穿龙薯蓣吸肥规律研究

以黑土为供试土壤,根茎为繁殖材料,分别测定了不同生长时期内穿龙薯蓣全株氮、磷、钾养分含量并分析其变化规律。结果表明:在长春地区,生长季内氮、磷、钾的吸收量N:P2O5:K2O=5.8:1:5.3。氮、钾在5月30日~7月10日是第一个吸收高峰期,7月10日达全年最大值,磷则在5月30日~7月21日,7月21日达全年最大值;氮、磷、钾在8月12日~9月1日时均出现了第二个吸收高峰期,在9月1日同时达到第二个吸收峰值。     

Landscape evaluation of female black bear habitat effectiveness and capability in the North Cascades, Washington

We used logistic regression to derive scaled resource selection functions (RSFs) for female black bears at two study areas in the North Cascades Mountains. We tested the hypothesis that the influence of roads would result in potential habitat effectiveness (RSFs without the influence of roads) being greater than realized habitat effectiveness (RSFs with roads). Roads consistently had a negative influence on black bear RSFs across seasons and study areas. Roads reduced habitat effectiveness during all seasons at both study areas and changes in the potential habitat values ranged from 1.7% to 16.9%. The greatest reduction in habitat values occurred during the early-season on the west-side study area due to high open road densities. These results support the hypothesis that roads reduce habitat effectiveness for black bears. The influence of roads could be reduced through road closures to reduce open road densities and limit traffic volumes. We then used the scaled RSFs in a habitat-based population model to assess the influences of timber harvest and roads on potential black bear population sizes. On the west-side study area the potential black bear population size was most influenced by moderate use roads and timber harvest during the early-season (41% reduction). On the east-side study area, low use roads had the greatest effect on potential black bear population during the early-season (10% reduction). During the late-season, in both study areas, roads had less influence on the potential population sizes as bears were able to access habitats away from roads. The habitat-population model provided reasonable estimates of bear densities compared to other study areas with similar habitats and could be extrapolated to estimate potential black bear populations in other areas with similar habitats. This approach may provide a useful link between the landscape ecology and population biology of black bears, and could eventually be useful in the development of habitat-based population viability analyses.     

黄土高原半干旱地区刺槐人工林密度与地上生物量效应

 以黄土高原半干旱地区的山西省方山县人工刺槐林为对象,采用树干解析与称重法,设立标准地对10个不同密度人工刺槐林进行了生长与生物量调查,分析密度对单木和林分生物量的效应。结果表明:18年刺槐林分的地上现存生物量与测树指标D2H和D有很好的相关性,其中树干和叶的生物量与D2H关系密切,而枝条生物量与D关系密切。刺槐单木总生物量及各部分生物量都是密度的幂函数,但是对林分而言,低密度林分和高密度林分的总生物量都比较高,而处于中间密度林分的生物量较低;林分现存总生物量也呈同一趋势。从总生物量来说,林分的水分利用效率与密度不存在线性关系,但是其干材的水分生产效率是随着密度降低而增加的,反映出不同密度水分利用效率的经济价值不同。     

盐胁迫对刺槐混栽苗光合特性的影响

以刺槐、榆树、臭椿、绒毛白蜡、杨树为试材,利用不同浓度盐溶液模拟盐胁迫条件,研究了盐胁迫对刺槐混栽苗光合特性的影响。结果表明：低盐胁迫下刺槐混栽苗的Pn、Ci、Cond同步下降,且相关性较高;而随着胁迫的增强,三者又有所增高,在高盐胁迫下（200mmol/L）又开始下降,但盐胁迫对不同混栽苗光合作用的伤害作用不同。     

Short-term gully retreat rates over rolling hill areas in black soil of Northeast China

