斑点免疫金渗滤法检测边虫病的研究

应用自行制备的直径２５ｎｍ～３０ｎｍ的胶体金标记ＳＰＡ，建立了检测抗边虫抗体的斑点免疫金渗滤试验（ＤＩＧＦＡ），同时作与补体结合试验（ＣＦＴ）、团集凝集试验（ＣＡＴ）比较试验，结果表明ＤＩＧＦＡ是一种检测边虫病抗体的敏感性高、特异性强、重复性好的快速、简便易行方法。     

新疆某规模化奶牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒抗体水平检测

为了调查新疆地区某规模化奶牛场牛传染性鼻气管炎（IBR）发病情况,通过采集不同生长阶段牛群血清共计362 份,使用牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒gB（IBR-gB）抗体检测试剂盒检测牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）抗体效价,评估该奶牛场IBRV疫苗免疫效果。结果显示,后备牛中犊牛和青年牛IBRV抗体阳性率分别为88.57%（31/35）、75.00%（21/28）;成年母牛中泌乳期母牛、干奶期母牛IBRV抗体阳性率分别为81.46%（145/178）、95.04%（115/121）。阴性数共44 份,可疑数8 份,IBRV抗体平均阳性率为88.38%;结果表明,疫苗接种后,不同生产阶段牛群均可产生不错的抗体保护效果,为奶牛场防控IBR提供依据。     

Measurement of free thyroxine concentration in horses by equilibrium dialysis

The purpose of the study reported here was to validate measurement of free thyroxine (fT4) concentration in equine serum by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D), and to compare values with fT4 concentration measured directly and with total T4 (TT4) concentration. The fT4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were measured over a range of values in euthyroid horses and horses made hypothyroid by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU). Concentrations of fT4D (<1.8-83 pmol/L) were consistently higher than those of fT4 (<1-40 pmol/L). There was a significant (P < .001) regression of fT4D on fT4 in 503 samples from normal horses (y = 2.086x - 0.430). In baseline samples from 71 healthy euthyroid horses, fT4 concentration ranged from 6-21 pmol/L (median, 11 pmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]10.5-11.8 pmol/L), and fT4D concentration ranged from 7-47 pmol/L (median, 22 pmol/L; 95% CI 20.9-25.1 pmol/L). Free T4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were also measured in 34 ill horses. Horses consuming PTU and ill horses had significantly (P < .05) lower serum concentration of TT4, fT4, and fT4D than did clinically normal, healthy horses. If serum samples from ill horses were further subdivided into samples from horses that lived and samples from horses that died, fT4D concentration was not significantly different in ill horses that lived, compared with that in healthy horses, whereas fT4 concentration was still significantly decreased in ill horses that died (P < 0.001). We conclude that measurement of fT4 concentration by equilibrium dialysis is a valid technique in the horse, and its use may provide improved ability to distinguish nonthyroidal illness syndrome from hypothyroidism in that species.     

昆虫病原线虫对大豆地下害虫东北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的致病力研究

蛴螬是一种对大豆为害严重的地下害虫.本试验应用昆虫病原线虫(Entomopathogenic nematode,EPN)斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae的4个品系和异小杆线虫Heterorhabditis bacteriophora的3个品系,分别以滤纸和沙子为介质对东北大黑鳃金龟幼虫进行致病力测定,筛选出异小杆线虫Heterorhabditis bacteriophora-1品系为防治东北大黑鳃金龟幼虫的较理想线虫品系,以沙子为介质时,校正寄生死亡率达95.83%.     

分光光度法测定藜麦中总皂苷的含量

[目的]建立一种测定藜麦中总皂苷的分光光度法,研究藜麦中总皂苷的含量。[方法]采用超声波提取、香草醛-高氯酸分光光度法,以藜麦皂苷A为对照品,检测波长482 nm,样品提取采用60%乙醇溶液,料液比1∶30(g∶mL),提取时间30 min,提取2次,回收乙醇后用水饱和的正丁醇萃取3次。[结果]藜麦中总皂苷浓度在0.021 12~0.063 36 mg/mL范围内具有良好的线性关系,线性方程为A=12.169C-0.071 4,相关系数0.999 9。[结论]建立了超声波提取-分光光度法测定藜麦中总皂苷含量的新方法,该方法简便、准确,可用于藜麦加工工艺的评价。     

抗犬瘟热高免卵黄抗体IHA检测方法的建立

目前检测卵黄抗体的方法很多,但IHA方法具有简便快速的优点,本研究的目的是为了建立抗犬瘟热高免卵黄抗体检测方法。采用犬瘟热病毒和犬细小病毒二联疫苗处理作为疫苗抗原,用犬瘟热病死犬的肝脏部分处理后作为组织抗原,制备敏化绵羊红细胞,用IHA方法确定了犬二联疫苗抗原和犬瘟热病毒组织抗原的最适含量。二联疫苗提取抗原的含量为0.7 mg/mL致敏红细胞时,与犬瘟热单克隆抗体反应显著,抗体效价为1∶256;而患犬瘟热松狮犬的肝脏组织抗原蛋白浓度为0.5mg/mL,与犬瘟热单克隆抗体反应显著,抗体效价为1∶128。经过IHA验证,制备的松狮犬瘟热肝组织抗原,蛋白含量0.5 mg/mL 1%致敏红细胞,对应的单抗、鸡血清均出现了凝集,阳性对照也出现凝集,阴性对照未出现凝集。建立的IHA抗体检测方法,为准确检测制备抗犬瘟热高免卵黄抗体的效价奠定了基础。     

