Evaluation of the white-coat effect in cats

The diagnosis and management of systemic hypertension in cats requires a reliable method for measurement of systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) in clinical patients. Unfortunately, the setting of a clinical practice and the act of measuring BP might raise BP and heart rate (HR), an effect referred to as the white-coat effect in human patients. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a white-coat effect was experienced by cats. Radiotelemetric implants were used to measure BP and HR in 13 conscious cats in a research colony while undisturbed in their cages and while subjected to simulated visits to a veterinarian's office. The white-coat effect was taken to be the difference between the overall 24-hour average value for parameters of BP and HR and the corresponding value during the simulated office visit. A white-coat effect was observed in cats. In healthy cats, the systolic BP measured during the examination period of the simulated office visit exceeded the 24-hour average systolic BP by 17.6+/-1.5 mm Hg. However, marked heterogeneity occurred in the pattern and magnitude of the increase in systolic BP above the 24-hour baseline and the increase varied between 75.3 and -27.2 mm Hg for the healthy cats. Variation in response to the simulated office visit was observed among cats and among visits by the same cat. During an office visit, the magnitude of the white-coat effect tended to decrease, but not disappear, over time. The magnitude of the white-coat effect varied when cats were subjected to 5 repeat office visits, but did not diminish in the group as a whole. The mean increase in systolic BP during the examination (22.3+/-0.9 mm Hg) was greater (P < .05) in cats with renal insufficiency. Although the heterogeneity of response expected from companion animals might be greater than that observed in these colony cats, these results indicate that veterinarians should carefully consider the white-coat effect in evaluation of BP in cats. A quiet, undisturbed environment and adequate time for acclimation should be included in the standard protocol for measurements of BP. Because of day-to-day variation in the white-coat effect in individual cats, multiple serial measurements following a standard protocol should provide the best estimate of BP in cats.     

Comparative diagnostic test characteristics of oscillometric and Doppler ultrasonographic methods in the detection of systolic hypertension in dogs

Comparison of test characteristics allows a clinician to choose the optimal diagnostic test method for an individual patient. This study assessed the comparative test characteristics of noninvasive (NI) blood pressure measurement methods (oscillometric and Doppler) and used this information to develop optimal cutoff values for diagnosis of systolic hypertension in dogs by these NI methods. Simultaneous NI (oscillometric or Doppler methods) and invasive (arterial puncture [AP]) systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurements were obtained prospectively from normal dogs and dogs suspected of having systemic hypertension based on clinical signs. Oscillometric SBP readings were obtained from the distal hind limb (Osc-L, n = 54) or the proximal tail (T. n = 27). Doppler BP measurements were obtained using a forelimb cuff (n = 57). AP-SBP was categorized as hypertensive if > or = 160 mmHg, and sensitivity (Se). specificity (Sp), and likelihood ratios (LR) were calculated for diagnostic cutoff values ranging from 130 to 220 mmHg. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were analyzed to determine optimal cutoff values for diagnosis of AP-SBP > or = 160 mmHg. Optimal NI SBP cutoff values considered to reflect AP values > or = 160 mmHg were: Osc-L = 160 mmHg (Se: 65%, Sp: 85%. LR = 4.33: 1), Osc-T = 150 mmHg (Se: 84%, Sp: 75%, LR = 3.36: 1), and Doppler = 160 mmHg (Se: 71%,     

青海白唇鹿公鹿血钾指标和红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省大通种牛场18头白唇鹿公鹿三项血钾指标和红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现:①被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的血清钾离子浓度为3.7±0.8mmol/L,全血钾离子浓度为27.4±3.0mmol/L,红细胞钾离子浓度为75.4±10.1mmol/L;②按红细胞钾离子浓度判定,全部被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的红细胞钾型为高血钾型。     

