Ridge to reef modelling for use within land–sea planning under data‐limited conditions

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Bacterial community composition of sediments from a milkfish Chanos chanos Forsskål farm

Bacterial communities in sediments underneath milkfish cages and adjacent off‐cage areas in Bolinao, Lingayen Gulf, West Philippine Sea were characterized using PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to assess influence of the fish farming to the sediments. The sediments in the fish cage (FC) area showed anoxic conditions [redox potential of ?165 to ?213 mV and acid‐volatile sulphide‐sulphur (AVS‐S) of 0.55–1.88 mg g^?1 (dry weight)] compared to the relatively oxic off‐cage area [redox potential of 72–81 mV and AVS‐S of 0.09–0.14 mg g^?1 (dry weight)]. The composition of the microbial populations revealed influence of the fish feed sedimentation with higher dominance of putative sulphate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) in the FC area. Compositions of the bacterial taxa showed dominance of the Bacteroidetes group and Deltaproteobacteria. The results suggest that the fish feeds created a new suitable environment, in which reductive microorganisms such as SRB, ferric‐ion‐reducing bacteria and nitrate‐reducing bacteria can thrive. Organic load from the feed and quantity of its leftover constituents may be the key factors that influence the structure of the bacterial community in the sediments of the milkfish farms.     

平流二沉池中计及温差影响的异重流数值模拟

【目的】在同时考虑进水与池内水的污泥质量浓度差异和温度差异的条件下,对平流式二沉池内的异重流现象进行数值模拟,重点研究异重流对池内流场及污泥沉降规律的影响,为优化沉淀池结构设计及提高沉淀池工作效率提供理论支持。【方法】选取Mixture模型和RNGκ-ε2方程紊流模型,设初始时刻二沉池内水为清水,进水为含一定质量浓度污泥的污水,并通过设置池内水与进水的不同温差模拟夏季与冬季环境,利用模拟数据分析不同时刻各工况下异重流的演变规律。【结果】池内水与进水的单纯污泥质量浓度差异会产生下异重流,小温差低温水与夏季大温差低温水进入均会导致下异重流产生,温差增大,下异重流作用更为明显;高温水进入会同时产生上异重流与下异重流,冬季温差高温水进入时上异重流起主导作用,异重流产生的旋流作用明显,对沉淀池工作效率的影响很大。【结论】温差异重流与污泥质量浓度差异重流本质均为密度差异,低温水进入增强下异重流,高温水进入削弱下异重流,温度影响会消失,污泥质量浓度差异重流作用时间更长。     

黄河沙坡头连续弯道环流运动与冲淤特性实测数据分析

利用声学多普勒流速剖面仪、回声测深仪等测量仪器,对黄河沙坡头段连续弯道中10个典型断面的流速、水深、河床高程等进行了实测.通过分析各断面流速等值线、平面流场和近几年河床高程的变化情况.结果表明,弯道断面流场的主流分布与河床底部泥沙冲淤分布基本相一致,满足弯道水流的一般规律:凹岸冲刷,凸岸淤积.     

Studie über die Möglichkeiten der Identifizierung von stau- and grundwasserbeeinflußten Böden durch die Anwendung von falschfarbigen Luftbildern und photographischen Äquidensiten

Two well drained pedons from deeply weathered level terrace of Madhupur Tract were studied. Silt and clay fractions were determined by pipette sampling method and sand fractions by dry sieving. The sand fraction distribution was bimodal. The pedons consisted of three weakly stratified segments. A large amount (78–95 %) of materials of these segments belonged to the suspension population during transportation. The saltation population contained 5–20 % of the sediment, whereas the traction population only 0–0.1 %. The increase of coarser material content against depth in these pedons indicate that the energy level of the transporting medium raised more and more as the phases of deposition proceeded.     

Comparison of predictions of baking volume using large deformation rheological properties

Three large deformation rheological tests, the Kieffer dough extensibility system, the D/R dough inflation system and the 2 g mixograph test, were carried out on doughs made from a large number of winter wheat lines and cultivars grown in Poland. These lines and cultivars represented a broad spread in baking performance in order to assess their suitability as predictors of baking volume. The parameters most closely associated with baking volume were strain hardening index, bubble failure strain, and mixograph bandwidth at 10 min. Simple correlations with baking volume indicate that bubble failure strain and strain hardening index give the highest correlations, whilst the use of best subsets regression, which selects the best combination of parameters, gave increased correlations with R²=0.865 for dough inflation parameters, R²=0.842 for Kieffer parameters and R²=0.760 for mixograph parameters.     

