用荷斯坦奶牛性控精液生产体内性控胚胎

采用荷斯坦奶牛X性控冻精和超数排卵技术结合生产奶牛性控胚胎,以建立高效、低成本的体内性控胚胎生产方法。研究发现,使用CIDR和Cue-Mate进行奶牛同期发情处理,发情率分别为90.9%和100%(P<0.05),且Cue-Mate的发情时间更加集中;加拿大的FOLLTROPIN-V和中国科学院动物研究所的FSH对奶牛超排效果影响不显著,分别为头均胚胎数10.08枚±8.08枚、头均可用胚胎数2.38枚±3.07枚和头均胚胎数6.57枚±4.31枚、头均可用胚胎数2.00枚±1.88枚,无显著差异(P>0.05);奶牛发情后12h～14h和16h～19h人工授精,分别获得头均胚胎数10.25枚±5.53枚、头均可用胚胎数5.33枚±4.52枚和头均胚胎数10.13枚±6.93枚、头均可用胚胎数5.88枚±6.26枚,无显著差异(P>0.05)。但是未受精胚胎数差异显著(27对7,P<0.05)。     

笼养孟加拉虎雌雄白昼行为的差异

2005年12月～2006年8月,采用瞬时扫描取样法和全事件取样法,对云南野生动物园内5只孟加拉虎行为进行了初步观察。结果表明,在观察期内,笼养孟加拉虎白昼行为时间分配上两性存在一定差异,即雌性的睡眠和卧息多于雄性的睡眠和卧息;雌性的走动和其它行为少于雄性的走动和其它行为。在活动节律上,两性有极大的相似性,只是雌虎在下午的卧息高峰值比雄虎晚约1h。     

奶牛性别控制技术概述

性别控制是通过对动物的正常生殖过程进行人为干预,使母畜按照人们的愿望所需性别后代的繁殖技术。通过控制奶牛性别不仅可以增强奶牛选择强度,提高繁殖力,加快遗传育种进程,还能促进奶牛向质量型发展,对奶牛业发展具有十分重要的意义。     

Oil yield and quality variation between sexes in Osyris lanceolata (African sandalwood) and its value as a fodder plant in Tanzania

African sandalwood (Osyris lanceolata) is widely harvested in East Africa for extraction of oil, which is used in the fragrance and perfumery industry. Over the years, harvesting of the species has been concentrated to female plants because it is claimed that they yield more and better quality oil compared to males. However, data to support these claims is lacking. Osyris lanceolata is also used extensively by pastoralists as feed supplement during the dry season, yet little information on the species’ nutritive value exists. Oil yield and quality variations between male and female O. lanceolata and its nutritive values were evaluated to ascertain the purported reasons for sex selectivity in harvesting, and to determine the potential value of the species as a fodder plant. Oil yield was determined by extracting oil from a known amount of wood, while quality assessment was done by determining the amount of santalol, a prime determinant of sandalwood oil quality. The species’ potential as a fodder plant was determined by analyzing the nutritive value and digestibility of leaves and fruits. There was no significant variation (p = 0.856) in oil yield between sexes, though populations differed significantly (P < 0.001). The highest oil yield was 9.32 ± 0.611%. Likewise, sexes did not differ significantly (P = 0.655) in oil quality, though populations differed significantly (P < 0.001). The highest santalol content was 11.1%. It is concluded that sex selectivity during harvesting has no relation to oil yield and quality. However, population selectivity is strongly justified due to the huge variation in oil yield and quality, and is likely to be the major reason for over-exploiting some populations. It is recommended that there is a need to refrain from overharvesting of females within populations, since the practice is likely to erode the genetic vigour of the species and affect its sustainability. Nutritive studies revealed the species to have 15.9–19.7% crude protein, 15.9–24.0% crude fibre, 0.77–0.81% fat/oil, 97.5–97.8% dry matter, 8.5–10.3% ash content, 72.2–72.4% digestibility. These figures are within the acceptable range, suggesting that both leaves and fruits of the species are a potential alternative source of animal protein where protein supplements are not available or expensive.     

Regulation of Innate Immune Function in Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cells in Culture: The Homeostatic Role of Epithelial Cells in Balancing Th1/Th2 Response

This study aimed to investigate the role of epithelial cells in regulating innate immunity in bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOEC) culture. We studied the effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its interaction with ovarian steroids, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), and luteinizing hormone (LH) at concentrations observed during the preovulatory period on immune responses in BOEC culture. Immunohistochemistry of oviduct tissue showed intensive expression of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and TLR-2 in epithelial cells. A dose of 10 ng/ml LPS stimulated TLR-4, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor A (NFKBIA), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression, indicating an early pro-inflammatory response. A dose of 100 ng/ml LPS did not induce expression of these genes but stimulated TLR-2, IL-10,IL-4 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) expression and PGE2 secretion, indicating an anti-inflammatory response. Ovarian steroids and LH completely block LPS (10 ng/ml)-induced TLR-4, IL-1β and TNF-α expression as well as LPS (100 ng/ml)-induced TLR-2 expression. Taken together, this study suggests the existence of an early signaling system to respond to infection in the BOEC. In addition, ovarian steroids and LH may play a critical role in inducing homeostasis and in controlling hyperactive pro-inflammatory responses detrimental to epithelial cells, sperm and the embryo.     

