基于高光谱特征参数的冬小麦氮营养指数估算

为了实现快速高精度获取冬小麦氮营养指数的高光谱监测技术，利用美国SVC HR-1024I型野外光谱辐射仪对2017-2019年关中地区的冬小麦进行遥感监测，获取“三边”参数、任意两波段光谱指数和植被指数，通过相关性分析和逐步回归分析方法筛选冬小麦氮营养指数的敏感光谱参数，结合偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)、随机森林算法(RFR)、支持向量机回归(SVR)和梯度增强回归(GBDT)建立冬小麦氮营养指数模型，并对模型估算精度进行验证。结果表明，从拔节期到灌浆期，各时期的氮营养指数与任意两波段光谱指数均呈极显著相关，其中拔节期氮营养指数与任意两波段光谱指数相关性均高于其他时期，且基于一阶导数光谱的归一化光谱指数和比值光谱指数与氮营养指数的相关系数最大，为0.66。拔节期基于梯度增强回归的冬小麦氮营养指数预测模型的决定系数(r²)和均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.96和0.05,模型验证的r²、RMSE和相对预测偏差(RPD)分别为0.95、0.12和2.12,模型预测精度最高。因此，拔节期基于梯度增强回归的冬小麦氮营养指数估算模型可用于冬小麦氮营养监测...     

基于SWAT模型的大安市降水入渗量变化的模拟研究

针对近年的研究热点,通过SWAT模型对半干旱、盐碱化严重的吉林省大安市进行降水入渗模拟。以2000、2004和2008年遥感影像解译得到的土地利用数据为基础,结合SWAT模型的模拟结果,讨论LUCC与降水入渗量的相关关系。2008年与2000年相比,难利用地的面积有所降低,旱地、草地等发生了大面积的增加,研究区内土地状况有所好转。通过SWAT模型运行得到的结果显示:2008年的平均降水入渗量为56.27 mm,比2000年的值高。利用降水入渗系数法进行计算,也得到了2008年的降水入渗量高于2000年的结果,这与SWAT模型模拟得到的结果有着相同的趋势,且平均降水入渗量的标准偏差为5.27,说明SWAT模型对于研究区有良好的适应性。同时,根据土地利用数据和SWAT模型模拟数据可以得知,LUCC对研究区的降水入渗量存在着一定的相关性。     

不同密度紧凑型油菜的源库特征及与收获指数的相关研究

旨在为油菜株型育种和机械化栽培提供理论和技术依据。选用3个不同类型的紧凑型油菜常规品种,以松散型油菜杂交种‘秦优7号’为对照,研究了在15万、30万、45万、60万、75万、90万株/hm²密度下各品系的库源特征及其与收获指数的关系。结果表明,紧凑型油菜单株在不同密度下的库源特征与对照松散型相同,单株根、茎、枝、壳干重,角粒数和单株角果数随种植密度的增加而降低,且低密度显著高于高密度;千粒重随密度的变化不大。紧凑型油菜的生物学产量和经济产量随种植密度的增加而增加,松散型油菜随种植密度的增加而下降。说明紧凑型油菜适宜密植和机械化收获。收获指数对密度的响应在两类型品种表现一致,最低密度15万株/hm²增加到30万株/hm²时达到峰值,以后随着种植密度的继续增加而降低。收获指数与茎+枝+壳干重之和,与库性状角粒数、角果数、千粒重、单株产量,与库源关系的粒根比、粒茎比、粒枝比、粒壳比显著正相关,说明要提高收获指数不仅要扩“源”增“库”,还要协调库源的合理分配比例。     

基于PSO-BP神经网络的外贸发展状况的评价

以我国对外贸易的实际情况为基础，建立了评价外贸发展状况的一套指标体系.使用主成分分析方法对所有评价指标进行预处理之后，借助粒子群优化算法改进了BP神经网络算法，构建了外贸发展状况的评价模型.评价模型在具体应用中，评价结果较为准确，具有一定的科学性和合理性.     

基于加权Voronoi图的林木竞争指数

以福寿山林场25年生的杉木生态公益林为研究对象,通过分析林木竞争指数与胸径生长因子的相关关系,得出二者为负相关,从而确定加权Voronoi图的权重为胸径倒数(W),借助Arcgis软件里的加权Voronoi图工具,通过加权Voronoi图的方法来确定竞争单元,提出基于加权Voronoi图的W_V_Hegyi竞争指数,最后将W_V_Hegyi竞争指数与Hegyi、V_Hegyi竞争指数进行对比分析,结果表明:1) 3种竞争指数与胸径相关性强弱排序为:W_V_HegyiV_HegyiHegyi;2) 3种竞争指数与胸径服从幂函数关系,曲线拟合度排序为:W_V_HegyiV_HegyiHegyi;3) 样地竞争指数平均值排序均为:V_HegyiW_V_HegyiHegyi。通过以上比较分析证明,W_V_Hegyi竞争指数比Hegyi、V_Hegyi竞争指数能更准确地反映林木间的竞争关系。      

Radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of potato affected by different N fertigation and irrigation regimes

Three years of field experiments were carried out to explore the response of potato dry matter production, accumulated intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (Aipar) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) to five N levels providing 0, 60, 100, 140 and 180 kg N ha⁻¹ and three drip irrigation strategies, which were full, deficit and none irrigation. Results showed that, irrespective of years, dry matter production and Aipar were increased by prolonged N fertigation, even though N fertigation was carried out from middle to late growing season. The highest total and tuber dry matter and accumulated radiation interception in all three years were obtained when potatoes were provided with 180 kg N ha⁻¹. RUE on the other hand was not affected by N regime. Thus, increases in total dry matter production with increasing N levels were essentially caused by higher Aipar. The strongest response to N fertilization occurred when most N was applied early in the growing season and the latest N fertilization should be applied no later than 41–50 days after emergence. Deficit irrigation, which received ca.70% of irrigation applied to full irrigation, did not reduce radiation interception and radiation use efficiency.     

Density responses and spatial distribution of cotton yield and yield components in jujube (Zizyphus jujube)/cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) agroforestry

Trees are the dominant species in agroforestry systems, profoundly affecting the performance of understory crops. Proximity to trees is a key factor in crop performance, but rather little information is available on the spatial distribution of yield and yield components of crop species under the influence of trees in agroforestry systems. Also, little information is available on how crop density may be exploited to optimize the yield in such systems. Here we studied the performance of cotton in jujube/cotton agroforestry. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 in Hetian, Xinjiang, China. Cotton was grown at a row distance of 60 cm in three densities, 13.5, 18.0 and 22.5 plants m⁻² in six m wide paths between tree lines in a jujube plantation. Plant density affected both cotton aboveground dry matter and yield significantly. The highest yield was attained at the intermediate density of 18.0 plants m⁻² (20.0 plants m⁻² corresponding in sole cotton), lower than the optimal density in sole cotton (25.0 plants m⁻²). Yield at the lower density was constrained by the low number of bolls per m² as a direct consequence of the low density, whereas at the high plant density yield was constrained by a lower allocation of assimilates to cotton seed and lint, as a consequence of intraspecific and interspecific competitions. There were strong gradients in yield and yield components in relation to the distance from the tree rows. Leaf area and total dry matter of cotton in rows close to the tree lines were reduced, especially in the rows next to the trees. Moreover, biomass allocation to cotton fruits was reduced in these rows. Competitive influences from the trees on cotton performance extended two rows deep in a six-year old jujube stand, and even three rows deep in a seven-year old stand. Shading effects on cotton yield were compensated by increasing plant density as a result of greater boll numbers per unit ground area. Data from this study help guide the design of optimal plant density of cotton in jujube plantations and give insight in the spatial distribution and dynamics of competitive effects in agroforestry systems in general.     

基于企业社会责任的可持续供应链风险评价——以汽车行业为例

现代企业的竞争由企业间品牌竞争转向为供应链之间的竞争，可持续供应链管理中企业承担社会责任，是提高企业竞争优势、顺应社会责任指南标准化趋势的必然要求。可持续供应链中企业社会责任的复杂性、因果关系暧昧性和历史变化性使得社会责任实践存在一些困难。为了对可持续供应链管理中企业的社会责任进行有效治理，我们得在可持续供应链中纳入企业社会责任共同治理标准，对企业社会责任进行风险评价、监督与管理。     

沟槽滤棒压降影响因素的因子分析

[目的]深入研究沟槽滤棒特征参数及组成材料对滤棒压降的影响。[方法]选取常见的8种不同规格的沟槽滤棒及其主要组成材料为分析对象,采用相关性分析与因子分析,开展9个主要特征参数对沟槽滤棒压降的影响程度研究。[结果]试验表明,影响沟槽滤棒压降的特征参数间存在显著或极显著的相关性,相关系数矩阵中特征值大于1.0的前3个成分的累计贡献率达87.502%;由沟槽滤棒压降影响特征参数的旋转因子载荷矩阵得到3个公因子,总结定义后分别是:丝束总质量因子、单丝线密度/纤维素纸物理特性因子、沟槽特征参数因子。[结论]因子分析得出的公因子影响情况与实际沟槽滤棒生产检验过程中出现的情况基本吻合,进一步证实了沟槽滤棒特征参数对滤棒压降影响的准确性。     

基于案例推理的产品质量安全风险评估研究

为了建立健全产品质量安全风险管理体系，加强产品质量安全风险预警的要求，同时最大程度地利用过去成功的风险评估案例，构建了基于案例推理的产品质量安全风险评估系统。针对某种产品，根据专家的知识建立风险评估指标体系，并将每个评估指标赋权重，计算与案例库中的各个案例相似度，寻找出最大相似度案例，据此，辅助相关人员对目标案例进行风险分析与评估。