青海梅花鹿公鹿血钾指标和红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省大通种牛场71头梅花鹿公鹿3项血钾指标和红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现:被检青海梅花鹿公鹿的血清钾离子浓度为(4.2±0.7)mmol/L,全血钾离子浓度为(28.3±4.1)mmol/L,红细胞钾离子浓度为(70.5±10.6)mmol/L。按全血钾离子浓度和红细胞钾离子浓度判定,全部被检青海梅花鹿公鹿的红细胞钾型为高血钾型。     

蓝马鸡和藏马鸡血钾型的测定

采用火焰光度法对 1 9只蓝马鸡和 1 5只藏马鸡的血钾型进行了研究 ,结果发现 :被检蓝马鸡与藏马鸡的全血钾浓度分别为 51 6和 56 0mmol/L ,红细胞钾浓度分别为 1 2 5 1和 1 34 7mmol/L ,全部属于高血钾型     

青海黑白花奶牛的血钾浓度常值

采用火焰光度计法测定了西宁市奶牛场饲养的青海黑白花奶牛96份血样的血钾浓度常值。它们的全血钾浓度为10.63±1.36mmol/L,红细胞钾浓度为20.34±3.17mmol/L,血浆钾浓度为4.58±0.40mmol/L。全血钾浓度与红细胞钾浓度之间呈显著的正相关性联系(r=0.8602,P<0.0001)。     

高原型藏羊红细胞钾浓度多态性及其与10项血液指标的联系

采用火焰光度计法对47只青海省刚察县高原型藏羊红细胞钾浓度的多态性进行了调查研究.结果发现:1.按红细胞钾浓度,被检高原型藏羊有高钾和低钾两种表型,以高钾型为优势表型(89.36%);2.高钾型藏羊的全血钾浓度范围为21.40～39.60mmol/L,红细胞钾浓度范围为73.54～101.01mmol/L;低钾型藏羊的全血钾浓度范围为9.00～10.80mmol/L,红细胞钾浓度范围为16.66～29.10mmol/L;3.Kh和KL等位基因频率分别为0.9453和0.0547;4.HK和LK型羊的10项血液指标之间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).     

门源本地黄牛血钾浓度测定

采用火焰光度法对 40头门源县本地黄牛进行了血钾浓度测定 ,其血清钾浓度为 5 .5 2± 0 .82mmol L ,全血钾浓度为 8.90± 3.32mmol L ,红细胞钾浓度为 15 .5 2± 10 .2 5mmol L     

青海省山羊红细胞钾浓度多态性的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省8个品种(群体)山羊红细胞钾浓度多态性的特征进行了调查研究。结果发现:①根据红细胞钾浓度,被检的8个品种(群体)山羊均存在高血钾(HK)和低血钾(LK)两种表型而呈现多态性;②青海本地山羊的LK型频率都显著小于引入山羊及其杂种群体;③在红细胞钾浓度位点上,青海省山羊不同品种(群体)之间的基因分化系数很小(0.03288);④青海本地山羊群体之间的遗传距离很小;⑤聚类分析表明,青海本地山羊、柴达木绒山羊和辽宁绒山羊分别位于三个支树系中。     

柴达木改良绒山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对94只柴达木改良绒山羊的红细胞钾型进行了调查研究。结果发现：（1）柴达木改良绒山羊红细胞钾浓度存在多态性，有高钾和低钾两种表型，以高钾型为优势表型（79．79％）；（2）高钾型山羊的红细胞钾浓度在37－83.2mmol/L之间，低钾型的在16－28．8mmol/L之间；（3）K^L和K^h等位基因频率分别为0．1068和0．8932，基因杂合度为0．1782。     

青海绵羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省8个品种绵羊的红细胞钾型多态性特征进行了调查研究。结果发现,被检的8个品种绵羊均有高钾(HK)和低钾(LK)两种表型而呈现多态性,其中欧拉羊、藏羊、小尾寒羊以HK型为优势表型,新疆细毛羊、青海细毛羊、青海半细毛羊以LK型为优势表型;绵羊的红细胞钾型没有性别差异;红细胞钾型与生产性状指标间没有显著性关系;在被检的15项血液指标中,除WBC,BK值和EK值差异显著(P<0.01)以外,其他血液指标没有型间差异(P>0.05);不同红细胞钾型绵羊的HB型分布非常相似(P>0.05)。     

乐都县杂种绵羊唾液与血清钠和钾含量的测定

采用火焰光度计法对乐都县30只杂种绵羊唾液与血清钠和钾含量进行了测定,并对唾液与血清的相应的指标进行了相关分析。结果表明被检绵羊的血清钠和钾的含量分别为(126±18.10)mmol/L,(7.11±3.41)mmol/L。唾液钠和钾的含量分别为(126.50±19.17)mmol/L、(17.12±6.40)mmol/L。血清钠和唾液钠的含量以及血清钾与唾液钾含量的相关性很弱,相关系数(r)分别为-0.131和0.128。     

