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11.
The establishment of large numbers of ramets from any individual coral genet can be used as a valuable source of material for the trade in ornamental marine organisms and in physiological and ecotoxicological studies. Here we discuss the rationale and the applicability of rearing ex situ large numbers of nubbins (minute fragments, down to the size of a single polyp). Nubbins taken from colonies of the branching Red Sea coral Stylophora pistillata show high survivorship under ex situ conditions and fast growth rates (5- to 6-fold increase in polyp numbers within 3 months) of the basal plates which revealed a significant correlation between tissue surface area and polyp numbers. Nubbins from branch tips and mid branches grew at a similar rate, but growth was affected by different light regimens. This approach requires further experimentation to elucidate optimal conditions.  相似文献   
12.
13.
南海主要珊瑚礁(鱼旨)科鱼类的组成与分布   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
1998年3~5月和1999年5~6月,采用手钓、延绳钓和刺网3种作业方式在西沙的浪花礁、华光礁、琛航岛、永兴岛、北礁和南沙的渚碧礁、南薰礁、东门礁、美济礁、赤瓜礁、永署礁、华阳礁等12座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查,捕获科鱼类6属25种,渔获量计942尾256.4kg;其中在南沙调查区捕获6属22种,共641尾205.5kg,优势种依次为尾纹九棘鲈、蜂巢石斑鱼、六角石斑鱼、黑边石斑鱼;在西沙调查区捕获6属14种,共301尾50.9kg,优势种依次为尾纹九棘鲈、六角石斑鱼、黑边石斑鱼、蜂巢石斑鱼,同时分析了主要种类尾纹九棘鲈、六角石斑鱼和蜂巢石斑鱼的生物学特征。  相似文献   
14.
南沙群岛重要珊瑚礁水域鱼类资源数量分布   总被引:6,自引:3,他引:6  
李永振 《水产学报》2004,28(6):651-656
1998年3—5月和1999年5—6月.采用手钓、延绳钓和流刺网3种作业方式在南沙群岛的渚碧、南薰、东门、美济、赤瓜、永署和华阳等7座珊瑚礁水域进行了2个航次的鱼类资源调查。结果表明,7座珊瑚礁水域不同作业方式的鱼类资源相对丰盛度差别较大,其中刺网以永暑礁最高,手钓以华阳礁最高,延绳钓以南薰礁最高;同时.刺网和手钓不同水深区域鱼类资源的相对丰盛度也不相同.其中刺网以11~30m区域最高.手钓以10m以浅和51~80m区域较高;分析认为,造成礁区之间鱼类相对丰盛度差异的主要原因不是初级生产力.而是生态环境因素,主要是礁盘形态和大型海藻的数量。另外.各礁区水域的优势类群有明显不同.这主要与洞穴的大小和数量、大型海藻及珊瑚的种类和数量等生物和非生物环境有关。  相似文献   
15.
舟山渔场人工鱼礁投放海域生态环境前期评估   总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18  
虞聪达 《水产学报》2004,28(3):316-322
根据2002年6-7月在舟山渔场朱家尖外侧开展人工鱼礁投放海域本底调查所获的海洋生物和海洋水文环境资料及以往有关文献中对该海域的调查资料,对朱家尖外侧拟投人工鱼礁海域的海水理化因子和海洋生物种类组成、数量分布和群落结构特征作了较详细的分析研究,以评估该海域是否适于投放人工鱼礁.结果得知:该海域底质为粉砂质粘土,浮游生物种类和数量及底栖生物种类和数量较多,水深为14~19m,温、盐度季节变化明显、透明度较高、水色相对较清,水质绝大多数指标符合国家一、二类水质标准,海域适合沿岸岛礁性鱼类如石斑鱼、褐菖、鲈鱼等的栖息生长,历史上渔业资源丰富,也无工厂废水排放,不会对海洋生态环境产生重大污染,因此,可以为良好的投放人工礁之场所.  相似文献   
16.
  1. Despite a relatively long history of scientific interest fuelled by exploratory research cruises, the UK deep sea has only recently emerged as the subject of targeted and proactive conservation. Enabling legislation over the past 10 years has resulted in the designation of marine protected areas and the implementation of fisheries management areas as spatial conservation tools. This paper reflects on progress and lessons learned, recommending actions for the future.
  2. Increased investment has been made to improve the evidence base for deep‐sea conservation, including collaborative research surveys and use of emerging technologies. New open data portals and developments in marine habitat classification systems have been two notable steps to furthering understanding of deep‐sea biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in support of conservation action.
  3. There are still extensive gaps in fundamental knowledge of deep‐sea ecosystems and of cause and effect. Costs of new technologies and a limited ability to share data in a timely and efficient manner across sectors are barriers to furthering understanding. In addition, whilst the concepts of natural capital and ecosystem services are considered a useful tool to support the achievement of conservation goals, practical application is challenging.
