温度对半滑舌鳎家系生长及性别的影响

以建立半滑舌鳎家系为研究材料,在受精后46 d,将家系在17.5、19.5、21.5、23.5、25.5和27.5℃6个温度梯度下培育65 d;分别在受精后64、80、103、118、129、198 d测量各温度梯度下半滑舌鳎鱼苗体长和体重,利用方差分析、Student-Newman-Keuls多重比较,分析半滑舌鳎家系鱼苗的生长规律及培育温度与体长和体重的相关性。结果显示,在以上温度范围内鱼苗的生长速度随温度的升高而加快,在198 d以后,25.5℃下鱼苗生长最快(P<0.05),21.5～23.5℃次之(P<0.05),27.5℃生长下降(P<0.05),17.5～19.5℃生长最慢(P<0.05)。在17.5～27.5℃,温度与半滑舌鳎家系生长体长、体重的Pearson系数分别为0.553和0.809,都达到极显著正相关(P<0.01)。体长、体重与温度关系式分别为L=2.460 7t0.9979(R2=0.362 8)和W=9.0×10-5t2.976(R2=0.789 5)。在198 d解剖统计各温度梯度下雌雄比例,同时固定30尾鱼苗性腺,利用光学切片法辨别并统计雌雄性别比例,对获得的性别比例进行方...     

小地老虎雄蛾对性信息素的行为反应

为深入了解小地老虎性信息素通讯系统,利用风洞技术测定了小地老虎雄蛾对性信息素各组分及其不同组合的行为反应.结果表明,5种单一组分Z7-12:Ac(A)、Z9-14:Ac(B)、Z11-16:Ac(C)、Z5-10:Ac(D)、Z8-12:Ac(E)只能引起雄蛾兴奋,均不能引起雄蛾向性信息素源定向飞行;当性信息素释放源为二元混合物AB时,能引起15.71%的雄蛾完成从兴奋到搜索释放源,并表现出预交尾的完整行为反应;在同等使用剂量下,三元混合物ABC的引诱效果最好,有40.58%的雄蛾能搜索释放源,26.15%的雄蛾表现预交尾行为.三元混合物ABC在最佳比例(3:1:1)下,制成不同剂量的诱芯进行风洞试验,结果发现剂量为100μg时雄蛾反应最强烈,有29.87%的雄蛾表现预交尾行为,50μg次之,二者间差异不显著(P≥0.05).     

橄榄蛏蚌性腺发育与生长

2008年8月—2009年10月,每月采集一批橄榄蛏蚌,分别进行可量性状的测定和年龄鉴定,并研究了其肥满度周年变化规律。为了揭示其繁殖特性,取繁殖季节性腺制作石蜡切片,经苏木精和伊红染色后在显微镜下观察其形态结构,并测量性腺细胞的直径。结果表明,橄榄蛏蚌的肥满度在每年的5月出现最高峰,且一年只有一个高峰,因而橄榄蛏蚌繁殖为一年产卵一次、繁殖一次。橄榄蛏蚌性腺细胞直径为49.3～70.2μm。随着水温的升高,橄榄蛏蚌的摄食活性增强。统计学数据分析表明,橄榄蛏蚌体质量与壳长、壳宽和壳高均呈指数关系,而后三者之间呈线性关系。对体质量影响最大的指标是壳高,最小的指标为壳长。     

Using otolith increment widths to infer spatial,temporal and gender variation in the growth of sand whiting Sillago ciliata

Abstract Two methods of otolith increment analysis were used to describe spatial, temporal and gender variation in growth of sand whiting, Sillago ciliata (Cuvier), in four south‐east Australian estuaries. Mean annual standardised otolith increment widths were used as indices of individual lifetime growth rates, while raw otolith increment widths were used to describe variation in growth throughout the life of S. ciliata. Temporal variation in growth was observed at an annual scale, while spatial variation in growth was observed between estuaries. Growth rates increased significantly with decreasing latitude and greater mean sea surface temperatures. A divergence in growth rates between sexes was detected, with females growing faster than males after sexual maturity. This study highlights how otolith increment analyses can: (1) be used to analyse temporal trends in growth from a single sample and (2) provide insight into juvenile growth when samples have an absence of undersized fish.     

