蛹虫草多糖的抗氧化活性研究

【目的】研究蛹虫草多糖的体内外抗氧化活性,为蛹虫草多糖的开发利用提供依据。【方法】以蛹虫草为原料,采用水提醇沉法制备蛹虫草粗多糖（cordyceps militaris polysaccharide,CMPs）,再以二乙氨基乙基纤维素52（DEAE cellulose 52,DEAE-52）柱色谱法进行分离纯化,通过苯酚 硫酸法测其总糖含量;测定蛹虫草多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、ABTS·和DPPH·的清除作用;建立D 半乳糖致小鼠亚急性衰老模型,进一步研究CMPs的体内抗氧化活性。【结果】纯化后的蛹虫草多糖总糖含量为82.57%;体外抗氧化活性结果表明,蛹虫草多糖（CMPs）对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、ABTS·和DPPH·均有良好的清除作用,且呈现良好的剂量效应关系,其半数有效质量浓度（EC₅₀）分别达到1.912,2.153,1.612和2.058 mg/mL。体内抗氧化活性结果表明,CMPs能够显著提高衰老模型小鼠血清和肝脏组织中的T-SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活力,同时能显著降低MDA含量,并且呈现良好的质量浓度依存关系,尤其是在高剂量时可以使衰老模型小鼠血清和肝脏组织中相关抗氧化指标恢复到或接近正常水平,极显著降低机体的MDA含量。【结论】蛹虫草多糖（CMPs）具有良好的体内外抗氧化活性,具有开发成天然抗氧化剂的潜能。     

Turnover of Se in adequately fed chickens using Se‐75 as a tracer

Inorganic selenium (Se) in the form of selenite is applied to livestock to avoid Se deficiency. Selenite is, however, an artificial Se source in diets of unsupplemented chickens. It is therefore hypothesized that organic Se sources, such as Se‐enriched yeast and wheat, could be a more suitable Se supply in animal nutrition, although information on the transition of Se from organic Se sources in fast‐growing chickens is scarce. In this work, chickens were fed a low Se diet (0.27 ± 0.01 mg Se/kg, Se‐enriched yeast) until 20 days of age, after which the Se concentration was increased to maximum concentration allowed by the poultry industry in Europe (0.5 p.p.m. Se). At the same time, a daily contribution of carrier‐free ⁷⁵Se tracer from labelled wheat was administered from day 20 to 27. The chickens showed S and Se homeostasis, as the concentration of S and Se in liver, blood or kidney remained about constant, and steady state of S and Se in the other organs was reached 1 day after the diet shift. The uptake of ⁷⁵Se was readily seen in all organs. After 1 week, the depuration of the ⁷⁵Se tracer was followed, and biological half‐lives and retention in individual organs were determined. The shortest biological half‐lives were observed in major metabolic organs, the liver, kidney and pancreas with half‐lives close to 4 days. There was a significant (p < 0.05) uptake in lung, brain and muscle that reached steady state when the administration of ⁷⁵Se was terminated. The half‐life of ⁷⁵Se in heart was 9 days and 7 days in blood. The longest half‐lives were observed in muscle (12 days), brain and lungs (13 days). All half‐lives were shorter than in Se deplete animals.     

光合细菌配合面包酵母与藻粉培养轮虫的实验

以面包酵母与一定量螺旋藻粉培养褶皱臂尾轮虫的过程中，添加光合细菌液进行实验。结果表明：光合细菌作为辅助性饵料，对轮虫的生长具有明显特殊的促进作用。4组实验显示：投喂适宜量光合细菌轮虫增殖明显加快，但与光合细菌添加量的增加不完全呈正比关系；投喂光合细菌新鲜培养液与老培养液轮虫增殖效果相近；投喂光合细菌只能作为辅助性饵料。当配合酵母、藻粉培育轮虫时，3者在饵料上起到了良好的互补作用，培养效果最佳。     

虾夷扇贝内脏多糖的提取及清除羟基自由基作用的研究

通过正交试验确定最佳提取条件为:温度50℃,pH 8.0,加酶量0.25%,料液比1∶45,提取时间2.5 h;最佳条件下提取的虾夷扇贝内脏多糖具有清除羟基自由基的能力。试验结果表明,6.5 mg/m l虾夷扇贝内脏多糖对羟基自由基的清除率可达84.75%。     

灵芝活性成分的研究进展

灵芝活性成分复杂,其主要的生理活性物质有多糖类、三萜类、免疫调节蛋白类、凝集素类、核苷类、甾醇类、生物碱类和微量元素等,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、调节免疫、降血糖、降血脂、抗病毒、消炎抗菌等功效,因此,对其活性成分的研究具有重要意义。现对灵芝的主要活性成分及其生物活性的国内外研究现状进行综述,为灵芝产品的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。     

