小链霉菌Yn168抗病毒活性组分的分离及其稳定性研究

为进一步了解小链霉菌Yn168代谢产物中抗病毒活性物质的化学本质,为其作用机理的研究和产品开发提供依据,对该小链霉菌产生的抗病毒物质的活性组分进行了分离纯化及稳定性研究。经过乙酸乙酯萃取、三氯乙酸沉淀、Sephadex G-75柱层析、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),证明小链霉菌Yn168发酵液中的活性成分为2个组分的蛋白质Ⅰ168和Ⅱ168,分子量分别为34,22 k Da。稳定性研究表明,抗病毒蛋白在温度超过60℃、p H值小于6或大于8以及紫外线照射时间超过8 h的条件下,抗病毒活性均明显下降。所以,该小链霉菌的抗病毒活性成分为2个组分的小分子蛋白质,适于在较低温度、酸碱度接近中性及避光条件下保存和使用。     

黄芪多糖在仔猪生产中的应用研究

黄芪多糖为中药黄芪主要的活性成分,具有广泛的生物学功能,在仔猪生产中可以用来增强免疫力、防治疾病和提高生产性能。本文就黄芪多糖的提取以及在仔猪生产中的应用作一综述。     

云芝糖肽抗烟草花叶病毒活性及云芝液态发酵条件的优化

秦岭中云芝菌资源丰富,分离高产云芝糖肽的云芝菌株,发酵生产与研制药物是近年来植物病毒药物领域的研究热点。在心叶烟叶片上定量测定云芝糖肽（PSP）对烟草花叶病毒的抗感染活性,结果表明云芝糖肽抗烟草花叶病毒活性显著,发酵液干粉的EC₅₀为54.54 mg/L。将云芝糖肽稀释液（80 mg/L）等量加入病毒接种液中分别钝化处理1 h、2 h和3 h后,对病毒的钝化率依次为45.71%、62.86%和68.57%。用PSP （80 mg/L）预处理三生烟,在12 h或 24 h后接种病毒,结果表明云芝糖肽对烟草花叶病毒的预防效果分别为54.05%和64.86%。三生烟接种病毒12 h和24 h后用云芝糖肽稀释液（80 mg/L）治疗,结果表明云芝糖肽对烟草花叶病毒的治疗效果分别为54.55%和51.11%。通过单因素和正交试验,对云芝的液体发酵组分和发酵条件进行优化,优化后的云芝糖肽产量比优化前提高2倍。     

核糖体失活蛋白及其抗病毒转基因研究

综述了几种常见核糖体失活蛋白在植物抗病毒基因工程中的研究,并对核糖体失活蛋白的发展前景进行了展望。     

抗白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)感染途径研究进展

白斑综合征病毒(White Spot Syndrome Virus,WSSV),是引起养殖对虾大规模死亡的病原。在过去的10年中,各国学者不断地寻找预防和控制WSSV感染的方法及途径。本文主要介绍了中和抗体与噬菌体展示单链抗体、免疫增强剂、重组蛋白疫苗和灭活疫苗、遗传育种、RNAi等几种方法的研究现状,为进一步开发抗WSSV药物和饵料,更有效地防治WSSV及相关科研提供参考。     

鱼类Mx蛋白的研究进展

综述了鱼类Nx蛋白及其抗病毒活性,展望了鱼类Mx蛋白研究的应用。     

Antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiviral effects of Lactuca sativa extracts

Antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral effects of aqueous and methanol extracts of Lactuca sativa var longifolia leaves were investigated. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH assay. The effect of the extracts against 5 Gram-positive and 6 Gram-negative bacteria was tested. The antiviral activity was determined against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD-169 (ATCC Ref. VR 538) and coxsackie B virus type 3 (CoxB-3) using a cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay. The methanol extract had the highest total phenolic contents (235.31 mg CE/g extract). It exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) greater hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 3.5 μg/ml) than the aqueous extract (4.1 μg/ml). It was also the most effective extract with the lowest MIC (2.5 mg/ml) against all Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria. Methanol and aqueous extracts exhibited antiviral activity against HCMV and Cox-B3 viruses with IC₅₀ of 200 μg/ml.     

Antiviral efficacy of EICAR against canine distemper virus (CDV) in vitro

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious pathogen of carnivores. In dogs, the disease is characterized by high lethality rates and no specific antiviral therapy is available. The aim of this study was to verify the in vitro antiviral activity of the 5-ethynyl-1-β-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide (EICAR) and to compare it with the 1-(β-d-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (ribavirin, RBV).EICAR was more active than RBV against CDV replication, while both molecules exhibited low selectivity indexes. A reversal of their antiviral activity was observed after addition of guanosine, suggesting their involvement in the inhibition of the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase enzyme (IMPDH). RBV and EICAR had a time- and concentration-dependent anti-CDV activity, mainly displayed during the first 10 h post-infection. The involvement of the inhibition of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (vRdRp) is discussed, as well as the role of CDV as a model to study more potent and selective antiviral molecules active against other Paramyxoviridae.     

Evaluation of antirotavirus activity of flavonoids

Flavonoids are dietary components and the most ubiquitous phenolic compounds found in nature, showing a range of pharmacological activities including antiviral action. This study describes the antiviral screening of 60 different flavones and flavonols against human rotavirus (Wa-1 strain) as well as their cytotoxicity in MA104 cells. Cytotoxicity was investigated by cell morphology assessment and antirotavirus activity by cytopathic effect inhibition. Results were expressed as CC₅₀ and IC₅₀, respectively, in order to calculate the selectivity index (SI = CC₅₀/IC₅₀) of each compound. Structure–activity relationships (SAR) were proposed based on antirotavirus activity.     

自然养殖水体投喂CpG ODN和表面展示VP28的解脂耶罗维亚酵母对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)抗WSSV的免疫保护作用

用添加CpG寡聚核苷酸(CpG ODN)和表面展示VP28的解脂耶罗维亚酵母(VP28-yl)的饵料投喂凡纳滨对虾,进行田间中试实验。投喂30 d后进行WSSV感染实验,评估其对凡纳滨对虾的免疫保护作用。投喂实验结束后,CpG ODN投喂组对虾的相对增重率达到(65.8±7.8)% (P<0.05),这暗示CpG ODN可能具有促生长作用。WSSV攻毒后,CpG ODN和VP28-yl投喂组对虾中WSSV拷贝数与对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),相对免疫保护率分别可达到26.7%和36.7%。在投喂结束和WSSV刺激后,CpG ODN组对虾中的呼吸爆发水平均显著升高(P<0.05)。而在VP28-yl投喂组,WSSV引起的细胞凋亡则显著受到抑制(P<0.05)。此外,WSSV刺激后,STAT基因在CpG ODN组和VP28-yl组对虾中的表达水平均显著上调(P<0.05),分别在第5天和第3天达到最大值,而对照组中则显著下调。研究结果表明,CpG ODN和VP28-yl增强了凡纳滨对虾抗病毒免疫力,对养殖对虾病毒性疫病的防控具有显著作用,可以作为免疫增强剂添加在饵料中,具有在养殖生产中推广使用的前景。