Sensitive detection of the c‐KIT c.1430G>T mutation by mutant‐specific polymerase chain reaction in feline mast cell tumours

Here, we describe the establishment of mutant‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of a c‐KIT c.1430G>T mutation in feline mast cell tumours. Several mutations in feline c‐KIT have been identified, with the c.1430G>T mutation accounting for a significant portion of feline mast cell tumour mutations. The c.1430G>T mutation in c‐KIT exon 9 was detected in 15.7% (11 of 70) of samples by mutant‐specific PCR but in only 7.1% (5 of 70) by PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the genomic DNA isolated from 70 formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded sections or cells collected by fine needle aspiration. Mutant‐specific PCR showed remarkably higher detection rate than did PCR–RFLP. DNA sequence analysis did not always yield identical results to those of mutant‐specific PCR, suggesting heterogeneity of tumour cells. Mutant‐specific PCR is a valid and efficient screening tool for detection of the c‐KIT c.1430G>T point mutation in feline mast cell tumours compared with PCR–RFLP and sequencing analysis.     

Changes in rhodopsin-porphyropsin ratio of chum and pink salmon

ABSTRACT:   In order to investigate the changes in rhodopsin-porphyropsin ratio of chum salmon and pink salmon in relation to the change in their habitat, the ratios were analyzed in individual fish prior to stocking, during the sea run, homing, and upstream migration. The ratio in both the species gradually increased during the sea run. However, the ratio decreased after upstream river migration. Moreover, in the sea, the rhodopsin-porphyropsin ratio of chum salmon was always slightly higher than that of pink salmon. The largest difference in the individual variation was observed in the individuals caught with a set net placed near the mouth of a home river.     

3种不同规模化培养模式对湛江等鞭金藻生产力及色素含量的影响

为进一步提高湛江等鞭金藻室外规模化培养效率,对管道式光生物反应器、聚乙烯桶和水泥池3种微藻室外规模化培养模式下湛江等鞭金藻的藻密度进行了评估比较.试验将接种藻密度控制为10.0×104 cells/mL,培养周期为16 d.结果显示:管道式光生物反应器培养模式下,生产力相对最高为0.0543 g/L/d、比生长速率为0...     

Use of advanced recombinant lines to study the impact and potential of mutations affecting starch synthesis in barley

The effects on barley starch and grain properties of four starch synthesis mutations were studied during the introgression of the mutations from diverse backgrounds into an elite variety. The lys5f (ADPglucose transporter), wax (granule-bound starch synthase), isa1 (debranching enzyme isoamylase 1) and sex6 (starch synthase IIa) mutations were introgressed into NFC Tipple to give mutant and wild-type BC₂F₄ families with different genomic contributions of the donor parent. Comparison of starch and grain properties between the donor parents, the BC₂F₄ families and NFC Tipple allowed the effects of the mutations to be distinguished from genetic background effects. The wax and sex6 mutations had marked effects on starch properties regardless of genetic background. The sex6 mutation conditioned low grain weight and starch content, but the wax mutation did not. The lys5 mutation conditioned low grain weight and starch content, but exceptionally high β-glucan contents. The isa1 mutation promotes synthesis of soluble α-glucan (phytoglycogen). Its introgression into NFC Tipple increased grain weight and total α-glucan content relative to the donor parent, but reduced the ratio of phytoglycogen to starch. This study shows that introgression of mutations into a common, commercial background provides new insights that could not be gained from the donor parent.     

