黄土高原不同地形封育草地的土壤呼吸日动态与影响因子分析

采用动态密闭气室红外CO₂分析法(IRGA)对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区不同地形的封育草地土壤呼吸速率日动态进行了测定,并分析了土壤呼吸与土壤温度、土壤水分、地下生物量和地形间的关系。研究结果显示,草地的土壤呼吸日动态呈单峰曲线,最小值为0.393~1.103 μmol/(m²·s),出现在凌晨;最大值为1.034～1.405 μmol/(m²·s),出现在14时左右,可以用正弦曲线拟合;而且不同样地间土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度间的关系均可用指数函数描述。土壤日均呼吸速率在不同地形的草地间存在差异,平坦草地为1.229 μmol/(m²·s),东北坡15°, 30° 和45° 草地分别为1.138, 1.033和0.890 μmol/(m²·s);西南坡15°, 30° 和45° 草地分别为1.036, 0.859和0.379 μmol/(m²·s);土壤呼吸速率随坡度的增大而减小,东北坡土壤呼吸速率小于西南坡,与不同样地间土壤水分和地下生物量的变化趋势一致,而且研究结果表明土壤呼吸的这种差异主要是受地形影响的土壤水分和地下生物量空间分布差异性决定的,而不同样地间土壤平均温度差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

京西百花山区六种植物群落凋落物及土壤呼吸特性研究

利用LI-8100开路式土壤碳通量测量系统,对京西百花山区6种植物群落夏季土壤呼吸作用的昼夜变化进行了对比研究.结果表明,6种植物群落土壤呼吸速率日变化成明显的单峰曲线,高峰值一般出现在13∶00～16∶00之间,最低值出现在03∶30～07∶30之间;不同植物群落土壤表层凋落物呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献率在6.62%～40.83%之间;土壤CO2日释放量以野艾蒿群落最高,其值为254880μmol·m-2·d-1,刺槐群落最低,其值为190944 μmol·m-2·d-1;凋落物CO2日释放量油松群落最大,达91368μmol·m-2·d-1,对土壤呼吸的贡献率为40.83%,而杂类草群落最低,日释放量只有13608μmol·m-2·d-1,对土壤呼吸的贡献率仅为6.62%.相关分析表明,土壤表层凋落物呼吸速率与凋落物厚度、蓄积量成正相关关系(n=6,P＜0.05),而与凋落物有机质含量无明显的相关性;土壤呼吸速率与环境因子具有显著的相关性,其中与土壤表层(5cm)温度呈极显著正相关关系(n=48,P＜0.001),而与近地面气压和CO2浓度呈负相关关系.     

中药接骨草光合生理特性研究

以野生接骨草(Sambucus chinensis Lind.)为研究对象,用便携式光合仪测定其光响应曲线和CO2响应曲线,同时测得了光合作用其他参数,旨在加深对接骨草光合特性和生理特性的认识,为其高产栽培和管理提供依据.结果表明:接骨草的叶片光饱和点(LSP)为308.97 μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点(LCP)为7.94 μmol·m-2·s-1,最大净光合速率(Pmax)为10.24μmol·m-2·s-1,暗呼吸速率(Rd)为-0.27μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率(AQY)为0.03,说明接骨草属喜阴性植物,能较好地利用弱光进行光合作用;CO2补偿点为55.63 μmol·mol-1,CO2饱和点为822.59 μmol·mol-1,羧化效率为0.04,表现出较大光合作用潜力和较广的生存适应能力.     

东祁连山灌-草群落交错带土壤呼吸动态及影响因子分析

为探究高寒灌-草交错带土壤呼吸动态及影响因素,应用LI-8100A土壤呼吸自动测定系统,对东祁连山典型灌丛-草地交错带土壤呼吸动态及土壤因子进行测定,分析呼吸速率与土壤因子的相互关系。结果表明,整个交错带内土壤呼吸速率的均值介于2.3~7.2 μmol/(m²·s),各样地间土壤呼吸速率大小顺序为珠芽蓼草甸中心(S₁)>草甸-金露梅灌丛交错区(MSC₁)>金露梅灌丛中心(S₂)>金露梅-杜鹃灌丛交错区(MSC₂)>杜鹃灌丛中心(S₃),S₁和MSC₁样地的土壤呼吸日变化呈单峰型,峰值出现在14:00,S₂、MSC₂、S₃样地峰型不明显,且日变幅较小,仅为0.3~1.1 μmol/(m²·s);交错带内土壤物理性质和养分储量呈明显的垂直分异规律,土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度、全磷储量呈极显著的正相关(P<0.01),与土壤含水量极显著负相关(P<0.01),与0~20 cm土壤有机碳储量呈显著负相关(P<0.05);拟合分析显示,土壤温度、含水量和全磷储量是土壤呼吸速率的主要限制因子,土壤呼吸与土壤温度拟合系数最高,可解释土壤呼吸空间变异的79.9%。     

