Penicillinolide A: A New Anti-Inflammatory Metabolite from the Marine Fungus Penicillium sp. SF-5292

In the course of studies on bioactive metabolites from marine fungi, a new 10-membered lactone, named penicillinolide A (1) was isolated from the organic extract of Penicillium sp. SF-5292 as a potential anti-inflammatory compound. The structure of penicillinolide A (1) was mainly determined by analysis of NMR and MS data and Mosher’s method. Penicillinolide A (1) inhibited the production of NO and PGE₂ due to inhibition of the expression of iNOS and COX-2. Penicillinolide A (1) also reduced TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 production, and these anti-inflammatory effects were shown to be correlated with the suppression of the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB-α, NF-κB nuclear translocation, and NF-κB DNA binding activity. In addition, using inhibitor tin protoporphyrin (SnPP), a competitive inhibitor of HO activity, it was verified that the inhibitory effects of compound 1 on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and NF-κB DNA binding activity were partially associated with HO-1 expression through Nrf2 nuclear translocation.     

黑曲霉M10对采后砀山酥梨腐烂的影响

[目的]分析黑曲霉M10侵染砀山酥梨过程。[方法]通过不同接种方式、不同接种量对酥梨进行黑曲霉M10侵染,比较酥梨腐烂情况,考查温度对黑曲霉侵染酥梨效果的影响。[结果]损伤接种侵染效果明显,当接种浓度大于1×102个/ml时,酥梨发病率为100%;温度超过10℃时,砀山酥梨易受黑曲霉M10的侵染。[结论]明确了黑曲霉M10对砀山酥梨侵染过程,为防治砀山酥梨的贮藏病害提供理论依据。     

烟花爆竹试燃放时段浏阳市城区PM10和PM2.5的污染特征及影响分析

利用浏阳市2018年烟花爆竹试燃放时段污染天气作为研究背景,选取浏阳市环境空气自动监测省控站点2018年全年期间周1至周5实时监测数据及气象参数进行了分析。结果表明:烟花爆竹试燃放时段对环境空气中PM 10和PM 2.5影响显著,集中试燃放对PM 10和PM 2.5的小时值增长倍数贡献明显,烟花爆竹试燃放时段对PM 10和PM 2.5的小时值最大贡献量分别为17~31μg/m^3和11~19μg/m^3;最大增高倍数分别为0.4~0.7倍和0.4~0.9倍。PM 10和PM 2.5小时浓度均为秋季增幅最大。     

玉米ZmCCT10耐低氮功能研究

【目的】土壤氮素缺乏影响玉米的产量和品质,是中国玉米生产面临的重大问题。ZmCCT10编码转录因子,具有一因多效性,ZmCCT10是调控玉米生长发育和响应非生物胁迫重要的调节因子。解析玉米耐低氮的分子机制、聚合抗性基因,为培育耐低氮和氮高效玉米品种奠定基础。【方法】通过比较ZmCCT10近等基因系在低氮胁迫和完全营养水培条件下与耐低氮胁迫相关的性状,分析低氮胁迫后ZmCCT10的表达模式,选择ZmCCT10在近等基因系表达量差异最大的部位与时间点,进行转录组测序。发掘玉米ZmCCT10响应耐低氮反应的特征,探究其参与耐低氮反应的分子机制。【结果】在低氮胁迫条件下,ZmCCT10近等基因系Y331-ΔTE和Y331的根长性状、生物量、氮素生理指标显著差异。其中,ZmCCT10不带有转座子插入的单倍型Y331-ΔTE的总根长、主胚根长、侧根长均显著长于Y331;根干重、地上部干重、氮积累量、硝酸还原酶活性也显著高于Y331。在低氮胁迫后,ZmCCT10在根部和叶片的表达量均显著高于对照处理,且近等基因系间的表达量也具有显著差异,根部和叶片的表达模式也不同。胁迫处理3 h后,ZmCCT10在...     

Alanine-substituted mutant on Gly~(373) and Asn~(375) of Cry1Ai-h-loop 2 causes reduction in both toxicity and binding against Helicoverpa armigera

Cry1Ai-h-loop 2 is a mutant of Cry1Ai constructed by exchanging loop 2 from Cry1Ah protein and shows insecticidal activity against Helicoverpa armigera. The toxicity of Cry1 Ai-h-loop 2, in contrast to the very low toxicity of Cry1Ai, is closely associated with the eleven residues in the loop 2 region. To characterize the key sites of loop 2 in Cry1Ai-h-loop 2, alaninesubstituted mutants were generated. The toxicity of these mutants against H. armigera indicated that dual-mutant on Gly373 and Asn375 caused a significant decrease in toxic activity. ELISA binding and competition binding assays demonstrated that the reduction of toxicity in the mutant of interest was correlated with decreased binding affinity.     