  4. Continued collaborative research efforts and engagement with industry to share knowledge and resources could offer cost‐effective solutions to some of these barriers. Further elaboration of the concepts of natural capital and ecosystem services will aid understanding of the costs and benefits associated with human–environment interactions and support informed decision‐making in conserving the deep sea.
  5. Whilst multiple challenges arise for deep‐sea conservation, it is critical to continue ongoing conservation efforts, including exploration and collaboration, and to adopt new conservation strategies that are implemented in a systematic and holistic way and to ensure that these are adaptive to growing economic interest in this marine area.
  相似文献   
17.
This study examines factors affecting the rate and extent of biomass build-up among commercially important groupers, snappers, grunts, parrotfish and surgeonfish in a network of four marine reserves in southwest St. Lucia, Caribbean. Reserves constituted 35% of the total reef area originally available for fishing. Protection was instigated in 1995 after a baseline survey with annual or biennial censuses performed until 2002. Each survey consisted of 114 fifteen minute fish counts in reserves and 83 in fishing grounds, at depths of 5 m and 15 m in a 10 m diameter counting area. Estimates of number and size (cm) of target species were used to calculate fish family biomass. Data were analysed using three-way ANOVA in a before-after-control-impact pairs (BACIP) design. All families increased significantly in biomass over time at nearly all sites. Increases were greater in reserves than fishing grounds, except for grunts, and responses were strongest in parrotfish and surgeonfish. The combined biomass of families more than quadrupled in reserves and tripled in fishing grounds between 1995 and 2002. During this period coral cover declined by 46% in reserves and 35% in fishing grounds. Multiple regression showed that neither habitat characteristics nor habitat deterioration significantly affected rates of biomass build-up. The key factor was protection from fishing, which explained 44% of the variance in biomass growth. A further 28% of the variance was explained by sedimentation, a process known to stress reef invertebrates, significantly reducing the rate of biomass build-up. St. Lucia’s reserves succeeded in producing significant gains to fish stocks despite coral cover and structural complexity falling steeply over the period of the study.  相似文献   
18.
Many species of coral reef fish undertake ontogenetic migrations between seagrass beds, mangroves, and coral reefs. A recent study from the Caribbean found that the availability of mangrove nursery habitat had a striking impact on the community structure and biomass of reef fish in their adult, coral reef habitat. The biomass of several species more than doubled when the reefs were connected to rich mangrove resources (defined as having at least 70 km of fringing Rhizophora mangle within a region of 200 km2). Here, the results of this large-scale empirical study are translated into a series of algorithms for use in natural resource management planning. Four algorithms are described that identify (i) the relative importance of mangrove nursery sites, (ii) the connectivity of individual reefs to mangrove nurseries, (iii) areas of nursery habitat that have an unusually large importance to specific reefs, and (iv) priority sites for mangrove reforestation projects. The algorithms generate a connectivity matrix among mangroves and coral reefs that facilitates the identification of connected corridors of habitats within a dynamic planning environment (e.g., reserve selection algorithms).  相似文献   
19.
A range of different biodiversity-based selection methods for nature reserves has been tested for terrestrial environments, including those based on diversity hotspots, endemicity hotspots and complementarity. In this study, we investigate the utility of these approaches for a coral reef embayment. We compare coral and fish species richness in a random accumulation of reserve sites with (a) hotspots analysis, (b) stratified selection of hotspots, and (c) complementarity. Cumulative species-site curves indicated that complementarity maximized the rate of accumulation of species of both corals and fishes in reserves, while the hotspot approach performed moderately well. An equivalent number of reserve sites supported a greater proportion of the coral biodiversity when compared to fishes, reflecting the broader distribution of corals. Our results indicate that when choosing an indicator group as a proxy for representing overall diversity in a reserve network, the group with the greatest heterogeneity will provide the best results. Our findings also show that although a modest number of protected sites (20%) will incorporate much of the local diversity (>75%), species-specific approaches must be incorporated to target rare species.  相似文献   
20.
不同结构模型礁对许氏平鲇幼鱼的诱集效果   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
用鱼类行为学方法,观测了许氏平蚰Sebastess chlegeli幼鱼在水槽内无模型礁和有模型礁条件下的行为反应,并统计分析了PVC材质的5种结构模型礁对许氏平铀幼鱼的聚集率。结果表明:水槽中无模型礁的条件下,标志区(模型礁设置区)的许氏平蚰聚集率为0,许氏平蚰选择光线较弱区域栖息:放入模型礁的条件下,5种模型礁均对许氏平蚰具有明显的诱集作用,群体重心在礁体周围移动,标志区对鱼的聚集率为56.7%-90%。方差分析结果表明:5种模型礁对许氏平蚰的诱集作用无明显差异,许氏平蚰对不同模型礁均表现出明显的趋集反应。  相似文献   
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