南方水稻黑条矮缩病抗病遗传资源与分子机理研究进展

南方水稻黑条矮缩病（Souther rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease, SRBSDVD）是依靠白背飞虱（Sogatella furcifera）为传播介体，由南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒（Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus，SRBSDV）侵染引起的一种水稻病毒病。该病害于 2001 年在我国华南地区首次被发现，随后发生面积不断扩大，危害逐年加重，已成为近年来危害中国南方稻区水稻生产的重要病害之一。白背飞虱迁飞性强、种群数量大、传毒持久等特点，导致化学农药防虫治病效果并不理想，至今还未有可持续和绿色控制 SRBSDVD 的手段。根据病原病毒的爆发性及其传播介体白背飞虱的生物学特性，预计该病害在未来较长的一段时期内将是我国最严重的水稻病害之一，很有可能再次暴发流行。因此，当前生产上急需培育出能够抵御 SRBSDVD 的抗性水稻品种。本文综述了 SRBSDVD 的发病规律、抗病种质资源的收集与评估、抗病基因或数量性状位点（QTL）的精确定位，以及这些抗性基因的分子作用机制，进一步探讨了利用现代分子生物学技术，包括分子标记辅助选择、基因沉默（RNAi）和基因编辑等技术加快 SRBSDVD 抗病品种的选育，可为今后有效控制 SRBSDVD 提供基础。     

次黄筒天牛生物学特性及卵的空间分布研究

次黄筒天牛在江苏太仓1～2年发生一代，幼虫在枝干内越冬，成虫6月上旬～7月中旬羽化，取食桑树的嫩叶、叶脉，产卵于桑树新梢端部。卵期13d，幼虫蛀入枝条，先向上蛀食到梢端再调头向下蛀食，枝条短的幼虫可入拳越冬，第2年5月中旬化蛹，蛹期约16d。被害株有效条数降低，影响产叶量。该虫卵的空间分布为聚集型。个体间相互吸引但聚集强度不高，并在此基础上提出了序贯抽样模型。     

大亚湾大型底栖动物物种多样性现状

利用2004年3月、5月、9月和12月的大型底栖动物定量采样数据，对大亚湾大型底栖动物的物种多样性进行研究。结果表明，因人类活动影响的加剧，目前大型底栖动物多样性明显低于历史水平。2004年大亚湾海域内共出现79种（类）大型底栖动物，全海域均匀度（J）、丰富度（D）和Shannon—Wiener指数（H’）均值分别为1．17、0．74和2．06。各多样性指数的季节变化较小，不存在显著差异（P〉0．05）。多样性水平以冬季〈春季〈夏季〈秋季。大亚湾明显的干、湿季变化对大型底栖动物多样性有所影响，湿季多样性水平高于干季。湾口海域大型底栖动物多样性水平较高，因湾顶和湾中部海域内小鳞帘蛤Veremolpamicra和粗帝汶蛤Timocleascabra极强的优势地位，导致湾顶和湾中部海域多样性水平较低。水温升高而引发的小鳞帘蛤和粗帝汶蛤丰度的变化，造成了湾顶和湾中部海域大型底栖动物多样性水平的季节变化。     

南疆阿拉尔垦区海岛棉耗水规律研究

通过对7个海岛棉品种土壤水分动态变化分析研究,结果表明,不同品种各生育期土壤含水量、土壤蓄水量存在极显著差异。所有品种土壤含水量在不同土层的变化趋势基本一致,呈现出“Z”字型的规律性变化。即随土层深度的增加,土壤含水量逐渐减少,80～100 cm土层土壤含水量又升高。含水量最高的土层是0～20 cm,最低的土层是60～80 cm。这种规律性变化与棉花生长特点、根系的发育特点以及吸收特点有关。534I、Z181、新海21是节水型品种,能够较充分地利用有限的灌溉水,在干旱半干旱地区具有强大的优势。     

Distribution and migration of Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea

Data on squid catches of Korean and Japan, water temperatures at depth of 100 m, and night-visible images of fishing boats collected in the East (Japan) Sea from 1970 to 1999 were analyzed to examine the distribution and migration of the Japanese common squid, Todarodes pacificus, in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The main fishing grounds detected from squid catch in each grid (0.5° latitude × 0.5° longitude) by Korean squid fishery and night-visible images provided by the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) were situated in the southwestern part of the East (Japan) Sea. The distribution and migration route was illustrated from squid catch in each grid and DMSP OLS image. In years of high catches, the fishing grounds were situated mainly between Ulleung Island and the eastern coastal waters of Korea, while in years of low catches they were situated between Ulleung Island and the Yamato Bank in the central East (Japan) Sea. The center of fishing activity began moving northward from around the Korea/Tsushima strait to the northern boundary of the Tsushima Warm Current in March, reaching into the Yamato Bank in September, and then returning to the strait by February. The northward and southward migration routes differed; the northward migration route occurred closer to the mainland coast of Korea than the southward migration route did. This work suggests T. pacificus begin their northward migration almost 2 months earlier than previously suggested.     

