栉孔扇贝外套膜和鳃粘液细胞的类型与分布

采用AB PAS染色法显微观察和分析人工养殖 3龄栉孔扇贝 (Chlamysfarreri,壳长 4 0～ 5 0mm)外套膜和鳃粘液细胞类型与分布规律。结果表明 ,粘液细胞分为 4种类型 ,Ⅰ型呈红色 ,Ⅱ型呈蓝色 ,Ⅲ型呈紫红色 ,Ⅳ型呈蓝紫色。不同部位 ,粘液细胞类型、密度及形态不同 ,这与其功能密切相关。外套膜边缘膜及生壳突起内、外表皮粘液细胞均以Ⅱ型为主 ,密度较小 ,形态主要为梨形、杯形、圆形 ,并多为大型细胞 ;中央膜内表皮以Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型较多 ,形态多为圆形或不规则形 ,外表皮只有Ⅱ型细胞分布 ;鳃轴表皮粘液细胞以Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型为多 ,形态为圆形、杯形或不规则形 ;鳃丝表皮粘液细胞多为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型 ,形态多为圆形 ,少量为杯形 ;外套膜感觉突起和缘膜突起的表皮中无明显着色的粘液细胞 ,而是被大量棕色颗粒充满     

氨氮对栉孔扇贝血淋巴活性氧含量和抗氧化酶活性的影响

实验测定了不同浓度氨氮胁迫下栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)血淋巴中胞内胞外活性氧自由基(ROIs)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的变化。结果表明，在较低浓度氨氮胁迫下，胞内胞外活性氧含量都随氨氮浓度升高而增加，当浓度继续增加到20～40mg／L时，胞内外活性氧含量都明显下降且低于对照组；不同氨氮浓度下两种酶活性也不同，当氨氮浓度为1．25～20mg／L时，CAT活性随氨氮浓度增加而升高，当浓度增大到40mg／L时，CAT活性明显下降且低于对照组；当氨氮浓度为1．25～5mg／L时，SOD活性随氨氮浓度增加而升高，而当浓度为10～40mg／L时，酶活性显著下降。实验结果说明，适当的氨氮刺激可增加胞内外活性氧的含量，增强扇贝的两种抗氧化酶活性，但较高浓度氨氮则使胞内外活性氧的含量显著下降并明显抑制抗氧化酶的活性。     

以栉孔扇贝闭壳肌为例的几种DNA提取方法的比较研究

以栉孔扇贝(Chlamys farreri)闭壳肌为试验材料，采用浓盐法、酚抽提法、LiCl法及改进的浓盐法和酚抽提法等提取其DNA，通过紫外吸收值测定及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法对提取的DNA质量进行分析比较。结果表明，这5种方法都能提到DNA，但改进的浓盐法和酚抽提法可将其中的蛋白质及RNA较为有效地除去，得到比较纯净的DNA。     

Breeding cycle of the northern scallop, Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819) in southern Chile

The gametogenic cycle of the northern scallop, Argopecten purpuratus (Lamarck, 1819) was studied in southern Chile. This species has a high commercial value and is cultivated in northern Chile, the location of its natural habitats. It has recently been introduced into southern Chile where advantages such as suitable sheltered locations protected from wave action favour its mass culture. However, there are also potential disadvantages, such as lower water temperatures, which could affect reproduction. The results of the monthly variations of the gonadosomatic index and the frequency of maturity stages in specimens cultivated in Metri Bay (41° 36′S; 72° 43′W) and in those kept on the seabed in Quihua Channel (41° 50′S; 73° 05′W), suggest that the maturity and spawning period of this species extends from the end of spring through autumn. This pattern was more pronounced in Metri Bay, where levels of maturity were higher, due to higher summer water temperatures, than in Quihua Channel. Specimens at different maturity stages are found throughout the year, which seems to be associated with a rapid gonad recovery. The general pattern of the gametogenic cycle of specimens in the cultures does not differ from that recorded in the natural habitat of the species. The data available suggest that during reproduction temperature changes are more important than the relative values of the temperature. This evidence would support the possibility of mass culture of this species in southern Chile, outside its natural distribution area that extends from Corinto, Nicaragua (12°S) to Valparaíso, Chile (33°S).     

桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖容量的研究

通过计算单位面积的初级生产量生产的有机碳供应量、单位面积滤食性附着生物量及其对有机碳的需求量，首次对桑沟湾栉孔扇贝养殖容量进行了估算。结果显示，当栉孔扇贝壳高为３￣４ｃｍ时，其养殖总容量为１１０亿粒左右，单位面积养殖容量估算值为９０粒／ｍ＾２；当壳高为４￣５ｃｍ时，其养殖总容量降为７５亿粒，单位面积养殖容量估算值为６０粒／ｍ＾２；当壳高为５￣６ｃｍ时，其养殖总容量仅为４０亿粒，单位面积养殖容量为３     

Relationships among environment, spawning and settlement of Queen scallop in the Ría de Arosa (Galicia, NW Spain)

This study examines the relationship of the reproductive and reserve storage cycles and spat settlement of the Queen scallop (Aequipecten opercularis) to environmental factors. The possibility of farming this species from spat settled on collectors is considered. The gonad condition index shows maximum values between mid-May and early August. Another peak occurs in mid-November. In spring and summer, the energy needed for gametogenesis is derived from food, although it is possible that direct transfer may occur from the digestive gland to the gonad. The glycogen and lipid content of the reserve organs reaches maximum values between late summer and early autumn. The energy requirements related to gametogenesis, which begins in autumn, involve the consumption of accumulated reserves with the resulting reduction in the condition indices. There is a positive correlation between temperature and the condition indices of the digestive gland, the adductor muscle and their lipid and glycogen content, respectively. Two settlement periods were recorded, one in winter, which could not be associated with the spawning of the experimental animals, and another in summer, which coincided with the spawning that took place in spring. The reduced gonad indices recorded at the end of the summer and in winter did not lead to settlement.     

人工诱导栉孔扇贝雄核发育早期的荧光显微镜观察

利用荧光显微镜观察栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)正常卵子与雄核发育卵子在减数分裂、受精过程和卵裂早期中的核相变化。雄核发育单倍体是将强度为2.8mW/(cm2·s)的紫外线照射20s的卵子与正常精子受精后得到的。结果表明,尽管紫外线照射并没有影响卵子的成熟分裂及雌性、雄性原核的形成,但它们的发生过程滞后。在第1卵裂中期,雄核发育卵子中雌性原核并不像雄性原核一样形成染色体,而是形成1个浓缩的染色质小体(DCB)。第1卵裂后期,DCB不参与核分裂。第1卵裂结束时,DCB位于2个分裂球其中之一的细胞质内或在赤道板处被分割成两部分。实验结果首次提供了栉孔扇贝雄核发育的细胞学证据。     

(钅止)锚湾扇贝养殖水域富营养化现状与评价

根据2006-2007年(钅止)锚湾海湾扇贝养殖水域富营养化现状调查资料,分析了该水域表层营养盐类的分布特征并对其富营养化现状进行了评价.调查结果表明,该水域2006年水环境质量好于2007年.2年来均表现为 5、6月水质较好, 8月水质较差,2007年8月水质最差,水体已呈富营养化状态,并开始受到有机物污染.     

Purification of transglutaminase from scallop striated adductor muscle and NaCl-induced inactivation

SUMMARY: Tissue type transglutaminase (TGase) was purified from scallop striated adductor muscle with successive chromatographies of DE-52 cellulose, Sephacryl S-300, and Mono Q columns. The yield and purification of the enzymatic activity was 16.6% and 101.9-fold, respectively. The molecular mass of purified enzyme was estimated to be 95 kDa by sodium dodecylsulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Scallop TGase was Ca²⁺-dependent and strongly inactivated by ρ-chloromercuribenzoic acid, N -ethylmaleimide, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺, meaning it belongs to the thiol group of enzymes as well as being a mammalian enzyme. When scallop TGase was incubated in 0.5 M NaCl without substrate for 2 h at 20°C and pH 7.5, enzymatic activity decreased to 14.4% of its original. However, a conformational change in the TGase molecule was not detected by either fluorescent, ultraviolet, and circular dichroism spectra analyses compared to the enzyme incubated without NaCl. In addition, the enzyme inactivated by NaCl was partially recovered by the dilution of salt concentration, which means that the NaCl-induced inactivation process is reversible to some extent. These results suggest that NaCl-induced modulation of the TGase molecule occurs via a small conformational change.