Assessment of the contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity of cultivated land in China

The contribution percentage of inherent soil productivity (CPISP) refers to the ratio of crop yields under no-fertilization versus under conventional fertilization with the same field management. CPISP is a comprehensive measure of soil fertility. This study used 1 086 on-farm trials (from 1984–2013) and 27 long-term field experiments (from 1979–2013) to quantify changes in CPISP. Here, we present CPISP3 values, which reflect the CPISP states during the first three years after site establishment, for a series of sites at different locations in China collected in 1984–1990 (the 1980s), 1996–2000 (the 1990s), and 2004–2013 (the 2000s). The results showed that the average CPISP3 value for three crops (wheat, rice, and maize) was 53.8%. Historically, the CPISP3 in the 1990s (57.5%) was much higher than those in the 1980s (50.3%), and the 2000s (52.0%) (P≤0.05). Long-term no-fertilization caused CPISP levels to gradually decline and then stabilize; for example, in a mono-cropping system with irrigation, the CPISP values in Northwest and Northeast China declined by 4.5 and 4.0%, respectively, each year for the first ten years, but subsequently, the CPISP values stabilized. In contrast, the CPISP for upland crops in double-cropping systems continued to decrease at a rate of 1.1% per year. The CPISP for upland-paddy cropping decreased very slowly (0.07% per year), whereas the CPISP for paddy cropping decreased sharply (3.1% per year, on average) for the first two years and then remained steady during the following years. Therefore, upland crops in double-cropping systems consume the most inherent soil productivity, whereas paddy fields are favourable for maintaining a high level of CPISP. Overall, our results demonstrate a need to further improve China's CPISP3 values to meet growing productivity demands.     

长沙市大气颗粒物PM2.5和PM10的时空分布特征

利用 2017—2018 年长沙市空气质量监测数据,分析了长沙市大气颗粒物 PM2.5 和 PM10 的时空 分布特征。结果表明：长沙市大气颗粒物 PM2.5 和 PM10 均表现为冬季 > 秋季 > 春季 > 夏季,冬季浓度最 高,PM2.5 和 PM10 分别为 62.87 和 89.22 μg · m-3;空间变化特征：PM2.5 浓度为长沙城区＞长沙县＞宁乡 县＞望城区＞浏阳市, PM10 浓度为长沙城区＞宁乡县＞长沙县＞望城区＞浏阳市;颗粒污染物 PM2.5 与 PM10 浓度有极显著的线性相关性,r = 0.853,P=0.000（P ＜ 0.01）;降水对大气颗粒物有显著消减作用, 使 PM2.5、PM10 的浓度分别下降了 17.93% 和 27.67%。通过调整能源结构、提倡绿色出行、增加绿量、人 工降水等可有效控制长沙市大气颗粒物污染。     

高产、高出仁率花生新品种漯花10号的选育

为适应我国长江流域花生生产的需要,以中花10号为母本,与自选品系漯河紫皮杂交,用一粒传法结合南繁加代选育出高产、高出仁率花生新品种漯花10号。介绍了该品种的选育过程及其区域试验与生产试验的结果:两年区域试验平均荚果产量4645. 5 kg/hm^2,比对照增产2. 32%,籽仁产量3513. 0 kg/hm^2,比对照增产6. 73%;生产试验平均荚果产量4125. 15 kg/hm^2,比对照增产7. 96%,籽仁产量3118. 5 kg/hm^2,比对照增产12. 48%。     

大豆GmGW2基因的生物信息学分析

GW2基因在多种植物中发挥调控籽粒性状的功能,为预测分析大豆中GW2基因的功能,前期通过同源克隆的方法从大豆中成功克隆出GmGW2基因的cDNA序列。为了继续开展深入研究,本试验从大豆中黄10号中克隆出GmGW2基因的全长DNA序列并进行了较为详细的生物信息学分析。结果表明:GmGW2全长8 467 bp,包含8个外显子和7个内含子,编码431个氨基酸。预测是一个不稳定亲水蛋白,定位于细胞核或细胞质中,不含跨膜结构域及信号肽,具有Zinc finger和RING-type结构域。二级、三级结构预测分析显示,α-螺旋及不规则卷曲是其整体蛋白质结构中的主要组成结构元件。利用该基因的DNA序列,构建进化树分析得出该基因与木豆、相思子、鹰嘴豆亲缘关系较近。根据以上分析结果推测GmGW2基因可能也具有调控大豆籽粒发育的功能。此研究旨在为进一步挖掘和验证GmGW2基因功能奠定基础,为大豆产量育种工作提供有益信息。