应用乳酸菌发酵黑枸杞汁的特性研究

为了探寻各种乳酸菌在黑枸杞汁中的发酵能力和特性,选取新鲜黑枸杞汁,采用巴氏杀菌法灭菌,接种于不同乳酸菌进行发酵,对发酵过程中乳酸菌菌群成活数、pH值、花青素含量、总酚含量、黄酮含量、抗氧化能力以及感官评测等的变化进行对比。结果表明:各种乳酸菌能在黑枸杞汁中良好生长,活菌数均突破10~8CFU/mL;发酵48 h后,4种乳酸菌发酵的黑枸杞汁的pH值均低于3.5。与未经发酵的黑枸杞汁相比,经保加利亚乳杆菌发酵后的黑枸杞汁中花青素含量与黄酮含量提升最大,其中花青素提升了33.84%、黄酮提升了68.82%;鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵后,黑枸杞汁的总酚含量提升最多,提升了61.25%;保加利亚乳杆菌发酵后,黑枸杞汁对超氧阴离子自由基和羟自由基的清除能力提升最高,超氧阴离子自由基清除率提升了163.50%、羟自由基清除率提升了59.44%;鼠李糖乳杆菌发酵后,黑枸杞汁有着最强的DPPH自由基去除能力,清除率为89%。经乳酸菌发酵后的黑枸杞汁口感上佳,保加利亚乳杆菌的发酵能力要强于其他3种乳酸菌。该研究结果可为黑枸杞汁的益生菌发酵和益生菌果汁产品开发提供参考。     

青鱼消化器官数量性状胚后发育规律

采用显微解剖和测量、光镜和扫描电镜观察方法，系统观测全长为５．６～３３０．０ｍｍ的青鱼标本３７０尾，描述了鳃耙、咽齿、角质垫和肠等消化器官数量性状在胚后发育过程中的变化规律；论述了青鱼的摄食特性、消化器官数量性状胚后发育的阶段性及其相关性、消化器官数量性状发育与食性转化，为制订培育青鱼苗种和饲养成鱼的生物学技术提供了可靠依据     

根域限制条件下基质栽培对夏黑葡萄生长和果实品质的影响

[目的]研究根域限制条件下基质栽培与夏黑葡萄生长的关系,为休闲观光、庭院栽培葡萄提供理论依据.[方法]以夏黑葡萄为试材,以沙子和椰糠（体积比1∶4）为基质,以根域限制泥土栽培及露地泥土栽培为对照,分析根域限制条件下基质栽培对夏黑葡萄茎粗、产量、品质和病情指数的影响.[结果]根域限制基质栽培条件下,夏黑葡萄植株生长、产量、品质和抗病性等与根域限制泥土栽培差异不明显,其主干粗度、单果重、单穗重及产量均明显小于露地泥土栽培,而果实可溶性固形物含量、抗病能力均优于露地泥土栽培.[结论]根域限制基质栽培夏黑葡萄效果与泥土栽培相似,是适合观光农场、庭院绿化栽培推广应用的新方法.     

黄河源区黑土滩人工草地牧草植物量及营养动态研究

对黄河源区黑土滩人工草地在封育和放牧两种不同管理方式下,从8月到翌年的4月进行了地上植物量及牧草营养成分动态研究,结果表明:从8月到翌年4月牧草的自然损失量为138.7g/m~2,损失率为34.3%,家畜的采食量为174.9g/m~2,草地的实际利用率为43.3%;整个冷季牧草总体营养价值呈下降趋势,封育草地粗蛋白降低了56.87%,粗脂肪降低了51.09%。该类草地在夏季属碳氮营养型(CN),冬季属碳营养型(C)。     

Increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity of grazing Japanese Black heifers and cows in forestland in Japan

Blood total antioxidant capacity (TAC) has become a key bio‐marker for animal health. Forest‐grazing cattle are known to forage various native plants that have high TAC. This study evaluated differences of plasma TAC between forest‐grazing (FG) and pasture‐grazing cattle (PG). Experiment 1 monitored the plasma TAC levels of 32 Japanese Black cattle. The level in PG did not change throughout the grazing period. However, that in FG, which increased from summer, was significantly higher than that in PG through fall (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, we used nine Japanese Black heifers and investigated their blood antioxidant parameters and the TAC in plants that the cattle consumed in late June and September. The plasma TAC levels in FG were significantly higher than those in PG in both periods (P < 0.05). Plasma levels of lipid peroxidation in FG tended to be lower than that in PG (P = 0.098). Furthermore, the TAC levels in various species of shrubs and trees consumed by FG were higher than those in pasture grasses. Results of this study show that plasma TAC of grazing Japanese Black cattle in forestland increase from summer through fall.     