蟛蜞菊对肉兔的饲用价值

选择24只体重相近的40日龄肉兔,随机分成2组,每组12只,基础日粮相同,青饲料分别饲喂桂牧1号象草与蟛蜞菊,两组在平均日增重、平均日耗基础料量、平均日耗青料量间均无显著差异(P>0.05),表明肉兔采食蟛蜞菊可正常生长发育。同时,两组肉兔的血液指标和内脏重量无显著差异,表明蟛蜞菊与桂牧1号的饲用价值相似,可用于肉兔生产。     

恒河猴血液细胞、生化和凝血功能正常参考指标的测定

测定分析人工饲养及在非麻醉(清醒)状态下108只健康成年恒河猴的血常规、血液生化及血小板和凝血功能正常值,并分析各项检测数据的性别差异。血常规测定值17项,其中,雌猴较雄猴极显著高(P<0·01)的项目为红细胞分布宽度(RDW)。血液生化测定值17项,其中,雌猴比雄猴显著低(P<0·05)的项目有丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),显著高(P<0·05)的项目有碱性磷酸酶(ALP)。血小板和凝血功能测定值9项,其中,雌猴比雄猴明显高(P<0·05)的项目为活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),极显著高(P<0.01)的项目为凝血酶时间(TT)。建立了人工饲养条件下健康成年恒河猴的血常规、血液生化、血小板和凝血功能正常参考值指标,丰富和完善了恒河猴动物实验和疾病诊断中血液分析的基础知识。     

金钱豹血液理化值的测定

广州动物园科研中心于2003年10月至2005年3月间共采集11只金钱豹的34份血液样本，对40项临床常用的血液生理生化值进行了测定，结果用SPSS11．0统计软件进行统计分析。     

黑麂血液生理生化指标的测定

首次检测了黑麂血液常规和生理生化等23项指标,并与鹿科梅花鹿做了比较。测定结果显示,黑麂的红细胞、血小板、血红蛋白、红细胞比容高于梅花鹿指标,而白细胞、红细胞体积、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、平均血红蛋白量、红细胞体积分布宽度指标低于梅花鹿指标。黑麂白细胞分类结果显示,白细胞和单核细胞约占90%;嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞所占百分比各占约2%。黑麂血清生化指标测定结果显示,总胆固醇和血糖两项指标高于梅花鹿的指标;甘油三酯(TG)及极低密度脂蛋白(VLDI-C)含量显著高于梅花鹿。检测结果反映了黑麂的机体生理机能,是进行疾病临床诊断和治疗的依据。     

GM-CSF induces human vascular endothelial cells to form vessel-like structure and the role of VEGF

AIM: To investigate the influence of GM-CSF on human vascular endothelial cells induced to form new blood vessels and the role of VEGF. METHODS: HUVECs were cultured by Matrigel to set up a stable angiogenesis system with the stimulating factors. The rhGM-CSF concentration-dependent and time-dependent effects and the role of VEGF165 were detected. CD34 was measured by immunochemical staining and numbers of vessel formation was calculated under microscopic observation. RESULTS: After treatment with rhGM-CSF at various concentrations and at different time points, the numbers of vessel formation increased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. In the presence of VEGF165, the numbers of vessel formation increased evidently. CONCLUSION: HUVECs were induced to develop tubular structure in vitro cultured with Matrigel. GM-CSF promotes human vascular endothelial cells to form vessel-like structure in vitro in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. VEGF also in vitro promotes human vascular endothelial cells to form new vessel-like structure.     

静松灵硬膜外腔注射对绵羊的镇静镇痛作用及其血液变化的研究

在１２只绵羊按０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量硬膜外腔注射静松灵,观测了镇静镇痛作用的效应,并对血液气体和酸碱平衡状态的变化进行了定量分析,结果表明静松灵硬膜外腔注射的镇静镇痛效果明显,显效时间短,持续时间达１２０ｍｉｎ,对体温,脉搏,呼吸与吸气量有显著作用（Ｐ〈０．０５）,对血液中氧分压,氧含量,氧饱和度,二氧化碳分压,剩余碱及碳酸氢盐的影响明显（Ｐ〈０．０５）,而对血液ｐＨ值和血红蛋白含量无显著影响。