Soil loss has become one severe problem in black soil areas of Northeast China after several decades of cultivation. Gully erosion is one of its main components. In this study, short-term gully retreat was monitored from 5 active gullies selected in representative black soil area during April 2002 to June 2004, using differential global positioning system (GPS). With the support of geographic information system (GIS), multitemporal digital elevation models (DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and then used for further analysis. This presents a new method to compute the retreat rate of gully heads and the rate of soil losses caused by gully erosion. The results indicate that the average volumetric retreat rate was 729.1 m³ year^− 1, corresponding with an average linear retreat rate of 6.2 m year^− 1 in gully head and planimetric changes of 323.6 m² year^− 1 during the two monitored years, but more erosion took place during the second and third monitored period compared to the first. The erosion by freeze thawing and snowmelt accounts for a large percent. And this will be emphasized when rainfall is added in spring. If only considering the third monitored period, the conservatively estimated retreat rate by freeze thawing and snowmelt (i.e. before rainy season) may even reach 8.6 m year^− 1 in gully head, with a volumetric rate of 120.9 m³ year^− 1 and planimetric changes of 173.6 m² year^− 1. These results reveal that gully erosion is a great threat in the study area and conservation measures are urgently needed. Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM, one conceptual model for gully developing in black soil of Northeast China is proposed, which is supported by the data.     

Predator control for protecting kaki (Himantopus novaezelandiae)—lessons from 20 years of management

In New Zealand, the endemic kaki or black stilt (Himantopus novaezelandiae) has been the focus of intensive conservation management for the past 20 years. Threatened by predation and habitat loss, the population fell to as low as 23 birds before management was implemented to reverse the decline. Predator trapping has been one form of management intervention in the wild, yet despite 20 years of control, there is only limited evidence to suggest that predator trapping is beneficial for the survival of kaki. Lack of adequate experimental design and understanding of the predator-prey dynamics in the system in which kaki live appear to be the main reasons why the benefits of predator control are not consistently clear. An adaptive management approach would have provided more information on the efficacy of predator trapping and increased understanding of the inter-relationships between kaki survival and predator abundance.     

长期定位施肥对砂姜黑土肥力及生产力的影响研究

长期定位试验研究化肥与有机肥配施对砂姜黑土土壤肥力和作物产量的影响结果表明 ,长期施肥可提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷及有机质含量 ,不同肥料组合间差异较大 ,以有机肥与化肥配施处理效果最佳 (但同时必须重视K素的投入 ) ,土壤速效钾仅全部施用有机肥处理有所增加 ,单施N、P化肥处理下降最多 ,至 15年后下降2 5 .8%。长期未施肥处理 (对照 )碱解氮变化最大 ,较试验前下降 2 6 .5 % ,其他养分指标变化较小。有机肥与化肥配施处理产量前期不及单施化肥处理 ,中后期则反之。砂姜黑土基本生产力随种植时间延长而渐降 ,土壤对秋粮大豆或玉米的供肥能力高于小麦。     

不同开垦年限黑土磷素的形态与数量变化

研究了不同开垦年限黑土磷素的形态、数量的变化,结果表明:开垦后黑土全磷含量无明显规律性变化,但土壤有效磷数量显著上升,在土壤磷的组分上,土壤有机磷数量显著下降,而土壤无机磷明显升高。在土壤无机磷的6个组分中,Fe-P、O-P占比例最大;其次Al-P、Ca10-P;再次Ca2-P、Ca8-P。垦后无机磷6个组分含量都有升高,绝对升高量顺序为Fe-P>Al-P>Ca2-P>O-P>Ca10-P>Ca8-P。上升强度顺序为Ca2-P>Al-P>Ca8-P>Ca10-P、Fe-P>O-P.     

小麦黑胚籽粒营养品质的测定

采用洛阳农科所提供的小麦品种，对黑胚籽粒营养品质进行了测定，结果表明：小麦黑胚病感病品种黑胚粒中Mg、Ca的含量高于健粒，中感及高感品种黑胚粒中K、Mg、Ca的含量低于健粒；黑胚粒中Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu的含量有的品种高于健粒，有的品种低于健粒。小麦黑胚病使籽粒内粗蛋白含量增加，淀粉含量与氨基酸总量降低。     

黑加仑果汁色素稳定性的研究

以黑加仑为原料制取果汁,对不同添加物(Fe3 、Cu2 、Zn2 、Na 、Al3 、H2O2、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苯甲酸钠)和pH对果汁色素稳定性的影响进行了系统研究.研究结果表明:黑加仑果汁稀释液的最大吸收波长为520 nm;pH对黑加仑果汁色素影响很大;Cu2 、Zn2 、Na 、Al3 对黑加仑果汁色素无明显的不良影响;Fe3 则有显著的不良影响;不同浓度的葡萄糖、蔗糖对黑加仑果汁色素没有太大的不良影响;不同浓度的氧化剂H2O2、防腐剂苯甲酸钠对黑加仑果汁色素均都有严重的破坏作用.