论耕地总量动态平衡及其实施的技术基础

从土地管理的目标出发,分析了耕地总量动态平衡的实质,提出了耕地总量动态平衡的内涵及其函数模型,进而分析了耕地数量、耕地质量、时代（时间）和区域（空间）等四个变量因素与耕地总量动态平衡的相关性,并认为制定一个科学的、切实可行的土地利用总体规划是实施耕地总量动态平衡的技术基础．     

佛山市湿地松林地表径流中可溶解性氮和磷的流失特征

研究了佛山的湿地松林地表径流及可溶解性氮和磷流失的特点.结果表明,湿地松林的年径流量为16.7 mm,集中在夏季.林分的地表径流量和降雨量的关系按照二项式方程变化.地表径流中氮浓度与径流量之间存在着对数关系.湿地松林的地表径流中可溶解性氮输出量为221g/(hm2·a),春季和夏季为氮流失高峰期,占可溶解性氮年流失量的80%以上.湿地松林地表径流中可溶解性磷流失量为7.0g/(hm2·a),2008年5月和6月为湿地松林的地表径流中可溶解性磷流失高峰,占该年流失量的59%.     

小流域降水径流沟渠中氮磷的流失特征与生态拦截效应

为研究降水径流过程中非点源污染物氮、磷浓度的变化特征,分析降水作用下长沙县金井河小流域农业源头沟渠水中氮、磷的流失特征与生态拦截效应。结果表明:在降水初期非点源污染物氮、磷浓度与降水径流量的变化均呈逐渐递增趋势,雨后均呈递减变化;降水作用下沟渠系统总氮输出的最大值为4.67 mg/L,总磷输出的最大值为0.38 mg/L,其氮素输出的主要形态为氨态氮和硝态氮;雨后各断面氮、磷的输出随着时间的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,其中总氮与总磷含量分别在雨后第3天和第2天达到最高;菖蒲–茭白段的生态拦截效果明显高于自然段的自然净化效果,表明植物拦截和吸收是植被段氮、磷去除的重要途径,菖蒲、茭白在6月吸收氮、磷分别达26.90、2.34 g/m~2。     

供应不同形态氮肥VA菌根对三叶草苗期生长和磷素营养的影响

本试验采用三室盆栽系统研究两种不同形态的氮肥(铵态氮和硝态氮)接种泡囊——丛枝(VA)菌根真菌对三叶草苗期植株生长和磷素营养的影响。测定各处理植株的生长量和根系的总长度,分析植株 N,P,K 等养分的含量和收获后中室边室土壤 Olsen-P 浓度及 pH值。结果表明,施用两种不同形态的氮肥,接种菌根真菌显著增加了植株的干物重,提高了植株中 P 的含量,且在 NH_4-N 的处理中,菌根效应要大于 NO_3-N 的处理。施 NH_4-N,菌根处理的边室土壤 pH 值和 Olsen-P 的含量都显著低于未接种的处理,而施硝态氮的处理菌根对pH 值的影响不显著。说明菌根对寄主植物的营养效应与环境中氮素的形态有密切的关系。     

不同磷水平下玉米和小麦植株亚细胞中镉的积累

Corn and wheat plants were grown in a nutrient culture solution at four levels of phosphorus (0,0.12,0.60 and 3.0mmol L^-1) and two levels of cadmium(0 and 4.0umol L^-1) in greenhouse for a 18-day period.The concentrations of phosphorus and cadmium in cell wall,cytoplasm and vacuoles of roots and leaves were examined by cell fractionation techniques.With increasing phosphorus in medium,the contents of P in cell wall,cytoplasm and vacuoles of corn and wheat roots and leaves increased.The highest content of P was observed in cell wall,next in vacuoles,and the lowest in cytoplasm.The wheat subcellular fractions in both roots and leaves hab higher concentrations of phosphorus than those of corn.Increasing phosphorus in medium significantly inhibited the intracellular Cd accumulation in both species,However,at P concentration up to 3.0mmol L^-1,the Cd content in cell wall was increased.Increasing phosphorus resulted in reduction of the subcellular Cd content in cell wall was increased.Increasing phosphorus resulted in reduction of the subcellualr Cd content in corn and wheat leaves.Compared with corn,the wheat roots had a higher Cd content in the cell wall and vacuoles and a lower in cytoplasm,while in leaf subcellular fractions the wheat cell had a higher Cd content in its vacuoles and a lower one in its cytoplasm,The results indicate that phosphorus may be involved in sequestration of Cd ionic activity in both cell wall and vaculoes by forming insoluble Cd phosphate.     