枸杞岛海藻场两种大型海藻碎屑分解和沉降特征

岛礁水域海藻场是近岸海域典型的生态系统,大型海藻分解产生的碎屑是海藻场生态功能的重要基础。为探究大型海藻碎屑对海藻场生态功能潜在规模的贡献,本研究以枸杞岛海藻场孔石莼和舌状蜈蚣藻为对象,通过现场挂袋实验和室内静水沉降测试,分析了两种海藻碎屑的组分、粒径和沉降特征。结果显示,分解过程中舌状蜈蚣藻和孔石莼的碎屑密度均逐渐减小,且各自在不同分解时期无显著差异。舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑中有机C含量和有机N含量对密度变化影响不显著,孔石莼碎屑中有机C含量对密度没有显著影响,而有机N含量对密度有显著影响。孔石莼碎屑的δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N对其密度有显著影响,舌状蜈蚣藻碎屑的密度只受δ¹³C影响。两种海藻碎屑的密度都受木质素含量的显著影响,受纤维素含量的影响不显著。粒径是两种海藻碎屑沉降速度的决定性要素之一,研究表明,舌状蜈蚣藻大型碎屑(粒径>0.830 mm)、中型碎屑(0.380～0.830 mm)和小型碎屑(0.180～0.380mm)的沉降速度分别为0.016～0.023、0.008～0.015和0.004～0.005 m/s,孔石莼...     

小麦高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基与品质性状的关系

对2002年国家黄淮南片区试参试小麦品系的蛋白质、湿面筋、沉降值和稳定时间等品质性状进行了测定,并运用SDS-PAGE分析了参试品系的高分子量(HMW)麦谷蛋白亚基组成及其与品质性状的关系。结果表明,在26个参试品系中,仅内乡188、郑农16达到强筋小麦标准;5+10亚基频率有所提高(53.8%),但具5+10亚基的品种间品质具有高度不稳定性,在品质改良中仅靠转育5+10亚基是不够的,要注重亚基组合的选育,其中以1,7+8,5+10和1,7+9,5+10亚基组合对品质的贡献最大,以14+15,5+10亚基组合对品质的贡献最小。     

春小麦籽粒灌浆期沉淀值动态的定量研究

以3个不同品质类型春小麦品种为材料,在设定不 同肥力和气象条件等环境因子基础上,通过建立灌浆期籽粒沉淀值动态曲线拟合方程,定量揭示籽粒沉淀值的动态与规律。结果表明,灌浆期籽粒沉淀值随时间的变化符合一元三次多项式凸性曲线,即自开花始先增后降的单峰曲线。灌浆期籽粒沉淀值的动态,不同基因型具有不同特点。高蛋白强筋、高蛋白中筋和低蛋白弱筋品种曲线峰值分别出现在开花后28 d、23 d和30 d前后。各品种沉淀值积累速度的动态特点是成熟时沉淀值高蛋白强筋品种最高,高蛋白中筋品种次之,低蛋白弱筋品种最低的主要原因。     

Inorganic sediment budget in the mangrove-fringed Fly River Delta,Papua New Guinea

Six oceanographic moorings were maintained for 8 weeks across the mouth of the mangrove-fringed Fly River estuary from April to June 1995 in the southeast trade wind season. A further 4 moorings were deployed for 8 weeks along the estuary channel in 1992, also in the southeast trade wind season. These data were used to estimate net exchange of suspended sediment between the estuary and the Gulf of Papua. A net inflow of fine sediment into the estuary from the coastal ocean was found to be considerable, about 40 tonnes s^-1 or about 10 times the riverine inflow rate, resulting in a calculated, spatially averaged vertical accretion rate of 2 mm year^-1. Mangroves may account for trapping 6% of the riverine sediment inflow or about 1/4 of the riverine clay inflow. If this sediment was distributed only over the observed accumulation zones near islands the local accumulation rates in these zones would reach 4 cm year^-1. Estimates of soft sediment mass accumulation rates (1–10 kg m^-2 year^-1) in the channel from Pb-210 and C-14 measurements from cores of deltaic mangrove mud cannot account for this accumulation rate on a 100–1000 year time scale. The fate of the remaining sediment is unknown, it may be exported from the estuary in the monsoon season.