Increased ectopic fat cells in the longitudinal muscularis layer of the oviduct isthmus in obese Japanese Black cows

In obese humans, mesenchymal stem cells differentiate to become ectopic fat cells in muscles. These ectopic fat cells inhibit the contraction of vascular smooth muscles. Stem cells have been recently identified in the human oviduct, a structure important in reproduction. We therefore investigated the number of Oil Red O (ORO)‐positive cells in the oviducts of control Japanese Black cows (n = 6; body condition score [BCS], 3.0 on a 5‐point scale) compared to those with diet‐induced obesity (n = 5; BCS, 4.0). We stained the ampulla and isthmus collected on the second day after ovulation with ORO and then counted the positive cells in each layer in 10 cross‐sections of the ampulla or isthmus. The obese group (23.4 ± 3.4 in the 10 sections) had larger numbers of ORO‐positive cells in the longitudinal muscularis of the isthmus (P < 0.05) than did the control group (15.0 ± 2.4). ORO‐positive cells were also observed in all other layers of the isthmus and ampulla; however, the number of cells in these layers did not differ significantly between obese cows and controls. Whether this observed increase in ORO‐positive cells in the oviducts of obese cows affects their reproduction warrants further study.     

土霉素在黑鲷体内的药物代谢动力学研究

首次报道了黑鲷口服土霉素的药物代谢动力学特征，用高效液相色谱法测定组织中的药物含量，药物在肌肉，血液，肝脏中的平均回归率分别为８５.61%,85.38%,82.005,该方法的检测限可达0.01μg/g，黑鲷１次口服剂量为７５mg/kg的土壤素后，其血液药物浓度－时间数据符合一室开放动力学模型，吸收速率常数（ka)为０.296/h，达峰时间（Ｔamx)为１０.635h,峰浓度（Ｃmax)为１.398μg/ml, 分布半衰期（Ｔ１／２a）为２.339h ,消除半衰期(T1/20β）为46.663h，药时曲线下面积（ＡＵＣ）为１１0.25mg/L.h，黑绸口服药物０.5h后在血液，肥肉，肝脏，肾脏４种组织中就可以检测到药物的存在，药物在１６h的采样点浓度达最高，分别为1.68μg/ml,1.68,2.52,6.77μg/g。     

不同热解温度对生物质炭化学性质的影响

本实验以杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)和木荷(Schima superba)的凋落物为研究材料,选择不同热解温度(250、350、450、550、650和750℃)分别制备生物质炭,研究不同热解温度以及不同材料对生物质炭化学性质的影响。结果表明,生物质炭的含碳量、C/N比和灰分随热解温度的升高而呈增加趋势,但可溶性碳含量和挥发性物质则随温度的升高而呈现下降的变化。2种材料制备的生物质炭的pH值介于5.96~11.93之间。回归分析发现,2种类型生物质炭,挥发性物质与热解温度呈现了极显著的线性关系(p0.01)。统计分析表明,在相同温度条件下,由杉木和木荷凋落物制备的生物质炭,其灰分、含碳量以及挥发性物质,差异并不显著;但含氮量、C/N比和可溶性碳含量,差异则达到了显著水平(p0.05)。     

东北黑土地农田除草剂污染过程与消减技术研究进展与展望

除草剂是保障黑土粮仓粮食供给的重要生产资料。东北黑土区除草剂的高频高强度施用,可能导致其在土壤中残留累积,从而影响后茬作物生长,成为轮作换茬、种植结构调整的瓶颈。因此,开展黑土地除草剂污染过程与消减关键技术研究,对保障黑土地农业绿色可持续发展具有重要的科学意义。系统分析了黑土地农田除草剂污染过程与消减技术研究进展与发展趋势,指出了目前该研究领域存在的科学与技术问题,提出了我国黑土地农田除草剂污染过程与消减技术的研究思路与重点方向,以推动我国黑土地农田除草剂污染与修复理论与技术的发展。     

卷丹百合黑斑病病原鉴定及生物学特性研究

随着卷丹百合种植面积的扩大,卷丹百合叶部真菌性病害也越来越严重,尤其在2014年6~7月份,由于降水偏多,卷丹百合叶部病害大发生,6月中旬重病田卷丹百合枯死株率达50%~70%,部分田块卷丹百合地上部全部枯死。从卷丹百合发病叶片分离得到病原菌,进行致病性鉴定、孢子形态观察、18S rDNA序列分析,生物学特性研究,结果表明,该病原菌为半知菌链格孢（ Alternaria alternata）。该菌菌丝生长致死温度为55℃;适宜 pH为6~7;在供试的几种碳、氮源中,最适的碳源是麦芽糖,最适的氮源是酵母。