Comparison of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Culture for the Detection of Feline Chlamydia psittaci in Untreated and Doxycycline-Treated Experimentally Infected Cats

The diagnostic sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was compared with that of culture on conjunctival swabs over the course of infection in 4 doxycycline-treated and 4 untreated cats that were experimentally infected with feline Chlamydia psittaci. Treated cats were given 25 mg (5 mg/kg) of doxycycline orally twice daily for 3 weeks from day 6 after challenge. Clinical signs improved within 3 days of institution of treatment. Culture remained positive for 1 day and PCR remained positive for up to 5 days after treatment was commenced. No recurrence of clinical signs occurred and the organism could not be detected by either PCR or culture for 2 weeks after cessation of therapy. In the 4 untreated cats, conjunctival swabs were taken daily to day 14 and every 2nd weekday to day 64 after challenge. PCR was significantly more sensitive than culture in untreated cats overall (PCR 85.7%, culture 72.9%, P approximately 0) and for cats with clinical signs (PCR 89.2%, culture 79.2%, P = .008). PCR and culture had equivalent sensitivity (100%) for cats showing clinical signs in the 1st month of infection, whereas PCR was considerably more sensitive than culture for cats showing clinical signs in the 2nd month (PCR 72.9%, culture 47.9%, P = .028). Organisms were not detected by PCR in blood or any tissue collected from treated or untreated cats at postmortem. Thus, effective treatment of chlamydiosis in cats is possible with much shorter treatment regimens than currently recommended, and PCR is the more sensitive diagnostic method in chronically infected cats.     

康艾注射液中间产品人参提取液中人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的含量测定方法及高效液相指纹图谱研究

目的建立应用高效液相色谱法同时测定康艾注射液中间产品人参提取液中有效成分人参皂苷Re、Rg1含量的方法与人参提取液的指纹图谱。方法色谱柱为岛津VP-ODS(4.6150 mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-0.05%磷酸溶液(20∶80);流速:1 mL/min;柱温:30℃;检测波长:203 nm;结果a.人参皂苷Rg1在0.0207~0.6608μg范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.9998;平均回收率为99.80%,RSD为2.02%;b.人参皂苷Re在0.0204~0.6120μg范围内呈良好线性关系,r=0.9992;平均回收率为102.66%,RSD为1.06%。建立了人参提取液的HPLC指纹图谱,指定了7个共有峰,8批样品相似度均在0.85以上。结论该方法简单、准确并且专属性强。     

Colourimetric and fluorimetric substrates for the assay of limit dextrinase

The measurement of limit-dextrinase (LD) (EC 3.2.1.142) in grain samples such as barley, wheat or rice can be problematic for a number of reasons. The intrinsic LD activity in these samples is extremely low and they often contain a limit-dextrinase inhibitor and/or high levels of reducing sugars. LD also exhibits transglycosylation activity that can complicate the measurement of its hydrolytic activity. A minor modification to the industrial standard Limit-Dextrizyme tablet test is suggested here to overcome this transglycosylation issue.In addition, two new substrates are described that can be adopted for use in an auto-analyser format. 4,6-O-benzylidene-2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-β-6³-α-d-maltotriosyl-maltotrioside (BzCNPG₃G₃, Hexachrom) is not susceptible to transglycosylation and serves amiably as a routine quantitative assay tool with the potential to run kinetic assays due to the low pK_a (∼5.5) of the chromogenic moiety while 4,6-O-benzylidene-4-methylumbelliferyl-β-6³-α-d-maltotriosyl-maltotrioside (BzMUG₃G₃, Hexafluor) was found to be susceptible to transglycosylation with LD. It is anticipated that Hexafluor may find extensive use in applications where high sensitivity is required such as high throughput screening studies.     

Serum paraoxonase type-1 activity in pigs: Assay validation and evolution after an induced experimental inflammation

Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a serum enzyme synthesised and secreted primarily by the liver. It possesses anti-inflammatory properties limiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators. The objectives of this study were to validate three spectrophotometric assays for the quantification of PON1 activity in pig serum, and to determine if PON1 activity in porcine behaves as a negative acute phase protein (APP), decreasing in inflammatory conditions. An analytical validation using three different substrates – 5-thiobutil butyrolactone (TBBL), phenylacetate (PA) and 4-(p)-nitrophenyl acetate (pNA) – was performed. In addition, inflammation was experimentally induced in five pigs by subcutaneous injection of turpentine oil, while five control pigs were left untreated. The treated pigs showed significant increases in CRP and decreases in albumin, indicating an inflammatory condition. The three substrates used would be suitable for PON1 activity measurements in serum samples, since they offer adequate precision (coefficients of variation < 10%), sensitivity (0.01, 0.15, 0.02 U/mL for TBBL, pNA and PA respectively) and accuracy (r = 0.99). In addition, PON1 behaves as a negative APP in pigs since a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in its activity after 72 h of the induction of the inflammation was observed with all substrates.