共和山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对海南州共和县山羊的细胞钾型进行了调查研究，结果发现：（1）按红细胞钾浓度、共和县山羊有高钾和低钾两种表型，其表型频率分别为89．61％和10．39％；（2）高钾型山羊的红细胞浓度在44．35－83．46mmol/L之间，低钾型在9．56－27．58mmol/L之间；（3）K^h和K^L等位基因频率分别为0．9466和0．0534，基因杂合度0．1011。     

Muscle Potassium Content and Potassium Gluconate Supplementation in Normokalemic Cats With Naturally Occurring Chronic Renal Failure

Muscle potassium content and supplementation with potassium gluconate were evaluated in normokalemic cats with chronic renal failure (CRF). Affected cats received standard medical therapy for renal failure and either placebo (sodium gluconate! or potassium gluconate. At the beginning of the study and after 6 months of supplementation, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) were estimated using ³H-inulin and ¹⁴C-tetraethylammo-nium bromide (TEA) clearances. Muscle potassium content was determined in biopsy specimens using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Muscle biopsy samples obtained from cats with CRF before treatment had significantly lower muscle potassium content than did those from normal control cats. Over the 6-month period of supplementation, muscle potassium content increased both in cats with CRF that received potassium gluconate and in those that received placebo (sodium gluconate). Serum potassium concentration and fractional excretion of potassium remained relatively unchanged in both groups of cats throughout the treatment period. There were no significant differences in the percentage change in GFR and ERPF between treatment groups over the 6-month time period. Median values for pH, HCO₃, and total CO₂ at 6 months were higher than baseline in the potassium gluconate group but lower than baseline in the sodium gluconate group.     

Potassium bromide‐associated panniculitis

Two cases of panniculitis associated with administration of potassium bromide in dogs are reported. Both dogs were treated with potassium bromide for idiopathic epilepsy for over 1 year. Dose increases in both cases were associated with panniculitis, characterised by painful subcutaneous nodules in a generalised distribution over the trunk. Nodule eruption waxed and waned in one dog and was persistent in the other. In both cases, panniculitis was accompanied by lethargy and pyrexia. Panniculitis, lethargy and pyrexia resolved and failed to recur after discontinuation of potassium bromide. No other cause of panniculitis could be determined for either dog. Panniculitis has been reported after administration of potassium bromide in humans and may be a form of drug‐induced erythema nodosum. To the authors’ knowledge, these are the first reports of potassium bromide‐associated panniculitis in dogs.     

重铬酸钾对雏鸡的毒性试验

为探讨鸡球虫疫苗保存液重铬酸钾对雏鸡的安全性,采用灌胃途径,分别进行急性毒性试验和低剂量毒性试验,观察攻毒雏鸡的临床症状、剖检病变和病理组织学变化,判断重铬酸钾对雏鸡的损害程度。结果表明,重铬酸钾对雏鸡的半数致死量（LD50）为0.501 g/kg体重,是临床推荐用量（约3.125 mg/kg体重）的160倍以上;0.464 g/kg体重以上的重铬酸钾对雏鸡的心脏、肝脏、肺脏、腺胃和肾脏均有不同程度的损伤;常规免疫用量的5、20倍时对雏鸡无害。     

Potassium iodide capsule treatment of feline sporotrichosis

Sporotrichosis is a mycosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii. The most affected animal is the cat; it has played an important role in the zoonotic transmission of this disease, especially in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, since 1998. In order to evaluate the treatment of feline sporotrichosis with potassium iodide, an observational cohort was conducted in 48 cats with sporotrichosis at Instituto de Pesquisa Clínica Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz. All cats received potassium iodide capsules, 2.5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg q24h. The cure rate was 47.9%, treatment failure was 37.5%, treatment abandonment was 10.4% and death was 4.2%. Clinical adverse effects were observed in 52.1% of the cases. Thirteen cats had a mild increase in hepatic transaminase levels during the treatment, six of them presented clinical signs suggestive of hepatotoxicity. Compared to previous studies with itraconazole and iodide in saturated solution, potassium iodide capsules are an alternative for feline sporotrichosis treatment.     

Potassium depletion in cats: hypokalemic polymyopathy

Generalized weakness of acute onset, apparent muscular pain, and persistent ventroflexion of the neck were observed in 6 cats. These clinical signs were associated with a low serum potassium concentration and high serum creatine kinase activity. Generalized electromyographic abnormalities, together with normal motor nerve conduction velocity determinations, were detected in all cats. Muscle biopsy specimens from 4 of 5 cats were not abnormal on light microscopic examination. Mild necrosis and infrequent macrophages were evident in a muscle biopsy specimen from one cat. Signs of polymyopathy resolved in all cats, and creatine kinase activities returned to the normal range after parenteral and oral administration of potassium. Polymyopathy and hypokalemia recurred in 3 cats in which dietary potassium supplementation was not maintained after initial recovery from hypokalemic polymyopathy.