甜菜夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾性诱芯田间合用的干扰作用

研究了“并列使用”和“复合使用”方式下甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)与斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)性诱芯在田间合用时的干扰作用.结果表明,甜菜夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾性诱芯联合使用对各自诱捕效果均有明显的干扰作用,相对甜菜夜蛾,斜纹夜蛾受干扰程度较小.甜菜夜蛾单控点处理9月上、中、下旬平均诱蛾量较并列双控点处理分别增加了62.66倍、155.33倍、84.47倍;斜纹夜蛾单控点处理则分别增加了22.40倍、4.05倍、0.36倍,差异极显著;相对复合双控点处理,两单控点的增幅均相对较大.同一监测点上安装两种诱芯,在同一诱捕器中的干扰作用强于分装在不同诱捕器中.     

益肾活血汤联合缬沙坦治疗2型糖尿病合并男性性功能障碍的临床研究

目的 探讨益肾活血汤联合缬沙坦治疗2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM）合并男性性功能障碍患者的临床疗效及安全性。方法 将T2DM合并男性性功能障碍患者146例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组73例。对照组患者予缬沙坦胶囊口服,观察组患者加服益肾活血汤,4周为1个疗程,连续治疗3个疗程。观察治疗前后两组患者国际勃起功能障碍指数（International index of erectile dysfunction-5,IIEF-5）、阴茎勃起时间、阴茎头、根部平均硬度及血清性激素[促卵泡生成素（Follicle stimulating hormone,FSH）、黄体生成素（Luteinizing hormone,LH）、雌二醇（estradiol,E₂）和睾酮（testosterone,T）]水平变化;评估两组患者治疗后性生活满意度和不良反应发生率;比较两组患者治疗后临床总有效率。结果 观察组患者临床总有效率84.93%明显高于对照组的50.68%（P<0.05）;两组患者治疗后IIEF-5、阴茎勃起时间、阴茎头、根部平均硬度及血清T水平均较治疗前明显升高（P<0.05）,血清FSH、LH及E₂水平均显著下降（P<0.05）,且观察组各项指标的改善明显优于对照组（P<0.05）;观察组患者性生活总满意度91.78%明显高于对照组的68.49%（P<0.05）;两组患者在治疗期间均未出现明显不良反应。结论 益肾活血汤联合缬沙坦治疗T2DM合并男性性功能障碍临床疗效确切,能有效改善患者的阴茎状态和血清性激素水平,改善患者的性生活,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。     

番木瓜实生苗两性株的鉴定及其组培繁殖体系的建立

本研究以多重PCR技术鉴定的番木瓜实生苗两性株茎尖作为外植体,建立和优化了一套组培苗繁殖体系,解决了成龄侧芽来源的无根苗催根难和移栽成活率低的问题。以‘蔬罗’‘蜜红’番木瓜品种的实生苗,通过多重PCR鉴定出两性株,将其茎尖培养于MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖 30 g/L+琼脂 6 g/L（pH 5.8）上,在28 ℃、2000 lx条件培养30 d后,继代于MS+BA 0.5 mg/L+KT 0.25 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂6 g/L（pH 5.8）上,在28 ℃、2000 lx条件下培养30 d形成较为强壮的无根苗,接种于1/2MS+IBA 0.75 mg/L+NAA 0.05 mg/L+KT 0.01 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+琼脂 6g/L（pH 5.8）上进行催根,在28 ℃、1500 lx条件下培养20 d后,用不同浓度营养生根水和不同处理时间对‘蔬罗’‘蜜红’无根苗进行移栽试验,以确定最佳催根率和移栽成活率的浓度和时间。研究结果表明：多重PCR技术鉴定性别的准确率达98%以上,‘蔬罗’在50 mg/L营养生根水和8 h处理条件下获得催根率为81.1%、移栽成活率为91.1%。而‘蜜红’品种则催根率为60%、移栽成活率为86.7%。因此利用这一技术获得的结果相比成龄侧芽优势明显,可用于番木瓜种苗的商业化生产。     

尺蛾科昆虫性信息素组分特征及应用进展

国内外对于鳞翅目昆虫性信息素的研究最为详细。本文阐述鳞翅目昆虫性信息素活性组分的最新分类进展,根据其化学结构可分为TypeⅠ、TypeⅡ、TypeⅢ、Type 0 4类。其中:Type I为分子结构具有末端功能团的C10-C18醇、醛、醋酸酯类化合物,分布于多个鳞翅目总科中; TypeⅡ为C17-C23的不饱和碳氢化合物以及相对应的环氧衍生物,广泛分布于尺蛾总科中; TypeⅢ为携带1个或多个甲基分支的C17-C23化合物,仅出现在少数的鳞翅目昆虫中;而Type 0为与植物挥发物结构类似的短链仲醇或酮类化合物,分布于进化上较为原始的昆虫中。尺蛾总科作为鳞翅目昆虫的第三大科,目前共计93属158种尺蛾的性信息素组分得到鉴定,其性信息素组分中除了姬尺蛾亚科以TypeⅠ为主以外,灰尺蛾亚科、尺蛾亚科、沙尺蛾亚科、花尺蛾亚科、星尺蛾亚科均是以TypeⅡ为主。尺蛾科昆虫性信息素组分碳链较长,结构复杂,多数为不饱和烃类化合物(TypeⅡ型),严重影响了全球尺蛾类性信息素组分的化学鉴定及野外应用,通过分析对已鉴定的尺蛾性信息素组分及结构特征,明确其性信息素组分化合物的双键位置、环氧结构和手性构象,以及在各亚科、属、种之间的分布特征,并探讨我国重要尺蛾(茶尺蠖、国槐尺蠖、银花尺蠖、油桐尺蠖、春尺蠖等)的性信息素研究情况,可为今后鉴定未知尺蛾性信息素活性组分,以及利用昆虫性信息素对尺蛾类害虫进行有效的绿色防控等提供参考。