湘南典型残次阔叶林人工促进更新技术研究

于2003年在湖南省汝城县益将国有林场天然残次阔叶林内设置试验样地和对照样地各3个,采用林地清理、补植、补播等手段促进天然更新,并分别于2006年和2011年进行2次人工促进干预;同时,在6个样地内各设置3个样方,共计18个样方,分别于2003、2008、2013年冬,对幼树、幼苗、萌条的数量及地径进行统计,并对样方内胸径≥5 cm的立木进行每木调查。结果表明:种子补播保存率43%,幼苗补植保存率20%,平均保存率32%。树高≤30 cm且地径0.5 cm、31 cm≤树高≤50 cm且0.5 cm地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率分别是对照样地的17.5%、21.59%,树高≥51 cm且地径0.7 cm幼树的数量下降率是对照样地的121.66%。2008年单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的2.28倍,2013年达到3.80倍;经过10年更新,单位面积蓄积量是试验前的11.57倍,对照样地单位面积蓄积量仅是试验前的2.55倍;单位面积蓄积量是对照样地的4.54倍。人工促进天然更新所需的人工成本为1 860元/hm2,仅为同期人工营造杉木幼林所需人工成本5 310元/hm2的35%。     

云南省古林箐自然保护区物种多样性及保护

古林箐自然保护区位于北回归线以南,哀牢山南端以东的滇东南高原向东南半岛延伸的结合部,南亚热带与热带的过渡地带。在这特殊的自然地理条件下,成为我国三大生物多样性中心之一的滇东南—桂西北的核心部位,区内有发育完整,保存完好的森林生态系统和丰富的生物资源。但在管理中存在许多方面问题,据此提出保护措施。     

New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model

In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5 days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3 days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2 days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2 days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2 days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.     

HPLC法测定天然植物粗提物中芍药苷含量

建立高效液相色谱法检测天然植物粗提物饲料原料中芍药苷的测定方法。用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶色谱柱,以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液(14:86)为流动相,检测波长230nm,流速：1.0 mL/min;柱温：30 ℃;进样量：10μL。结果显示,芍药苷的线性方程为Y=10.6017X－14.8514,(r=0.99966,n=6),本方法的回收率为100.4~102.1%,RSD均小于2.0%。结果表明,本方法准确,可靠,适用于天然植物粗提物饲料原料中芍药苷的测定。     

非洲猪瘟自然弱毒株演变进程

自2018年非洲猪瘟(African swine fever,ASF)传入中国以来疫情得到了有效控制。但2021年以后,我国的ASF流行情况出现了新的变化,临床中出现了“自然变异株”。这些毒株可能导致感染后临床症状不典型,容易与其他疫病混淆等问题。这与国外的流行演变规律一致,即当ASF在一个国家或地区流行较长时间后,其临床表现将由急性发病转变为缓慢发病或出现新的临床表现。经过多年的观察积累,国外已经对该病毒的流行规律特别是自然弱毒株的演变进程有了大量记载,但国内目前尚无这方面的描述。为此,就ASF自然弱毒株的演变进程进行综述,从而提出加强血清学诊断产品研发、加快产业化报批进程、适时开展血清学监测追溯等建议,以期为我国ASF科学防控提供参考。     

Fatty acid profile as affected by fat depot and the sex category of Polish Holstein-Friesian × Limousin fattening cattle fed silage ad libitum

This study was designed to compare the fatty acid profiles of four types of fat depots from bulls, steers, and heifers. All animals were Polish Holstein-Friesian and Limousin crossbreds fattened semi-intensively—silage at libitum and concentrate in the amount corresponding to 30% of their net energy requirements. The fatty acid profile in intramuscular, intermuscular, and external and internal fat was determined. The intramuscular fat of bulls was most abundant in total PUFAs and n-6 PUFAs, and functional fatty acids C 18:2, C 20:4, and C 22:5 in comparison with steers and heifers. Regardless of sex category, intramuscular and external fat were characterized by higher levels of UFAs and a more desirable MUFA/SFA ratio than the remaining fat types. It should also be noted that external fat was more abundant in CLA than other fat types, and that the highest CLA content was found in bull fat, compared with the remaining sex categories of cattle.     

Effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on backfat thickness and serum metabolite profiles of the Kagoshima-Kurobuta (Berkshire) pig

We investigated the effect of mixed rearing of barrows and gilts on the backfat thickness and the serum metabolite profiles of Kagoshima-Kurobuta (Berkshire) pigs. A total of 149 pigs with an average body weight of 35 kg were divided into the following groups: 100%, 90%, 70%, 50%, 30%, 10%, and 0% groups consisting of 10 barrows (1 pen), 9 barrows + 1 gilt (3 pens), 7 barrows + 3 gilts (2 pens), 5 barrows + 5 gilts (3 pens), 3 barrows + 7 gilts (2 pens), 1 barrow + 9 gilts (3 pens), and 9 gilts (1 pen), respectively. All pigs were raised to a shipping weight of 120 kg. Mixed rearing significantly reduced (p < 0.001) backfat thickness, and the optimum mixing ratio of barrows and gilts was 7:3 (the 70% group). Four types of circulating sex steroids were found in both the barrows and gilts in the 50% group but were not detected in barrows from the 100% group. These results indicated that mixed rearing of barrows and gilts was effective for reducing the backfat thickness of barrows, and induced sex steroid hormones may influence the backfat thickness of barrows in mixed-reared groups.     

基于CFD的Venlo温室夏季组合降温措施模拟研究

针对我国南方地区夏季高温高湿的气候条件,对采用天窗、外遮阳、内喷雾降温措施的试验Venlo温室内温度状况进行了模拟研究。以室外气候参数为边界条件,考虑作物和环境的相互作用,内喷雾系统和室内环境的质热交换以源项的形式加入到控制方程中,采用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)中的稳态方法求解控制方程,模拟Venlo型温室不同调控措施及组合下的温室内温度分布特点,分析各种调控措施的调控效果。模拟结果表明:采用加入源项的方法模拟内喷雾系统和室内空气的质热交换,其模拟值和实测值均方根误差RMSB为0.514 4℃,最大绝对误差为0.75℃,平均相对误差为1.3%,说明所建立的CFD模型有效。3种降温措施下,以外遮阳+自然通风的降温贡献率最大(80.6%),能耗最高的喷雾系统降温贡献率仅为34.8%,较高的环境湿度影响了喷雾系统的降温效率。CFD夏季降温模型的建立为温室作物系统的环境控制策略的制定提供了科学依据。     

基于ANSYS Workbench的乘坐式割草机刀盘模态分析

刀盘是割草机重要部件,其工作时固有频率与振型的大小直接关系到整机的可靠性与安全性。为此,利用CAD/CAM软件Pro/E建立刀盘的三维实体模型,并将其导入有限元分析软件ANSYS Workbench,对所建模型进行模态有限元仿真分析,提取前6阶固有频率,与刀盘转速进行比较,计算出其工作时的危险转速范围。分析结果表明:刀盘最高工作转速远低于其1阶临界转速,有效地避免了共振的发生,验证了刀盘设计的合理性,可为刀盘其它的动力学分析奠定基础。