Can giant clam (Tridacna squamosa) populations be restored on Singapore's heavily impacted coral reefs?

• 1. Giant clams have been a sustainable resource for millennia, but unregulated harvesting has led to local extinctions within the Indo‐Pacific region. Giant clam mariculture can produce large numbers of juveniles for restocking wild populations where natural recruitment is low or absent.
• 2. Singapore is surrounded by more than 60 small islands, many with fringing reefs. These reefs, however, experience increased turbidity and sedimentation resulting from massive coastal development projects and regular dredging of shipping lanes.
• 3. Seven reefs off Singapore's southern islands were surveyed (9670 m²) for giant clams. Also, an experiment was conducted to determine the growth of Tridacna squamosa reared in aquaria under three light treatments: ～50% ambient photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); ～25% ambient PAR; and ～12% ambient PAR. Finally, 144 clams (T. squamosa) were transplanted to four reefs around Singapore to study survival and growth in a heavily impacted environment.
• 4. A total of 23 adult clams from three species were found during the survey, representing a mean density of 0.24 per 100 m². Most clams were found at Raffles Lighthouse, Singapore's ‘best’ reef. No juvenile clams were encountered. In the aquarium experiment, clam growth was significantly different among the three light treatments, with growth greatest in the ～50% ambient PAR treatment. Of the 144 transplanted clams, 116 (80.6%) were recovered after 7 months. All specimens had increased in size, with growth rates among reefs ranging from 3.3 mm month^?1 (SD=1.3 mm) to 4.8 mm month^?1 (SD=1.6 mm).
• 5. Results suggest that, despite high levels of sedimentation and turbidity on Singapore's reefs, giant clams can survive and grow well. Restocking efforts using maricultured clams may be effective in enhancing the dwindling local populations. It is not clear, however, whether a self‐sustaining community can be established as high sedimentation may hinder larval settlement and survival.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同生态环境下散养鸡寄生虫区系调查

对榆林市不同生态环境下散养鸡的寄生虫进行比较详细的调查.发现鸡寄生虫14种,隶属8科10属,其中外寄生虫6种,分别属于3科5属,鸡内寄生虫8种,分别属于5科5属,其中线虫5种,绦虫3种,吸虫1种.分析了各类虫种的感染率、感染强度及优势虫种,并对不同生态环境下的鸡寄生虫感染情况进行了分析对比;在调查寄生虫感染原因的基础上,提出了防制措施.     

A case-control study to identify farm factors affecting fertility of dairy herds: univariate description of factors

Objective To identify farm factors which were associated with reproductive performance in dairy herds in New South Wales.
Procedure A survey was administered by face to face interview to examine the responses of producers drawn from 757 herds, which used the New South Wales Agriculture Department Dairy Herd Improvement scheme. A case-control approach was used to select a total of 126 herds from the first (top group - cases) and fourth quartiles (low group - controls) for intercalving interval.
Results We found that the estimated interval from calving to first mating was significantly different between groups (P = 0.03) and that the groups significantly differed in both their target for interval to first mating (P = 0.02) and their perceived optimum time for first mating (P = 0.04). Other factors associated with a longer intercalving interval included, use of embryo transfer programs (P = 0.08), younger managers (P = 0.02), fewer breedings per day (P = 0.01), a greater number of people detecting heats (P = 0.07), but less hours spent detecting heats while handling the cows (P = 0.11), and a failure to vaccinate bulls for campylobacteriosis (P = 0.14).
Conclusions Managers of herds with poorer reproductive performance did not intend to mate cattle as soon after calving as managers with better reproductive performance, were not as active in seeking veterinary advice on reproduction, and were attempting to treat reproductive diseases and disorders themselves.     

林区道桥工程的时代新技术影响与机遇

从宏观视角，针对林区道桥工程时代新技术影响，分析提出了“两大三高”特征、个性化、虚拟工作平台等问题，以及带给道桥工程专业人员的挑战与机遇。     

壶瓶山自然保护区华南虎野外调查及栖息地评价

湖南省壶瓶山是森林和野生动物类型的国家级自然保护区,是近几年发现华南虎Panthera tigris amoyensis证据较多的区域.中美华南虎联合调查队于2001年10～12月采用访问调查法、样带调查法、痕迹调查法和红外线自动照相技术等目前国际国内通用的方法和技术,对该保护区进行了调查.此次调查虽未得到华南虎存在的确切证据,但较系统地调查了该区域的生境状况,初步评价了华南虎的生存环境.该区域历史上是华南虎分布较多的区域.经分析,目前仍具备华南虎生存的基本条件,是以后实施华南虎重引入工程较为理想的试验基地.表2参13     

校园植物信息的数字化采集与校园植物电子杂志的制作——以内蒙古大学创业学院为例

为了深入了解内蒙古大学创业学院校园植物资源情况,并利用校园资源丰富《生态学》课程教学,通过实地调查统计、文献调查、植物志检索结合的方法,对学院校园植物的种类、数量、分布及植物相关情况进行系统的调查研究,整理出本校的植物名录,并制作植物检索表,且制作了基于二维码技术的内蒙古大学创业学院校园植物电子杂志。经调查统计得岀,截至2019年6月31日,内蒙古大学创业学院校园现有植物22科37属41种,其中裸子植物5种,被子植物36种.草本19种,乔木12种,灌木8种,藤本2种。目前,校园植物资源主要是作为园林观赏美化环境使用,在营造校园文化、创建地域特色、完善相关课程建设等方面的价值还有待挖掘,具有较大的开发潜力。校园植物不仅是作为景观资源来使用,也能与相关学科的教学、植物相关知识的普及联系起来,发挥出更大的作用。     

梣天牛危害损失调查初报

梣天牛幼虫危害椴树主干,成虫危害椴树叶柄,在3年内使树体从上向下干枯死亡,材质腐化,平均枯死木蓄积占林木蓄积的18．12％。发生林分直接经济损失16 110元·hm-2,生态效益损失在96 660 -322 200元。     

吉林省栗山天牛专项调查技术报告

栗山天牛专项调查结果表明,栗山天牛是我省目前发生面积最大、危害最重、造成经济和生态损失最大的林业有害生物。通过专项调查,全面掌握了栗山天牛在吉林省的分布面积、发生面积和成灾面积,并将栗山天牛的分布、发生与成灾面积落实到了具体林班和小班。为进一步监测栗山天牛的发生、发展趋势与危害情况提供了基础数据,为制定栗山天牛防治对策提供了科学依据。     

森林生态旅游环境解译服务游客态度调查--以金殿国家森林公园为例

通过实地考察、调查问卷等方法,以金殿国家森林公园为研究案例,进行游客对解译服务内心期望重要程度和实际体验满意程度调查,了解游客对解译媒体、媒体设计、解译内容等的选择倾向,分析不同性别、不同年龄、不同文化层次游客的偏好差异,并提出完善解译媒体、系统培训人员、建立教育基地等的构建对策。     

森林资源二类调查中小班区划方法研究

通过对森林资源二类调查中小班区划方法进行改进得到连续小班区划方法 ,试验证明这种方法可以节省大量野外调查时间 ,大幅度提高小班界线区划的准确性 ,使小班界线相对稳定 ,调查成果可提供落实到山头地块的森林资源现状和动态变化数据及图面材料