Evaluation of association between polymorphism within the thyroglobulin gene and milk production traits in dairy cattle

In dairy cattle, many studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the centromeric end of chromosome 14 that affect milk production traits. One of the candidate genes in this QTL region – thyroglobulin (TG) – was previously found to be significantly associated with marbling in beef cattle. Thus, based on QTL studies in dairy cattle and because of possible effects of this gene on fat metabolism, we investigated the association of TG with milk yield and composition in Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1279 bulls from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository Holstein population were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism in TG used previously in beef cattle studies. Analysis of 29 sire families showed no significant association between TG variants and milk production traits. Within‐sire family analysis suggests that TG is neither the responsible gene nor a genetic marker in association with milk production traits.     

禽流感病毒和新城疫病毒二联RT-PCR检测方法的建立

参照国内外已发表的禽流感病毒(AIV)和新城疫病毒(NDV)的基因序列及其相关的RT-PCR检测方法,根据禽流感病毒M蛋白基因和新城疫病毒NP基因各设计一套特异性通用引物,扩增目的带分别为600bp和340 bp。通过对相关病毒检测,建立了AIV和NDV通用型二联RT-PCR检测方法。该方法具有快速、敏感、特异等优点,可为AIV和NDV的检测、流行病学调查及疫苗使用等奠定基础。     

荧光定量PCR技术及其在动物营养中的应用

实时荧光定量PCR技术是一种通过检测PCR荧光信号的变化进行核酸定量的技术。目前,该技术已经应用于病原微生物、基因表达、基因组变异和多态性检测等许多方面。本文综述了定量PCR技术的基本原理及其在动物营养中的应用。     

淫羊藿苷对大鼠腺垂体细胞合成分泌CTH的影响

通过腺垂体细胞的原代培养技术和半定量RT-PCR技术观察淫羊藿苷对大鼠腺垂体合成分泌GTH的影响。建立了腺垂体细胞总RNA的提取、FSH和LH特异基因的PCR扩增的体系和条件,并以β-actin为内参照与FSH和LH特异基因进行多重比较。结果淫羊藿苷能提高大鼠腺垂体细胞中GTHmRNA的水平,但并非与剂量呈线形关系,中剂量组(60μl/l)时大鼠腺垂体细胞中GTHmRNA的水平最高,与低剂量组(30μl/l)和高剂量组(100μl/l)差异显著。表明淫羊藿苷不但能通过直接作用与性腺来发挥“壮阳”的作用,而且其对垂体细胞也有刺激作用。     

An epidemiological survey of Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid in Akita Prefecture as a model region in Japan

In epidemiological surveys on Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid (CChMVd) in various chrysanthemums cultivated in Akita Prefecture, Japan, in 2002–2005, approximately 20% of cultivars harbored CChMVd, including more symptomatic types than nonsymptomatic. Large-flowered cultivars were less frequently infected than small-flowered and spray types. The number of CChMVd-infected chrysanthemums is increasing, and the disease is found throughout major chrysanthemum-producing districts. Chrysanthemums infected only with CChMVd, in general, had no noticeable symptoms of disease. Most of those dually infected with known viruses and/or viroid also had no symptoms characteristic of chlorotic mottle disease. The lack of noticeable symptoms in major Japanese cultivars may have resulted in the unnoticed spread of the viroid.     

Major Gene and Polygenic Resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus)

The most common and effective way to control phoma stem canker (blackleg) caused by Leptosphaeria maculans in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is through the breeding of resistant cultivars. Race specific major genes that mediate resistance from the seedling stage have been identified in B. napus or have been introgressed from related species. Many race specific major genes have been described and some of them are probably identical in B. napus (allotetraploid AACC) and the parental species B. rapa (diploid AA). More work is needed using a set of well-characterised isolates to determine the number of different major resistance genes available. In some B. napus cultivars, there is resistance which is polygenic (mediated by Quantitative Trait Loci) and postulated to be race non-specific. Many of these major genes and Quantitative Trait Loci for resistance to L. maculans have been located on B. napus genetic maps. Genes involved in race specific and polygenic resistance are generally distinct.     

珍珠鸡MHC Ⅰ轻链基因的克隆、可溶性表达与纯化

为了构建珍珠鸡MHCⅠ轻链β2m成熟肽基因的原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌中实现可溶性的表达,采用反转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法从鸡脾脏中提取总RNA,以总RNA为模板,5’-ATC TAG AGG TAC CGG ATC C-(T)15-3’为反转录引物,采用T aK aR a AM V反转录酶合成F irst-strand cDNA(fcDNA)。根据G enB ank中登录的鸡的β2m基因序列,设计了分别含E coRⅠ和H indⅢ酶切位点的一对引物,分别扩增鸡β2m的成熟肽基因。PCR产物经纯化回收后,插入到含L acZ基因的原核克隆载体pGEM-T E asy中,转化至大肠杆菌JM 109感受态细胞,经E coRⅠ和H indⅢ双酶切及PCR鉴定,筛选出阳性克隆。再把所克隆的片断亚克隆到表达载体pM AL-p2X,构建重组表达质粒p2Xβ-2m。将重组表达质粒转化入大肠杆菌E.coli TB 1感受态细胞,筛选阳性克隆,经IPTG诱导表达后,进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)分析。结果表明,本研究克隆了鸡β2m成熟肽基因序列,全长约297bp,编码约98个氨基酸,并可溶性表达了鸡β2m成熟肽蛋白质分子。采用淀粉树脂柱亲和层析和DEAE凝胶过滤方法对表达产物进行了纯化,并对纯化的表达产物进行了W estern b lot鉴定。本研究为进一步利用BF 2的胞外区在体外共同构建MHCⅠ类分子结合筛选抗原表位肽平台奠定了基础。     

精子受精抗原-1(FA-1) mRNA在绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达

本研究通过RT-PCR检测了该基因在绵羊睾丸和附睾中的表达情况。首先,提取绵羊睾丸组织、附睾头、体、尾部组织总RNA,以此为模板,反转录合成cDNA,自行设计引物,PCR扩增出462 bp的目的DNA。然后,将目的片断克隆入T载体,通过菌液PCR和重组质粒酶切,鉴定重组质粒中的目的DNA。再经序列分析鉴定目的片断。同时,以β-actin为内参照物,进行RT-PCR半定量分析,比较精子受精抗原(FA-1)在睾丸、附睾头、体、尾组织中的表达量。结果表明,FA-1在绵羊睾丸和附睾中均表达。