蛋白的提取,同时利用蛋白试剂盒(The2-DQuantKit)对蛋白质的浓度和纯度进行了分析测定,并通过蛋白质斑点数量及分布特征,最后确定了最佳蛋白提取方法。结果表明:对样品研磨的精细程度、丙酮清洗沉淀次数等操作细节均能影响提取结果,同时采用改良的TCA丙酮法提纯后的结果最佳。说明改良的TCA丙酮法可应用于西藏巨柏叶片后续的蛋白质组学研究。     

甘肃省庆阳市夜蛾科4个新纪录种记述

报道了甘肃省庆阳市鳞翅目夜蛾科4个新纪录种宏遗夜蛾(Fagitana gigantea Draudt)、肖毛翅夜蛾(Lagoptera juno Dalman)、干纹冬夜蛾(Staurophora celsia Linnaeus)、黄紫美冬夜蛾(Cirrhia togata Esper),并对其形态特征进行了描述。     

Cytogenetic Studies of Hybrids between Festuca gigantea Vill. and Lolium multiflorum Lam.

The meiotic behaviour of the hybrid between Festuca gigantea (2n – 6x = 42) and Festuca gigantea (2n = 6x = 42) indicates distinct structural differences between the two species. These differences are also apparent in the degree of chromosome pairing observed in Lolium multiflorum×F. gigantea compared with previous reports on the L. multiflorum×F. arundinacea hybrids. Although the L. multiflorum×F. gigantea 8x amphiploid com Dines the complementary characters of the two species and is agronomically interesting, there are some irregularities in meiotic behaviour that could affect the stability of the amphiploid. Seed fertility in the amphiploid is high and preliminary studies show evidence of a high degree of self-fertility. The pentaploid hybrid between autotetraploid L. multiflorum×F. gigantea is sufficiently fertile to be used as the pollen plant in crosses with diploid L. multiflorum (BC₁). Backcrossing the BC₃ hybrid to L. multiflorum results in mainly diploid progeny. The possibilities, of using this crossing scheme to introgress F. gigantea characters into L. multiflorum is discussed as an alternative approach to amphiploid breeding as a means o: combining specific complementary characters of the two species.     

枣大球蚧防治指标的研究

经过 3年的研究 ,根据虫口密度 ,叶片被害率与枣树产量以及被害枣树的经济损失的关系 ,确定枣大球蚧 Eulecanium gigantea(Shinji)的防治指标为 1 0头 / 1 0 cm2 叶片 ,实践证明该指标切实可行。     

两种桫椤属植物组培快繁技术研究

以阴生桫椤（Alsophila latebrosa）、大叶黑桫椤（Alsophila gigantea）为研究对象,利用绿色球状体（Green Globular Bodies,GGB）途径,展开快繁体系的研究,以筛选最优的繁殖体系。结果表明：（1）阴生桫椤的快繁体系中,1/10 MS是孢子萌发最优培养配方;1/2 MS+NAA 0.3 mg/L+6-BA 0.5 mg/L,蔗糖30 g/L,琼脂6.5 g/L是诱导配子体产生GGB的最优培养配方;1/2 MS+KT 0.1 mg/L+IAA 0.1 mg/L是其诱导GGB分化的最优培养配方;孢子体幼苗在泥炭土:菜园土:珍珠岩=3:3:1的基质中成活率最高。（2）在大叶黑桫椤的快繁体系中,1/10 MS为相对较好的培养基;1/2 MS+0.3 mg/L IBA是诱导产生GGB的最优培养配方;1/2 MS+0.3 mg/L NAA对GGB分化的促进作用最显著;1/2 MS+0.1 mg/L IAA+0.3 mg/L NAA的组合可有效促进孢子体幼苗生根。（3）通过配子体诱导GGB途径,2种桫椤属植物从孢子萌发到幼苗移栽的整个培养过程为6~8个月。可见,GGB途径不仅能提高繁殖系数,也能大大缩短桫椤属植物的繁殖时间,为实现桫椤属植物的工厂化育苗奠定了基础。     