黄河流域棉花品种产量及其组分的长期预测及技术研究

黄河流域棉花品种区域试验参试品种的皮棉产量、单株铃数、单铃重及衣分等资料为原始数据，应用谐波分析技术建立模型进行了拟合及预测研究。经拟合及精度检验，拟合指数均在0．90以上，历史符合率达100％，模型为一级精度。可预测第20轮区试参试品种的皮棉产量为1209kg·hm     

Population Studies of Limonium stocksii (Plumbaginacea) from a Salt Desert Near the Arabian Sea Coast

Abstract

A population of Limonium stocksii was studied for one year at the upper end of Manora Creek along the Arabian Sea coast, near Karachi, Pakistan. The community was divided into three zones. Soil pH varied from 8.1 to 8.5. Soil conductivity was highest (191 dS m^?1) in September and lowest (55 dS m^?1) in June. Soil water content was relatively low and varied from 1.6% in February to 9.5% in June. Limonium stocksii maintained a persistent seed bank, which peaked at 5,887 seeds m^?2 in May. Very slow growth was observed; however, plants in the intermediate zone showed better growth than the other two zones. Stem and leaf tissue water content were affected by salinity fluctuations, but root tissue water remained unaffected. Sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl^?) accumulated in stems and leaves more than other ions. Leaves also accumulated a very high amount of magnesium (Mg⁺⁺) compared to roots and stems.     

近43年黄河上游来水来沙变化特点

选取黄河头道拐站实测水沙序列(1960-2002年)资料,对水沙序列进行了多时间尺度和趋势识别的小波分析。结果表明:①黄河上游来水来沙量汛期所占比例减少,而非汛期所占比例增加;在年际变化上,水沙量逐年减少;同时,水沙相关关系具有一定的变化;②黄河上游水沙序列具有相同的多时间尺度(准周期)变化,但同一尺度下,水沙所处的丰枯变化并不一致;③年水沙序列趋势变化基本一致,20世纪80年代以来,两者存在明显减少趋势;但在非汛期,两者的趋势变化有较大区别。     

苏丹草小斑病病原鉴定

通过对苏丹草新病害苏丹草小斑病病原与玉米小斑病菌和苏丹草大斑病菌的比较研究，鉴定出苏丹草小斑病病原与玉米小斑病病菌是同一个种，不玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢〔Ｂｉｐｏｌａｒｉｓ ｍａｙｄｉｓ（Ｎｉｓｈｉｋａｄｏ＆Ｍｉｙａｂｅ）Ｓｈｏｅｍａｌｃｅｒ＝Ｈｅｌｍｉｎｔｈｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ ｍａｙｄｉｓ Ｎｉｓｈｉｋａｄｏ＆Ｍｉｙａｂｅ＝Ｃｏｃｈｌｉｏｂｏｌｕｓ ｈｅｔｅｒｏｓｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ（Ｄｒｅｃｈｓ．）Ｄｒｅｃｈｓｌｅｒ（有性世代）〕，苏丹草是一种新寄主。     

中小果型无籽西瓜新品种博帅的选育

博帅系湖南博达隆科技发展有限公司以9048为母本、M-2为父本杂交育成的中小果型黄瓤无籽西瓜新品种。该品种全生育期90d左右,雌花开放至果实成熟约需27d。植株生长势中强,抗病抗逆性强。果实短椭圆形,果形指数1.2。果皮浅绿底覆绿色齿条带,厚度0.9cm,硬韧,耐贮运。瓤色鲜黄,质脆爽口,纤维少,无籽性能好;中心可溶性固形物12%～13%,边部9%～9.5%。单果质量4kg左右,667m2产量2700kg左右。适应性广,全国各地均可栽培。2009年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号:湘审西瓜2009002。