Cross‐border ‘Traffic’: Stories of dangerous victims,pure whores and HIV/AIDS in the experiences of mainland female sex workers in Hong Kong

Abstract: In recent years, dramatically increasing numbers of mainland Chinese women have entered Hong Kong to engage in sexual labour. Public discourses on the threat of HIV/AIDS increasingly locate these women's bodies as sites of danger, colluding with pre‐existing imaginations of mainland rural women as ignorant, desperate and deceptive in representing these women's penetration of Hong Kong's border as a primary means of infection of the Hong Kong body. Drawing on state, media and popular representations, and the narratives of female sex workers themselves, this paper examines the interwoven bio‐medical, gendered, sexual and cross‐border relationships that intersect in the experiences of mainland Chinese sex workers in Hong Kong. I argue that while images of disease and danger have been used to regulate these women's bodies, mainland female sex workers challenge these images by drawing on other popular stereotypes of mainland women as pure, feminine and traditional. Although images of the related but still ‘other’ figure of the mainland Chinese woman are powerful mechanisms for the regulation of these women's bodies, mainland female sex workers skilfully use inherent tensions in those images in resisting that control and in struggling to achieve their own personal and economic goals.     

RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the sex expression locus M in asparagus

Bulk segregant analysis (BSA), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) methods were used to map molecular markers to the sex locus M of asparagus. Two parents, A19 (male, Mm) and MW25 (female, mm), and 63 progeny were used for the study. Two DNA bulks, one male and one female, were made by pooling equal amounts of DNA from 10 randomly selected progeny of each sex type. A total of 760 arbitrary decamer oligonucleotide primers were used for RAPD analysis. Primer OPC15 produced two RAPD markers, OPC15-98 and OPC15-30, both of which were linked to the M locus at a distance of 1.6 cM. Subsequently, amplified RAPD fragment OPC15-98 was cloned and sequenced. The sequence was then used to design flanking 24-mer oligonucleotide SCAR primers SCC15-1 and SCC15-2. Both of these SCAR primers amplified a single 980 bp fragment; the same size as the cloned RAPD fragment. However, the SCAR marker was dominant as was the original OPC15-98 band from which it was derived. These RAPD and SCAR markers could be used for scoring male and female progeny in the mapping population, but were not found to be applicable to other asparagus germplasm studied. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Are there heteromorphic sex chromosomes in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)?

Summary Four varieties and two introductions of Spinacia oleracea are cytologically studied in order to determine whether there is a heteromorphic sex chromosome pair in any of the sexes. It is observed that in one and the same preparation, and regardless of the sex of the plants, different cells had homomorphic and heteromorphic condition for chromosome 1 pair. It is concluded that as a result of differential contraction of chromosomes, the arm ratios and total lengths may vary, and give a distorted impression of certain pair of chromosomes. The absence of heteromorphic pair is confirmed in male and intersex plants by meiotic studies.     

Sex-linked SSR markers in hemp

Hemp is a dioecious plant with sex chromosomes X and Y, the male sex being heterogametic. The quality of the fibre depends on the sex type. The sex chromosomes can be characterized by molecular markers. In this report, sex‐linked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are described. One SSR marker was polymorphic in both the populations derived from single crosses, two other markers in but one of the two populations. Three alleles were detected for two SSR markers indicating polymorphism not only between X and Y, but also between different X chromosomes. In addition, several sex‐linked RAPD markers were detected in one population. Recombination within the sex chromosomes was observed for nearly all markers.     

笼底材料、密度和性别组群对肉鸡胸囊肿发生及胸肌成分的影响

该研究采用了三因素三水平的正交试验设计，就笼底材料、饲养密度、性别组群等三因素对3～6周龄笼养AA肉仔鸡发生胸囊肿及对其胸肌成分的影响进行了研究。结果表明：铁丝笼底、高饲养密度(17.25只/m²)、公鸡组的发病率最高，平均达34.09%，并显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。铁丝笼底显著高于塑料和竹竿笼底(P<0.05)，高密度(17.25只/m²)显著高于低密度(10.98只/m²)(P<0.05)，笼底材料是导致胸囊肿发病的主要环境因素，而性别组群对其无显著影响(P>0.05)。不同笼底下胸肌水分和蛋白质含量以竹竿笼底的含量最高，铁丝笼底下的胸肌蛋白含量最低(P<0.05)。胸肌脂肪则不受笼底、密度和性别组群的影响。因此，该试验表明，竹竿笼底和塑料笼底材料可降低笼养肉仔鸡胸囊肿的发病率，有利于提高其胸肌品质。     