乳牛口服大量β-胡萝卜素对维生素D3及钙磷代谢的影响

６头健康成年荷斯坦乳牛被随机均分为２组。试验组牛第１周每头口服β－胡萝卜素２３．０ｇ,以后每周每头口服１１．５ｇ,对照组不做任何处理。试验期共８周。结果表明,试验组乳牛血清钙及无机磷水平呈下降趋势;血清维生素Ｄ３活性代谢产物２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３和１,２５－（ＯＨ）２－Ｄ３均呈现明显下降;至第５周末,血液β－胡萝卜素水平最高,２５－ＯＨ－Ｄ３水平下降非常明显。据此认为,乳牛对β－胡萝卜素的吸收存在一阈值,大剂量的β－胡萝卜素进入机体,可能直接干扰维生素Ｄ３的羟化,使其活性代谢产物呈下降趋势,但由于吸收阈值的存在,其对维生素Ｄ３和骨骼钙磷代谢的干扰作用可得到一定程度的减缓。     

花生DNA快速简便提取方法的研究

在花生新鲜针叶和干叶ＤＮＡ提取过程中,应用ｐＨ值较低,无机盐浓度较高的提取缓冲液可沉淀蛋白质,其中加入２％的β－巯基乙醇可有效地防止次生代谢物质使ＤＮＡ变色。提取出的ＤＮＡ样品产率在９２．６～２１６．３１ｎｇ／ｍｇ．ｆｗ,ＤＮＡ质量和纯度较高,２６０ｎｍ／２８０ｎｍ光密度比值在１．８～１．９之间。所得ＤＮＡ可直接用于限制性内切酶酶切,并可用于随机引物ＰＣＲ扩增。该方法为花生分子生物学研究提供基础。     

Balance trials with African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed phytase-treated soybean meal-based diets

Balance trials were conducted with African catfish Clarias gariepinus to assess the effect of phytase treatment of soybean meal-based diets on growth, feed utilization and nutrient budgets. Isocaloric (20–22 kJ g⁻¹) and isonitrogenous (47–50% protein) diets were tested. In a first experiment the control diet (58% fish meal and 18% soybean meal) was compared with two diets containing 6% fish meal and 69% soybean meal, and two diets containing 29% fish meal and 41% soybean meal. One of each of these two diets had been pretreated with phytase (1000 units per kg dry diet). In the second experiment, the control diet (6% fish meal and 69% soybean meal, pretreated with 1000 units phytase kg⁻¹ dry diet) was compared with four diets that were similar in composition but supplemented with increasing amounts of phytase (15, 380, 750, 1000 units kg⁻¹ dry diet). Replacement of fish meal by soybean meal in the first experiment led to a depression in growth rate and feed utilization parameters. Results of both experiments clearly indicated a positive effect of phytase treatment, particularly on phosphorus digestibility and retention, and consequently the phosphorus conversion efficiency and the phosphorus budget. No differences in these parameters were found between addition of equal amounts of phytase by pretreatment or supplementation.     

洪涝胁迫对水稻磷及钾营养的影响

为探索洪涝胁迫造成水稻减产的生现机抽穗期设置续以杂交稻威优４６为材料,采用３因素５水平正交组合设计,研究了不同淹水处理对稻株内磷,钾含量及其与水稻产量关系的影响。     

北京石灰性潮土长期轮作的磷肥合理运筹

以中国农业大学昌平试验站11年肥料试验结果为依据,分析了北京地区潮上在长期轮作条件下,磷肥的施用与作物产量、肥料经济效益、磷肥迭加效应、土壤速效磷变化趋势以及作物对肥料和土壤磷的吸收比例等的关系,据此并结合近期研究进展提出：在冬小麦—夏玉米→春玉米轮作条件下,每年施磷肥（P2O5）112．5kg·hm-2,并作为冬小麦、春玉米基肥,是一个既能获得作物持续高产和肥料高效,又能维持或不断提高土壤供磷能力的优化磷肥运筹方案。