基于日光诱导叶绿素荧光的柑橘黄龙病原位诊断

柑橘黄龙病（Huanglongbing, HLB）是柑橘生产中的毁灭性病害,柑橘植株遭到黄龙病菌侵染后光合能力发生变化而后表现出相应的黄化症状。及早实现HLB的原位快速诊断是防控HLB的重要手段。为探究黄龙病菌侵染柑橘叶片的光合响应机制并实现HLB的原位诊断,该研究分析了健康（Healthy）、未显症HLB（asymptomatic HLB, aHLB）、显症HLB（symptomatic HLB, sHLB）以及黄斑病（Macular,症状与黄龙病相似）柑橘叶片的光合参数与光合色素含量差异。利用光谱技术与日光诱导叶绿素荧光（Sun-induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence, SIF）技术分析了4种类型柑橘叶片的反射率光谱与SIF光谱差异。采用竞争自适应重加权采样（Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling, CARS）算法结合反射率光谱筛选出特征波段,采用SIF光谱的峰值位置（687和741 nm）构建了上行（Upward, Up）和下行（Downward, Dw）SIF产量指数（Up687, Up741, Dw687, Dw741, Up687/741, Dw687/741）。进一步分别利用特征波段的反射率和SIF产量指数,结合K最邻近（K-nearest Neighbor, KNN）分类算法构建了柑橘黄龙病的诊断模型。结果表明,黄龙病菌的侵染使柑橘叶片的光合作用明显减弱,在未显症时期已经表现出来,证明了SIF技术在诊断早期HLB的优势。基于特征波段反射率的KNN模型对未显症HLB和显症HLB的诊断精度为72.7%和75.6%,健康叶片和黄斑病叶片分别为82.2%和64.1%,而基于687和741 nm波长处的上行比值SIF产量指数Up687/741构建的KNN模型对未显症HLB和显症HLB的诊断精度为84.8%和91.1%,健康和黄斑病叶片分别为88.9%和82.1%,均优于反射率光谱模型。结果证明了SIF技术用于诊断柑橘HLB的潜力,为实现柑橘HLB的田间原位、快速、早期诊断提供了可能。     

单色绿光环境对孵化中种蛋蛋壳理化特性的影响

蛋壳是鸡胚发育过程中与外界环境进行气体和热量交换的重要媒介,其结构、形态等因素均为影响鸡胚发育的重要因素。单色绿光照射可缩短种蛋孵化时间,促进出雏、提高种蛋孵化率。有鉴于此,该研究针对单色绿光调控孵化过程中的种蛋蛋壳色度、蛋壳结构、色素含量及元素含量等因素进行监测,从种蛋蛋壳特性变化的角度探究单色绿光在种蛋孵化过程中促进雏鸡出雏的机制。结果表明,与传统黑暗孵化环境相比较,孵化过程单色绿光形成的光环境促使蛋壳对孵化环境产生适应性响应,蛋壳表面亮度显著降低（P<0.01）,抑制了蛋壳中绿色色素-胆绿素的分解（P<0.01）。且单色绿光有助于鸡胚吸收利用蛋壳中的Ca元素,显著促进孵化过程中蛋壳表面孔隙面积的风化增大（P<0.000 1）,提高蛋壳的通透性及散热效果,利于出雏期间雏鸡出壳,有助于促进出雏并降低孵化死亡率。该研究阐析了单色绿光孵化过程中种蛋蛋壳特性的变化,为单色绿光促进种蛋出雏及其在孵化产业的应用奠定了一定的理论基础。     