山西野生大马勃营养成分分析

主要依据GB 5009的方法,对山西野生大马勃子实体营养成分进行了测定。结果显示,山西野生大勃的水分含量为85.3%,粗蛋白31.27%,粗脂肪1.94%,粗纤维2.85%,灰分4.70%;矿质元素(mg/100 g):钾3 927,钙119.57,铁7.13,镁20.67,锌3.00;重金属(mg/100 g):铅3.51,镉8.66,砷7.60,汞1.64;氨基酸总量为28.10%,必需氨基酸为10.54%,非必需氨基酸为17.56%。     

3株大型真菌最佳培养条件的筛选研究

[目的]筛选辽宁省仙人洞国家级自然保护区的3种大型真菌——蛹虫草（Cordyceps militaris）、微细小菇（Mycena minutula）和头状马勃（Calvatia craniiformis）的最佳培养条件。[方法]首先进行子实体分离,并获得优势菌株,比较不同碳源、氮源、pH对蛹虫草、微细小菇和头状马勃菌丝生长速度及长势的影响。[结果]蛹虫草、微细小菇和头状马勃3个菌株的最适碳氮源、pH分别为淀粉、谷氨酸、pH5或6;淀粉、蛋白胨、pH8;玉米粉、蛋白胨、pH5。[结论]该研究可为充分利用野生菌物资源提供指导。     

Evaluation of the biological control agent Rotstop in controlling the infection of spruce and pine stumps by Heterobasidion in Latvia

The biological control agent Rotstop^® composed of a suspension of spores of Phlebiopsis gigantea (Fr.) Jül. is widely used for protecting conifer stumps from aerial infection by Heterobasidion species. The efficacy of Rotstop application on Norway spruce (Picea abies) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stumps was determined in several locations and at different seasons in Latvia. Mean efficacy in controlling natural infection by Heterobasidion spp. in spruce stumps was 64%, calculated on the basis of number of infected stumps, and 89%, calculated on the basis of area of infected wood on sample discs cut from the stumps. Corresponding proportions for pine were 82% and 95%. The results show that Rotstop can be successfully used for stump treatment in Latvia, although improved efficacy is desirable, particularly in spruce. A Latvian isolate of P. gigantea, selected from numerous isolates in preliminary tests, was included in one experiment and was shown to be as effective as the Rotstop isolate. In untreated spruce stumps Heterobasidion spp. and P. gigantea were present in the same stump three times more frequently than in untreated pine stumps. Heterobasidion spp. infection in untreated spruce stumps was low when P. gigantea covered more than 10% of stump dissection.     

牛角瓜大孢子与小孢子的发生发育观察

【目的】明确牛角瓜[Calotropisgigantea(Linn.)W. T. Aition]大孢子与小孢子的发生发育情况,为其耕作栽培学及植物学研究提供基础资料,也为其遗传育种研究及品种改良打下基础。【方法】于盛花期采集不同发育时期的牛角瓜花蕾,运用石蜡切片技术观察其大孢子与小孢子的发生发育特征。【结果】牛角瓜大孢子与小孢子的发育时期与其花器官外部形态特征存在对应关系,雄蕊的发生发育早于雌蕊。牛角瓜小孢子黏连成块状结构,与普通植物的分散型小孢子形成鲜明对比,其小孢子母细胞发育为连续型,绒毡层细胞有3~4层,为腺质绒毡层,单核期绒毡层细胞壁开始降解,花粉成熟后绒毡层细胞自溶。胚囊发育类型为蓼型,胚珠横生,无珠被;四分体呈线型排列,成熟胚囊有次生核。【结论】牛角瓜大、小孢子发生及雌、雄配子体发育与花器官外部形态大小密切相关,其结实率低并非雌性或雄性败育所致。