昭苏山地草甸不同土地利用方式下的土壤呼吸特征及其水热关系的比较研究

为探讨不同土地利用方式对新疆昭苏马场山地草甸土壤呼吸速率的影响,对补播草地(RG)、豆禾混播草地(LG)、天然草地(NG)和农田(CR)进行测定,并分析了土壤呼吸速率与其影响因子间的关系。结果表明:(1)不同利用方式下各样地土壤呼吸日变化均随温度变化呈现出先增加后降低的变化态势,峰值在当地正午时分;月变化在2015年NG和CR呈现双峰值,RG和LG呈现单峰线,各处理均在8月小麦结实期达到最大值;2016年各处理出现峰值的时间不同,RG和LG在小麦的分蘖期达到最大值,NG和CR在小麦开花期达到最大值。(2)监测期内平均土壤呼吸速率由大到小为:NG、RG、CR、LG;各样地土壤呼吸CO_2排放量为:NGCRRGLG。(3)各样地土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度呈指数正相关,与体积含水量呈线性负相关,2015年Q_(10)值排序为RGCRNGLG,2016为NGLGCRRG。因此,补播和建植人工草地降低了土壤呼吸速率,使草地生态系统水热关系更加协调,减少了碳排放量,是昭苏地区退化草地生态恢复较好的选择。     

短期增温对亚高山草甸生物量和土壤呼吸速率的影响

以滇西北亚高山草甸为研究对象,利用开顶式生长室(OTC)提高土壤温度模拟全球气候变暖,探讨增温对夏季和冬季草地土壤水分,土壤呼吸速率和植被生物量等方面的影响。结果表明:在开顶式生长室的作用下,滇西北亚高山草甸地表年均温度较对照提高了1.56℃,冬季增温效果好于夏季。增温显著提高了草地的地上生物量(P<0.05),比对照高出148.76 g/m~2。同时增温促进了根系向10～20 cm土层扩展。在夏季和冬季,增温处理和对照的土壤呼吸速率均呈现单峰曲线,在14∶00时出现峰值,夏季的最高值为5.66μmol/(m~2·s),冬季为2.79μmol/(m~2·s),夏季的土壤呼吸速率较冬季高出2.87μmol/(m~2·s)。相关性分析表明,土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度呈显著正相关(P<0.05),土壤温度和土壤含水量则呈现出了极显著的负相关(P<0.01)。     

桑科草原不同草地利用方式土壤呼吸的动态研究

为探寻更加合理的草地利用方式,以甘肃省夏河县桑科乡高寒草原为研究区,分别设置放牧草地,放牧+施肥草地,放牧+划破补播草地、封育草地、人工草地处理,测定不同草地利用方式土壤呼吸的动态变化。结果表明:(1)土壤呼吸速率大小顺序为放牧+施肥人工封育放牧+划破补播放牧,最大值10.41μmol/(m2·s),最小值4.69μmol/(m2·s),日变化和季节变化均呈单峰曲线,日变化峰值出现在13∶00~14∶00,7月各处理土壤呼吸速率达最大。(2)土壤呼吸温度敏感性Q10值为放牧+施肥放牧人工放牧+划破补播封育,最大值1.826,最小值1.157。(3)土壤呼吸与土壤湿度的非线性相关关系P值大小为放牧+划破补播放牧人工封育放牧+施肥。放牧+施肥处理为最优草地利用方式。     