超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺优化

【目的】优化超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的工艺条件,为珠子参的开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】以珠子参根茎为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察料液比、提取时间、提取温度、超声波功率对多糖提取率的影响。【结果】影响超声波提取珠子参根茎多糖的因素顺序为：料液比〉提取温度〉提取时间〉超声波功率,其最佳提取条件为：在料液比1∶10、提取温度60℃、提取功率90 W的条件下提取20 min,珠子参根茎多糖提取率为11.71%。【结论】超声波提取法具有提取时间短、提取率较高、操作简便、稳定性好等优点,是提取珠子参根茎多糖的有效方法。     

黄芪多糖对猪瘟活疫苗免疫应答的佐剂作用

为研究黄芪多糖对猪瘟活疫苗的佐剂作用,分别用0.5％黄芪多糖、疫苗专用稀释液、生理盐水（对照）稀释猪瘟耐热保护剂活疫苗免疫猪,测定免疫后不同时间段内血清中 IgG 及其亚型IgG1、IgG2、IgG3、IgG4和细胞因子IL 2、IL 6的含量。结果显示,与对照组相比,黄芪多糖作为疫苗稀释液可以显著提高血清中IgG及其亚型和细胞因子IL 2、IL 6的含量。与疫苗专用稀释液组相比,在免疫后第7、14、28天,黄芪多糖组IgG含量均提高,分别提高1.6％（P＞0.05）、6.4％（P＜0.05）、7.1％（P＜0.05）,IL 2含量分别提高12.1％（P＜0.05）、2.9％（P＞0.05）、15.3％（P＜0.05）,IL 6含量差异均不显著。表明,黄芪多糖作为疫苗稀释液对猪瘟活疫苗具有良好的佐剂作用。     

4个桑树品种桑葚多糖提取条件的优化及其含量比较

以吉林省东部和中部地区的成熟黑桑、白桑、栽培种蒙桑及野生蒙桑的桑葚为材料,通过单因素及响应面法试验,对桑葚多糖提取条件进行了优化,并对4个品种桑葚的多糖含量进行比较,结果表明,桑葚多糖的最佳提取条件为温度91℃,提取时间53 min,料液比1︰48。各品种桑树桑葚多糖含量由高到低排列依次为:栽培种蒙桑(223.658 mg/g)白桑(212.575 mg/g)黑桑(179.920 mg/g)野生蒙桑(146.123 mg/g)。     

Effect of temperature and cell density on ethanol fermentation by a thermotolerant aquatic yeast strain isolated from a hot spring environment

ABSTRACT: A thermotolerant, fermentative yeast strain named RND13 from a hot spring drainage was evaluated for its ethanol-producing ability at elevated temperatures at a high substrate concentration [15% (w/v) glucose] close to the level reflecting industrial practice. The RND13 was capable of utilizing glucose almost completely at 40°C with increasing inoculum size, producing ethanol up to 6.6% (w/v), which is comparable to levels (7.0–7.2%) at 30°C. The maximum rate of ethanol production by the RND13 was found to be 9.0 g/L per h at 40°C in an inoculum sized 5% (w/v). At 43°C, however, the RND13 could not utilize glucose to completion and showed a slight drop in the extent of produced ethanol [6.0% (w/v)]. Thus, the culture at 40°C with a 5% cell inoculum was considered to be the optimal condition for ethanol production at higher temperatures in terms of batch fermentation. In the phylogenetic analysis based on the small-subunit rDNA sequence, the strain was grouped together with both Candida glabrata and Kluyveromyces delphensis , which are relatively close to Saccharomyces cerevisiae .     

A preliminary study on the effects of dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides, singularly or in combination, on juvenile red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with brewers yeast (Brewtech^®) and nucleotides (Optimûn), either singularly or in combination, on red drum growth, body composition, stress responses and possible resistance to Amyloodinium ocellatum infection. Juvenile red drum (～1 g initially) fed practical fish‐meal‐based diets for 6 weeks had similar weight gain regardless of whether the diet was unsupplemented (basal) or supplemented with brewers yeast (2% of diet), nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet) or both brewers yeast (2% of diet) and nucleotides (Optimûn at 0.2% of diet). Dietary effects on hepatosomatic index, intraperitoneal fat ratio or whole‐body composition were not significant, except that fish fed the singular nucleotide supplement had a significantly higher whole‐body lipid content compared with fish fed the basal diet. No significant dietary effects on cortisol response were observed after a 15 min confinement stress test perhaps because of the extreme variation among individual fish. Subsequently, in situ challenge by co‐habitation with A. ocellatum caused 100% mortality regardless of dietary treatment within a 48 h period. It is concluded that dietary supplementation of brewers yeast and nucleotides did not promote enhanced growth or improved cortisol response and resistance to uncontrolled amyloodiniosis in juvenile red drum, at least at the tested dosages.