氮、磷、钾对油研10号油菜产量和品质的影响

采用三元二次通用正交旋转组合设计,研究了直播栽培方式下氮、磷、钾与油研10号油菜品种产量、产油量、含油率、芥酸、硫甙、饼粕蛋白质含量之间的关系.结果表明,在试验设计水平范围内,随着施氮量的增加,产量、产油量、芥酸呈逐渐降低趋势,含油率和饼粕蛋白质含量呈逐渐增加趋势.芥酸、含油率、饼粕蛋白质含量与施磷量间呈开口向上的抛物线关系,呈现出高-低-高的变化趋势.同时获得产量200kg·667m-2和产油量85kg·667m-2的优化农艺措施方案分别为纯氮6.46～7.59kg·667m-2、P2O5(磷肥)6.58～8.42kg·667m-2、K2O(钾肥)10.37～13.63kg·667m-2和纯氮9.06kg·667m-2、P2O5(磷肥)6.20～8.80kg·667m-2、K2O(钾肥)9.69～14.31kg·667m-2.     

10%单嘧磺隆对麦田阔叶杂草的防效及后茬复种作物的影响

通过10%单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂田间喷雾试验表明,其对小麦、玉米的出苗和生长发育均无不良影响,但严重阻碍复种和后茬油菜等双子叶作物的出苗和生长发育,生产上应避免在10%单嘧磺隆可湿性粉剂施药田复种或后茬种植双子叶作物.同时表明对春小麦田阔叶杂草有较好的防除效果,优于目前生产上常用药剂10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂,且对小麦、玉米安全,具有推广应用前景.建议用药时间为小麦3叶1心、杂草2叶1心期,用药量为225 g/hm2对水900 L.     

Rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of a warm-temperate oak chronosequence in China

Plot trenching and root decomposition experiments were conducted in a warm-temperate oak chronosequence (40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old, and 143-year-old) in China. We partitioned total soil surface CO₂ efflux (R_S) into heterotrophic (R_H) and rhizospheric (R_R) components across the growing season of 2009. We found that the temporal variation of R_R and R_H can be well explained by soil temperature (T₅) at 5 cm depth using exponential equations for all forests. However, R_R of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests peaked in September, while their T₅ peaks occurred in August. R_R of 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests showed a similar pattern to T₅. The contribution of R_R to R_S (RC) of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests presented a second peak in September. Seasonal variation of R_R may be accounted for by the different successional stages. Cumulative R_H and R_R during the growing season varied with forest age. The estimated R_H values for 40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests averaged 431.72, 452.02, 484.62 and 678.93 g C m⁻², respectively, while the corresponding values of R_R averaged 191.94, 206.51, 321.13 and 153.03 g C m⁻². The estimated RC increased from 30.78% in the 40-year-old forest to 39.85% in the 80-year-old forest and then declined to 18.39% in the 143-year-old forest. We found soil organic carbon (SOC), especially the light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), stock at 0-10 cm soil depth correlated well with R_H. There was no significant relationship between R_R and fine root biomass regardless of stand age. Measured apparent temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of R_H (3.93 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than that of R_R (2.78 ± 0.73). Capillary porosity decreased as stand age increased and it was negatively correlated to cumulative R_S. Our results emphasize the importance of partitioning soil respiration in evaluating the stand age effect on soil respiration and its significance to future model construction.     

Constant and diurnally-varying temperature regimes lead to different temperature sensitivities of soil organic carbon decomposition

In a 122-day incubation experiment with two soil types under four temperature treatments, we examined whether the temperature sensitivity of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition differed between constant and diurnally-varying soil temperature regimes. We calculated the Q₁₀ values after accounting for changes in substrate availability and quality among treatments over time. The Q₁₀ values under constant temperature regime were consistently and significantly higher than those under diurnally-varying temperature regime, particularly in the later stages of decomposition (by up to 30%). This result indicated that different temperature regime was one of the important factors causing the current controversy about the temperature sensitivity of SOC decomposition in published reports.     

拟南芥AtHOS10基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

AtHOS10基因对植物冷调节起到重要作用,可以通过控制ABA合成来改变植物的脱水胁迫耐性。本文利用PCR方法从Columbia生态型的拟南芥基因组中扩增出冷调节基因AtHOS10,并插入克隆载体。序列分析表明,克隆片段长3453bp,与目前发表的序列完全一致。将pUC-AtHOS10和pBI-HEM进行酶切重组构建表达载体pBI-AtHOS10,然后将表达载体转化导入农杆菌中,为侵染烟草作准备。     

Thr-Ser-Ser位点对猪BCL10募集功能的影响

在完整克隆出猪BCL10基因的基础上,用大引物PCR法构建3个真核表达载体：pEGFP-B（完整猪BCL10）载体、pEGFP-D（缺失CARD结构域）载体和pEGFP-P（缺失Thr-Ser-Ser位点）载体,转染猪血管内皮细胞（SU-VEC）,观察其表达情况,以此研究Thr-Ser-Ser位点（富含TS区）对猪BCL10募集功能的影响。结果显示,pEGFP-B仅在胞质中表达,并呈短棒状,而pEGFP-D与pEGFP-P则在胞质和核内均有表达。表明CARD结构域参与猪BCL10募集过程,且Thr-Ser-Ser为CARD结构域中关键氨基酸位点,这为进一步研究猪BCL10功能和作用机制奠定了基础。     