养殖银鲳性腺发育规律和性类固醇激素变化

为掌握养殖银鲳的性腺发育规律及其与性类固醇激素水平的关系,本研究采用组织切片技术和酶联免疫吸附法(Elisa),观察养殖条件下银鲳的精巢与卵巢发育特征和血清中性类固醇激素的周年变化,并分析性腺成熟指数(GSI)、肝重指数(HSI)和肥满度(CF)与性腺发育的关系。结果显示,养殖银鲳雌鱼1龄即可发育成熟,成熟卵巢呈一对""形的囊状结构。11月份有近一半个体发育至III期,33.3%已发育至IV期,12月—翌年1月越冬期间约2/3退化至II期,3月又迅速发育至IV期,4月份达到V期并产卵,5月份产卵结束卵巢进入恢复期IV期。银鲳精巢属小叶型,III期精巢出现小叶腔,IV期精巢出现精子,精巢发育速率快于卵巢,即"雄性早熟",7月龄约20%个体可达到性成熟,越冬时退化至III期,3月重新发育,精子分批成熟排精。雌鱼GSI值为0.19%~12.89%,HSI为0.97%~2.30%,CF为2.30~3.08 g/cm~3,雄鱼的GSI为0.08%~2.62%,HSI值为0.73%~1.83%,CF为2.11~2.80 g/cm~3,GSI值在V期时达到最大,HSI和CF值则于IV期达到峰值。雌鱼血清中雌二醇(E2)周年表达水平为23.27~59.13 pg/m L,雄鱼为15.90~36.20 pg/m L,雌鱼的睾酮(T)为14.57~68.67 nmol/L,雄鱼的T为18.62~66.49 nmol/L,E2水平与HSI值呈现显著正相关关系,T表达水平与GSI值呈现显著正相关关系。研究表明,银鲳血清中性类固醇激素含量与精巢和卵巢的发育密切相关,可作为了解养殖银鲳性腺发育的重要指标。     

The effects of temperature on sex differentiation and growth of black sea bass (Centropristis striata L.)

To examine the effects of temperature on sex differentiation in the black sea bass ( Centropristis striata L.), a protogynous hermaphrodite, juveniles (∼0.5 g) were cultured in recirculating systems at 17, 21 or 25 °C. Growth was assessed at 155, 182, 241 and 275 days post hatch and sex differentiation was determined histologically. No differences were found in the sex ratios of fish reared at different temperatures, but only 55–64% developed as females. Growth was significantly greater in males across all temperature treatments. These results suggest that black sea bass exhibit sexually dimorphic growth patterns and that female-specific sex determination can be disrupted in culture.     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

第八师奶牛养殖产业现状及政策建议

八师奶牛养殖优势突出,已形成以奶牛养殖为基础、乳制品加工为支撑的“养-加-销”于一体的产业链条,掌握师市规模化奶牛场的生产、管理和发展现状。通过加强政策支持和技术服务支撑,提高繁育水平,降低饲养成本。助力师市奶牛养殖扩繁增量突破10万头的目标。     

Morphological sex change upon treatment by endocrine modulators in meiogynogenetic tench (Tinca tinca L.)

Exogenous steroids alter sex differentiation in fish substantially. In the present study we have evaluated the effects of 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and oestrogen receptor antagonist Tamoxifen (TA) on gonadal development and skewness of the sex ratio in all-female tench juveniles. In the first two experiments, sexually undifferentiated juveniles were orally treated with three doses of MT and TA (50, 100 and 150 mg kg⁻¹). Both the treatments resulted in a moderate dose-dependent masculinization, with neomale production ranging from 17% (50 mg kg⁻¹) to 26% (150 mg kg⁻¹) for the MT only treatment, and from 0% (50 mg kg⁻¹) to 27% (100 mg kg⁻¹) only for the TA treatment respectively. In the third experiment treatment of sexually differentiated tench females with single steroid treatments or combinations of the two resulted in populations composed of females and intersex individuals. The significantly highest occurrence of intersex individuals (45.5%) was found in the group subjected to combine treatment of MT+TA (150+200 mg kg⁻¹). No masculinization effect of the single or the combined treatment occurred. It can be concluded that oral treatment with MT or TA only slightly modifies the normal process of sex differentiation in gynogenetic tench juvenile, but treatment with the above-mentioned combinations has a highly significant potential to skew the sex ratio in sexually differentiated tench females. However, from an applied point of view, the treatment procedure will need optimization before use at a commercial level.     

A genetic tool for evaluating male‐mediated stock introgression in Atlantic salmon

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