降雨量和温度变化对麻花艽叶片光合作用及相关生理参数的影响

以人为控制降雨量和LI-6400便携式光合测定系统控制温度方法,测定分析了降雨量和温度变化对高寒草甸典型组成植物——麻花艽叶片净光合速率及相关生理参数影响。结果显示:麻花艽叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率在降雨量增加下较高、自然降雨量下次之、降雨量减少处理下较低;水分利用效率在降雨量增加下较低、自然降雨量下次之、降雨量减少下较高,温度为25℃与15℃下差异不显著。麻花艽叶片净光合速率在光合有效辐射强度为0~800μmol.m-2.s-1时随光合有效辐射强度增加而增加,800~1200μmol.m-2.s-1时达最大,1200~3000μmol.m-2.s-1时变化不大;气孔导度和蒸腾速率随光合有效辐射强度增加而增加;胞间CO2浓度在光合有效辐射强度为0~800μmol.m-2.s-1时随光合有效辐射强度增加而下降,800~3000μmol.m-2.s-1时变化不大;水分利用效率在光合有效辐射强度为0~800μmol.m-2.s-1时随光合有效辐射强度增加而增加,800~3000μmol.m-2.s-1时呈现下降趋势。降雨量减少将使高寒草甸植物叶片净光合作用速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率降低。     

海拉尔地区苜蓿栽培草地土壤呼吸特性研究

使用便携式土壤呼吸测定仪(Li-6400)测定不同苜蓿品种栽培草地的土壤呼吸,并同步测定植株根系形态指标、土壤层温度、大气温度和土壤含水量。结果表明,黄花苜蓿(Medicago falcata)、龙牧801(M.sativacv.Longmu801)和肇东苜蓿(M.sativacv.Zhaodong)草地土壤呼吸的日最高值均出现在6:00,最低值分别出现在14:00、8:00和12:00,杂花苜蓿(M.varia)草地土壤呼吸速率最大值出现在8:00,最低值出现在14:00;4个苜蓿品种草地土壤呼吸速率值总体变化趋势是肇东苜蓿黄花苜蓿、杂花苜蓿龙牧801;土壤呼吸与植株根系、土壤温度呈线性正相关,与大气温度呈一元二次函数正相关,与土壤含水量呈负相关。     

不同放牧制度下短花针茅荒漠草原土壤呼吸动态研究

采用动态密闭气室法(IRGA),对短花针茅荒漠草原土壤呼吸进行野外定位观测,分析了生长季不同放牧制度土壤呼吸速率的日变化、季节变化及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明,1)不同放牧制度下短花针茅荒漠草原土壤呼吸日、季节动态差异不大,日动态受温度影响呈单峰曲线,季节变化主要受到水分因子的影响;2)与自由放牧土壤呼吸日均速率(0.449 7 μmol CO₂/m²·s)相比,划区轮牧(0.504 7 μmol CO₂/m²·s)在干旱月份较大,围栏禁牧(0.529 5 μmol CO₂/m²·s)除生长季初都显著增大,但纵观整个生长季,不同放牧制度下土壤呼吸均值差异不显著;3)土壤呼吸日均速率与气温的相关性大于与土壤温度的相关性,水温复合模型较单因子模型更好地解释土壤呼吸速率的变化;4)划区轮牧和自由放牧较围栏禁牧增大了土壤呼吸的温度敏感性(水分充足时),降低了土壤水分对土壤呼吸的影响。研究表明,不同的放牧方式对土壤呼吸速率及其环境因子效应影响较小,围栏禁牧较自由放牧改变了土壤呼吸日均速率及水热因子效应。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Feline intracranial neoplasia: retrospective review of 160 cases (1985-2001)

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of different tumor types within a large cohort of cats with intracranial neoplasia and to attempt to correlate signalment, tumor size and location, and survival time for each tumor. Medical records of 160 cats with confirmed intracranial neoplasia evaluated between 1985 and 2001 were reviewed. Parameters evaluated included age, sex, breed, FeLV/FIV status, clinical signs, duration of signs, number of tumors, tumor location(s), imaging results, treatment, survival times, and histopathologic diagnosis. Most of the cats were older (11.3 +/- 3.8 years). Primary tumors accounted for 70.6% of cases. Metastasis and direct extension of secondary tumors accounted for only 5.6 and 3.8% of cases, respectively. Twelve cats (7.5%) had 2 or more discrete tumors of the same type, whereas 16 cats (10.0%) had 2 different types of intracranial tumors. The most common tumor types were meningioma (n = 93, 58.1%), lymphoma (n = 23, 14.4%), pituitary tumors (n = 14, 8.8%), and gliomas (n = 12, 7.5%). The most common neurological signs were altered consciousness (n = 42, 26.2%), circling (n = 36, 22.5%), and seizures (n = 36, 22.5%). Cats without specific neurological signs were common (n = 34, 21.2%). The tumor was considered an incidental finding in 30 (18.8%) cats. In addition to expected relationships (eg, meninges and meningioma, pituitary and pituitary tumors), we found that lesion location was predictive of tumor type with diffuse cerebral or brainstem involvement predictive of lymphoma and third ventricle involvement predictive of meningioma.     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