水稻半矮杆突变体‘双辐矮糯’的农艺性状与遗传分析

倒伏是影响水稻（Oryza sativa L.）生产的重要因素,半矮杆是协调高产和抗倒性的理想资源。前期通过辐射诱变‘湘辐糯1号’获得了半矮杆突变体‘双辐矮糯’。本研究分析了‘双辐矮糯’的茎节配置特点、基本农艺性状及其遗传规律。结果表明：‘双辐矮糯’株高较‘湘辐糯1号’（133.13 cm）降低了24.88 cm,穗、第1节和第2节长度显著缩短,降幅分别达到18.10%、23.06%和19.13%,而第3、4、5节长度缩短程度不明显,表明其株高突变基因主要控制穗和高位茎节的伸长。‘双辐矮糯’的单株有效穗为10.4个,是‘湘辐糯1号’（5.2个）的2.04倍,其强分蘖能力确保了在每穗总粒数下降20.24%和千粒重下降7.51%情况下单株产量仍表现出25.26%的增长。品质分析发现,‘双辐矮糯’的粒长、粒宽、长宽比等外观品质指标及直链淀粉含量、胶稠度等食味品质指标与‘湘辐糯1号’无显著差异,说明‘双辐矮糯’株高的下降未对外观品质与食味品质产生不利影响。遗传分析发现,48对SSR标记在‘双辐矮糯’与‘湘辐糯1号’间扩增出了完全一致的基因型,二者遗传背景相似度达到了100.00%,证实了‘双辐矮糯’是源于‘湘辐糯1号’的真实变异。利用‘双辐矮糯’与‘湘辐糯1号’构建了2个正反交F₂群体,分析发现群体中半矮杆植株与野生型植株理论分离比符合1∶3,表明半矮杆性状受一个隐性细胞核基因控制。本研究明确了‘双辐矮糯’的株高表型和遗传特点,为深入挖掘其育种价值奠定基础。     

油莎豆幼苗应对盐碱胁迫的光合生理响应机制

对油莎豆幼苗在不同浓度盐胁迫和碱胁迫下的光合生理响应进行研究,揭示其耐盐机制以及抗盐碱能力阈值,为油莎豆在新疆大面积种植及合理划分种植区域提供理论基础。试验选用2种中性盐（NaCl, Na₂SO₄）和2种碱性盐（NaHCO₃ , Na₂CO₃）,分别按2∶1的比例配成相应溶液进行胁迫处理,盐、碱胁迫处理低、中、高浓度分别为 80、160、320 mmol· L^-1和40、80、120 mmol· L^-1,培养于室内光温培养箱中,在出苗15 d后,测量叶绿素含量,光合参数,荧光参数等指标。结果表明：在盐、碱胁迫下随胁迫程度的增加叶绿素a含量（Chl a）、叶绿素b含量（Chl b）、总叶绿素含量（Chl T）、类胡萝卜素含量（Car）、光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度 （G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）呈下降趋势,最大荧光（F_m）、实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）、最大光化学效率（F_v/F_m）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）被抑制,非调节性能量耗散（Y(NO)）升高。其中P_n与G_s、T_r、Chl a,呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与Car、Chl T、F_m、ΦPSⅡ、qP（P<0.05）成显著正相关,与Y(NO)表现为显著负相关。因此油莎豆在盐、碱胁迫下光合速率下降主要与G_s、T_r、Chl a的降低有关。且油莎豆在盐碱胁迫下可通过降低G_s、T_r、叶片含水量（WC）和提高水分利用效率（WUE）以及启动热耗散机制来维持水分的供给和光合系统的动态平衡。在不同盐成分处理中表现为同浓度下碱胁迫抑制程度均大于盐胁迫。     

大豆脂肪酸脱氢酶GmFAD3C-1基因的克隆及功能分析

研究通过对大豆脂肪酸脱氢酶GmFAD3家族中4个关键酶基因序列进行比对,与对照JN18相比,大豆低亚麻酸突变体MT72中GmFAD3C-1基因在起始密码子后+966bp处存在一个碱基位点的缺失（G→?）,产生移码突变,导致氨基酸序列上产生较大变化（该突变基因命名为gmfad3c-1）。构建GmFAD3C-1基因超表达及CRISPR/Cas9编辑载体,利用花粉管通道法获得T₂转化植株。脂肪酸脱氢酶酶活测定结果显示,超表达植株T₂籽粒中,酶活与对照相比上升47.62%~78.85%,编辑载体T₂籽粒中,酶活与对照相比下降25.67%~47.11%。脂肪酸相对含量测定的结果进一步表明,GmFAD3C-1基因的表达与植株亚麻酸含量密切相关。