科尔沁草甸草地土壤呼吸特征

在2010年,利用便携式CO2分析仪(Li-6400)对科尔沁草甸草地生态系统土壤呼吸进行测定,并根据同步观测的温度数据建立了土壤呼吸与土壤温度的关系模型.结果表明:土壤呼吸速率日变化表现为单峰型,最高值出现在下午14:00左右,最低值出现在凌晨;季节变化为夏季最大,为6.70～15.29 μmol·m-2·s-1,冬季最小,为0.02～3.21 μmol·m-2·s-1;土壤呼吸速率与土壤5cm温度呈显著指数相关,土壤温度能反映该草甸草地土壤呼吸的78.7％,Q10值为2.88;根呼吸约占土壤总呼吸的6.6％～29.4％,平均值为18.9％.     

The study on method to draw large-scale soil map in diluvial soil area in Hokkaido, using digital elevation data for a 10 m grid

(pp. 59–66)
In order to understand the detailed soil distribution of a terrace with a diluvial deposit, the method to draw a large-scale soil map was studied in Urausu Town of Sorachi district by combinig soil survey and digital elevation data for a 10 m grid.
The results are summarized as follows:

• 1) 

  From a soil survey, soils in the research area were classified into 3 soil series groups according to Classification of Cultivated Soils in Japan, Third Approximation, which were Skeletal Terrace Brown Forest Soils, Fine-textured Aquic Brown Forest Soils and Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils. In addition, Fine-textured Haplic Gray Upland Soils · were classified into 2 categories based on the abundance of gravel in the subsoil.

       

川西南常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸及其对氮沉降的响应

通过原位进行低氮(LN,50 kg N/hm2.a)、中氮(MN,100 kg N/hm2.a)和高氮(HN,150 kg N/hm2.a)处理,研究了川西南天然常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸及其对模拟N沉降的响应。结果表明:(1)该森林土壤呼吸速率最大值612.21±77.82 mg CO2/m2.h出现在7月份,最小值108.95±17.01 mg CO2/m2.h出现在2月,年均土壤呼吸速率为348.00±157.83 mg CO2/m2.h,年均土壤呼吸通量为8.31±3.77 t C/hm2.a。采用双因素关系模型(Rs=aebTWc),土壤温度和土壤湿度共同解释了该常绿阔叶林2005年10月~2006年7月土壤呼吸速率季节变化的68.6%~73.9%,其拟合结果优于以土壤湿度或温度为参数的单因素关系模型。影响土壤呼吸速率的主导因子是温度,其地表温度变化响应的敏感程度Q10值为2.12,以土壤5 cm深处的温度为参数时,Q10值为2.51。(2)N沉降处理3个月后,该森林中HN和MN处理的土壤呼吸速率(309.43±17.24 mg CO2/m2.h,303.82±11.50 mgCO2/m2.h)均显著高于CK(269.28±13.78 mg CO2/m2.h)(P<0.05);处理4个月后,HN的土壤呼吸速率(272.42±13.25 mg CO2/m2.h)均显著高于MN(239.65±10.33 mg CO2/m2.h)、LN(229.10±9.90 mg CO2/m2.h)和CK(234.51±12.77 mg CO2/m2.h)(P<0.05);但处理7~10个月时,各处理之间无显著差异。研究表明,N沉降初期明显促进了常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸,后期无明显影响。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白的真核表达及其牛结核病诊断价值评价

本研究旨在利用毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)系统融合表达结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)的培养滤液蛋白10(culture filter protein 10,CFP10)和早期分泌抗原靶6蛋白(earlier secreted antigen target 6,ESAT6),并评价其作为牛结核病外周血γ-干扰素(interferon gamma,IFN-γ)体外释放实验特异性刺激剂来诊断牛结核病的应用潜能.通过PCR扩增cfp1 0-esat6融合基因,构建pPICZα A-(cfp10-esat6)重组质粒,电转化毕赤酵母GSll5,添加甲醇至终浓度1.0％,诱导3d,取培养上清进行SDS-PAGE分析,镍离子金属螯合亲和层析柱纯化目的蛋白,Western blot分析重组蛋白的免疫反应性;取纯化的融合蛋白CFP10-ESAT6作为刺激剂用于牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验,评价其牛结核病诊断价值.结果表明,目的蛋白(33kD)被成功分泌表达,该融合蛋白与抗CFP10、ESAT6、组氨酸标签和c-Myc4种单抗均发生特异性反应,具有较好的免疫反应性.165份奶牛外周血样品的IFN-γ检测结果表明,CFP 10-ESAT6融合蛋白与结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(purified protein derivative,PPD)作为刺激剂,二者阳性符合率为82.3％,阴性符合率为78.8％.本研究利用酵母表达系统成功表达CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白,并表现出更高的生物学活性,在牛结核病外周血IFN-γ体外释放实验中可作为候选刺激剂,并能克服混合感染导致的PPD漏检问题,从而进一步提高检测的敏感性和特异性.