The Prevalence and Intensity of Helminth and Coccidial Infections in Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

A survey of gastrointestinal parasite infections of young (<6 months old), immature (6–12 months old) and adult (>12 months old) dairy cattle on 16 farms in Kiambu District, Kenya was conducted during a dry season (September 1991 to January 1992) and during a wet season (March to July 1992). The survey was based on monthly coproparasitological examination of cohorts and worm counts in tracer calves. The effects of age, sex, farm and season on the prevalence and intensity of helminth and coccidial infections were determined. Faecal egg and oocyst counts revealed that the overall prevalences were: strongyles (including trichostrongyles) (85.5%), liver flukes (Fasciola gigantica) (34.0%), coccidia (30.9%) and tapeworms (9.6%). Eight species of the protozoan Eimeria were identified, the most prevalent species being E. bovis and E. zuernii. The most prevalent nematode genera were Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum and Trichostrongylus. Season, farm and age of the animals had a significant (p<0.05) influence on the intensity of infection with strongyles, liver flukes and coccidia, whereas the sex of the animals had no significant (p>0.05) effect on the prevalence or intensity of infections. A higher intensity of infection with strongyles and coccidia was found in the wet season than in the dry season (p<0.05). The age-specific intensity was in the following order: for strongyles, immature animals of 6–12 months of age had the highest egg counts, followed by young calves and adults. Calves had significantly (p<0.05) higher oocyst counts than immatures or adults. Liver fluke egg counts did not differ significant (p>0.05) between immatures and adult cattle.     

A brief history of the prevention of infectious diseases by immunisations

Infectious diseases have always been a terrible scourge for humans. The appearance of these plagues, as they were called without distinction, was generally connected to various conditions: asters, climatic changes or religious reasons. The concept of contagious, and then infectious, diseases came slowly. Variolation, i.e. transmission of ‘virulent’ matter to induce a natural disease and the immunity against it, was brought from Constantinople to England by Lady Montague, in 1721. This ‘variolation’ technique was also often performed in veterinary medicine against diseases like sheep-pox or pleuropneumonia. As ‘vaccination’ is the term generally accepted for ‘immunisation’, variolation can be the word designating such a technique. The second period of the history of immunisation began, in 1880, with the studies of Pasteur and his collaborators. A great number of bacterial vaccines were developed: dead, live but attenuated or only parts of pathogens. The viruses were produced in animals, then in eggs and at last, in tissue cultures. Second generation vaccines appeared with genetic engineering: recombinant vaccines, vector vaccines, nucleic acids vaccines, and markers vaccines, among others. These novel technologies can permit the development of new ones and improve the quality of the vaccines already existing.     

Micronutrient Content of Certain Tropical Conventional and Unconventional Feed Resources of Southern India

The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.     

Bovine Mastitis in Selected Areas of Southern Ethiopia

A study on bovine mastitis, designed to determine the causal agents, prevalence of infection and impact of risk factors in three cattle breeds, was conducted in selected areas of southern Ethiopia. A total of 307 lactating and non-lactating cows, of which 162 were indigenous Zebu, 85 Jersey and 60 Holstein-Friesian, were examined by clinical examination and the California mastitis (CMT) test. Of these, 40.4% were positive by CMT and bacteriology for clinical or subclinical mastitis, with prevalence rates of 37.1% and 62.9%, respectively. Out of 1133 quarters examined, 212 (18.7%) were found to be infected, 83 (39.2%) clinically and 129 (60.8%) subclinically. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher in Holstein-Friesian than in indigenous Zebu, in non-lactating cows than in lactating cows, in the early lactation stage than in the mid-lactation stage, in cows with lesions and/or tick infestation on skin of udder and/or teats than in cows without this factor, and in the wet season than in the dry season. Mastitis increased with parity number (R = 0.9). Of 248 CMT and clinically positive udder quarter samples analysed microbiologically, 212 were culturally positive for known mastitis pathogens and 36 were negative. Of the 199 positive samples, Staphylococcus accounted for 39.2%, Streptococcus for 23.6%, coliforms for 14.1%, Micrococcus and Bacillus species for 8.0% each and Actinomyces or Arcanobacterium (Corynebacterium) for 7.0%. It was concluded that there was a high prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis, mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Escherichia coli, in this study area.     

不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。