山羊胎期肺发育的形态学研究

对3～22周龄山羊胎儿肺进行了肉眼、光镜和透射电镜观察，结果表明：1．7～22周龄山羊胎儿肺的外部形态与胎龄无关，肺的外部形态以左二右四叶者为多见．肺的叶间裂和右肺副裂常不完整，以浆膜、肺组织或混合性组织(肺组织及浆膜)融合；2．山羊胎儿肺的发育分为5个时期：胚胎期(3～5周)肺芽分支形成主支气管，主支气管长度不断增长并萌芽出叶支气管，均衬以假复层柱状上皮。腺状期(6～12周)以支气管树发育为主，小支气管衬以假复层和／或单层柱状上皮；终蕾呈腺状，上皮细胞由假复层柱状逐渐变为单层柱状，胞核向细胞顶端移行；终蕾上皮细胞游离面可见短小的微绒毛；线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体随着胎龄增加而逐渐增多，它们均位于细胞顶部。小管期(13～14周)以呼吸部发育为主，原始肺泡开始形成，呼吸性细支气管衬以未分化的立方上皮；终蕾腺状结构逐渐消失，终蕾上皮细胞由高矮不等的单层柱状上皮逐渐演变为立方形的原始肺泡上皮；细胞游离面可见较多的微绒毛，胞质内线粒体、粗面内质网及核糖体较发达。囊状期(第15周)呼吸部发育显著，肺内细支气管及其末端呈现出“充气”状态；部分原始肺泡上皮细胞分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞；Ⅱ型细胞内出现嗜锇小体。肺泡期(16～22周)以肺泡的形成和分化为主，更多的肺泡上皮分化为扁平的肺泡Ⅰ型细胞和立方形的肺泡Ⅱ型细胞。此期，毛细血管内皮与部分肺泡上皮贴近，可将肺泡上皮细胞区分为3种：Ⅰ型细胞，呈矮柱状或椭圆形，胞质中有较明显的核糖体、扩张内质网及变性线粒体；形成了由Ⅰ型细胞一基膜一内皮细胞组成的气血屏障。Ⅱ型细胞，胞质内含丰富的嗜锇板层小体和核糖体，内质网扩张呈大小不一的泡状，多泡体出现，线粒体膨大变性，细胞游离面可见少数微绒毛。Ⅲ型细胞，为未分化细胞，呈立方形，胞体较小，胞核相对较大，呈圆或椭圆形，胞质少，呈带状．电子密度低，细胞器少。     

紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的初步定位

以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)不育系MS-GN-1A为母本,恢复系MS178为父本组合构建BSA分离群体,获得的F1代均表现为雄性可育,在大田种植了221株F2代群体单株,盛花期将花粉颗粒染色后,显微镜下观察统计出,不育的F2代株数为57,可育F2代株数164,并没有观察到半不育植株。将所有植株划分为可育和不育两组,并构建可育和不育DNA混池,混池DNA从可育和不育植株组DNA中各随机抽取20个样品,以此对恢复基因定位。随机挑选160对已知的四倍体苜蓿SSR引物扩增基因池DNA,获得2个具有多态性的分子标记,分别是Mt2c12、AW166,初步定位Rf基因在类群Composite5上。将类群Composite5上的所有引物进行合成,进一步进行引物筛选,最终获得4个具有多态性的标记BI68、Mt2c12、BG267和AW776153,遗传距离分别为19.0、20.9、44.6和72.1cM。     

牛产气荚膜梭菌荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立及应用

为建立特异性强、灵敏度高、重复性好的产气荚膜梭菌荧光定量PCR检测方法，本试验根据产气荚膜梭菌的plc基因保守序列设计合成特异性引物探针，摸索其最佳反应条件，进行灵敏性、特异性、重复性以及临床样本验证。结果表明：建立的方法具有较好的灵敏性、特异性及重复性，最低检出限度为8.26×10¹拷贝/μL，在8.26×10³～8.26×10⁸拷贝/μL的范围内具有良好的线性关系，同时不与其他致病菌发生交叉反应，组间及组内的变异系数均小于4%，应用比方法在采集的300份临床样品中检出24份阳性样品，与常规细菌分离鉴定方法结果符合率为94.12%。说明试验成功建立了牛产气荚膜梭菌荧光定量PCR检测方法，这将为牛产气荚膜梭菌的快速诊断提供技术支持。     

长链寡核苷酸生物合成方法的研究

化学合成长链寡核苷酸面临许多困难，研究通过对长链寡核苷酸生物合成方法的研究，成功合成并纯化了长链寡核苷酸，其长度达到146nt，并且其序列没有错误。生物合成的基本方法是：首先用一对PCR引物扩增DNA模板，     

Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

线粒体电子传递链复合物Ⅲ和线粒体疾病

线粒体是细胞内不可或缺的细胞器,它合成细胞所需90%以上的能量。线粒体疾病多为遗传性罕见病,但其致死性强且致病机理还不清晰。电子传递链复合物Ⅲ是电子传递的重要载体,与呼吸链上其他复合物相比,其与线粒体疾病的联系并不是很清楚。随着人们对复合物Ⅲ组装过程研究的不断深入,多个致病基因不断被发现,使得人们重新审视其与线粒体疾病的关系。本综述以近年来复合物Ⅲ的研究进展为基础,分析并总结了相关线粒体疾病的发病机理和未来的研究方向。     

呫吨酮衍生物XP-15对BEL-7402细胞线粒体膜电位的影响

目的 :探讨呫吨酮并吡啶衍生物9-(2-吗啡啉乙酰胺基)-7H-吡啶并[4,3-c]呫吨-7-酮(XP-15)对BEL-7402细胞线粒体膜电位的影响。方法:通过MTT法、细胞形态学和克隆实验观察XP-15对BEL-7402细胞增殖的影响;用荧光分光光度计检测线粒体膜电位的影响。结果:高剂量的XP-15能明显抑制BEL-7402细胞增殖(P<0.05);对BEL-7402细胞克隆的抑制作用,呈剂量和时间依赖性。XP-15作用后,BEL-7402细胞的线粒体膜电位降低(P<0.05)。结论:XP-15诱导BEL-7402细胞凋亡的作用,可能与其降低线粒体膜电位有关。