黄瓜性别决定的细胞学研究

对黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）雄、雌花的细胞学特征进行了研究。黄瓜雄、雌花的发育从花芽原甚至雌蕊原基出现，无明显差异,在雌花中雌蕊原基出现后雌花进一步发育，花芽的中心凹陷发育为下位子房，雄蕊的花药原基中并未分化出小孢子母细胞。开花时，花药体积较小，并由一群形态结构基本一致的小型细胞组成。在雄花中，雌蕊原基出现后，花芽的中心未发生凹陷，在以后的发育过程中，尽管体积有所增大，但至开花时仍未产生柱头、花柱和子房。电镜观察结果显示，早期滞育雄芯细胞的质体具简单的片层结构，不含淀粉粒，线粒体的嵴不明显。开花时，质体内有较大的淀粉粒，线粒体分化出较明显的嵴，高尔基体周围小泡丰富。同样，开花时滞育雌蕊的细胞内质体大量积累淀粉,线粒体的数量较多，有高度分化的峭，高尔基体产生大量小泡。观察结果表明，尽管滞育雄蕊和滞育雌蕊正常的发育途径受阻，但其细胞和某些细胞器仍在发育成熟。     

中年C57BL/6小鼠焦虑行为改变

利用高架十字迷宫﹑旷场和黑白巷3个任务检测中年C57BL/6小鼠焦虑行为,探索是否有年龄及性别的影响以及3个任务是否具有一致性.结果表明,在高架十字迷宫中15月龄雌鼠进入开放臂的次数显著多于同龄雄鼠和7月龄雌鼠.15月龄鼠在黑白巷任务中的潜伏期和黑端停留的时间明显长于7月龄鼠,主要归因于雄鼠,而15月龄鼠从黑色端至白色端次数少于7月龄鼠,雌雄鼠均有改变.在旷场中,15月龄鼠的潜伏期和周边所花的时间要显著长于7月龄鼠,以雌鼠改变为主.这些结果提示中年C57BL/6小鼠即有焦虑性改变,但改变的方向并不一致,依任务和性别而定.     

不同性诱剂对甜菜夜蛾雄蛾诱捕效果的研究

通过大田试验,对3种甜菜夜蛾性诱剂的诱捕效率、持效期等性能进行了测定,并分析比较了它们在不同时间段的性能差异。结果表明,三者之间存在着明显差异,在1~31 d内,诱芯A与诱芯B的平均诱捕量相近,极显著高于诱芯C的平均诱捕量,三者的持效期差异亦然;而诱芯B与诱芯C的最高诱捕量相仿,均明显低于诱芯A。但在1~10 d内,诱芯A和诱芯C的平均诱捕量相近,均极显著高于诱芯B。     

家禽性别控制的研究进展

家禽性别控制在畜牧生产中具有重要意义。综述了禽类的性别决定和性别分化的理论基础，并介绍了利用外源激素、免疫学方法、性控液处理，以及使用增强其机体氧化过程的溶液等方法，对家禽进行性别控制，以提高其雌性比例。     

黄鳝性转变与体重、年龄的关系

研究了黄鳝（Monopterus albus Zuiew）性转变与体重、年龄的关系。结果表明,黄鳝性别与体重关系密切,体重在50．0g以下的黄鳝,均为雌性个体;体重在50．1～75．0g的黄鳝,开始出现性转变;体重在100．1～125．0g,雄性比例开始超过雌性的比例;体重在125．1～300．0g之间,随着体重的增加,雄性比例逐步增加,而雌性的比例逐步减少;体重超过300．0g的个体,则全部为雄性个体。1龄、2龄黄鳝均为雌性个体,3龄黄鳝开始出现性转变,4龄黄鳝的雄性比例超过雌性比例;5～8龄的个体,随着年龄的增长,雌性比例逐渐减少,雄性比例逐渐增加;9～11龄的个体,仍然有雌性个体。